Contrasting and categorization of emotions

The contrasting and categorisation of emotions describes how emotions are thought to relate to each other. Various recent proposals of such groupings are described in the following sections.

Robinson's criteria contrasting basic emotions

The following table identifies and contrasts the fundamental emotions according to a set of definite criteria according to D. L. Robinson.

Robinson says the three key criteria defining fundamental emotions include theses mental aspects:

1. have a strongly motivating subjective quality, like pleasure or pain
2. are in response to a real or imagined event or object
3. motivate specific types of behaviour or actions

According to Robinson, combinations of these attributes distinguish the emotions from sensations, feelings and moods.

Kind of emotion	Positive emotions	Negative emotions
Related to object properties	Interest, curiosity	Alarm, panic
	Attraction, desire, admiration	Aversion, disgust, revulsion
	Surprise, amusement	Indifference, familiarity, habituation
Future appraisal	Hope	Fear
Event related	Gratitude, thankfulness	Anger, rage
	Joy, elation, triumph, jubilation	Sorrow, grief
	Relief	Frustration, disappointment
Self-appraisal	Pride in achievement, self-confidence, sociability	Embarrassment, shame, guilt, remorse
Social	Generosity	Avarice, greed, miserliness, envy, jealousy
	Sympathy	Cruelty
Cathected	Love	Hate

HUMAINE's proposal for EARL (Emotion Annotation and Representation Language)

The emotion annotation and representation language (EARL) proposed by the Human-Machine Interaction Network on Emotion (HUMAINE) classifies 48 emotions.

Negative and forceful Anger Annoyance Contempt Disgust Irritation Negative and not in control Anxiety Embarrassment Fear Helplessness Powerlessness Worry Negative thoughts Doubt Envy Frustration Guilt Shame

Negative and passive Boredom Despair Disappointment Hurt Sadness Agitation Stress Shock Tension Positive and lively Amusement Delight Elation Excitement Happiness Joy Pleasure Caring Affection Empathy Friendliness Love

Positive thoughts Courage Hope Pride Satisfaction Trust Quiet positive Calm Content Relaxed Relieved Serene Reactive Interest Politeness Surprised

Parrott's emotions by groups

A tree-structured list of emotions was described in Parrott (2001).

Plutchik's wheel of emotions

Plutchik's Wheel of Emotions

Robert Plutchik created a wheel of emotions in 1980 which consisted of 8 basic emotions and 8 advanced emotions each composed of 2 basic ones.

Basic emotion	Basic opposite
Joy	Sadness
Trust	Disgust
Fear	Anger
Surprise	Anticipation

Human feelings (results of emotions)	Feelings	Opposite
Optimism	Anticipation + Joy	Disappointment
Love	Joy + Trust	Remorse
Submission	Trust + Fear	Contempt
Awe	Fear + Surprise	Aggression
Disapproval	Surprise + Sadness	Optimism
Remorse	Sadness + Disgust	Love
Contempt	Disgust + Anger	Submission
Aggressiveness	Anger + Anticipation	Awe

See also

• List of virtues
• Affect (psychology)
• Emotion
• Emotion classification
• Emotional mood
• Emotion and memory
• Empathy
• Basic emotions

Emotions

External links

• http://www.emotionalcompetency.com/recognizing.htm That page presents lists from Ekman, Lazarus, Ortony et al., and Goleman.
• http://www.personalityresearch.org/basicemotions.html A table of basic emotions according to a variety of authors.
• http://www.derose.net/steve/resources/emotionwords/ewords.html An organized list of over 800 English emotion words, maintained by Steven DeRose.
• Jessica Hagy, Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions emotions in Venn format

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.