Pneumolysin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pneumolysin is a putative virulence factor of the gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae.[1]
It is a pore-forming toxin of 53 kDa composed of 471 amino acids.[2] It has a range of biological activities including the ability to lyse[3] and interfere with the function of cells and soluble molecules of the immune system[4].
Released pneumolysin will aid the bacteria during colonization, by facilitating adherence to the host[5], during invasion by damaging host cells[6], and during infection by interfering with the host immune response[7] .
The presence of pneumolysin in sputum[8], urine[9], CSF[10] and blood[11] can be indicative of an S. pneumoniae infection.
[edit] References
- ^ Rossjohn, J; Gilbert, RJ, Crane, D, Morgan, PJ, Mitchell, TJ, Rowe, AJ, Andrew, PW, Paton, JC, Tweten, RK, Parker, MW (1998 Nov 27). "The molecular mechanism of pneumolysin, a virulence factor from Streptococcus pneumoniae.". Journal of molecular biology 284 (2): 449–61. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2167. PMID 9813129.
- ^ Marriott, HM; Mitchell, TJ, Dockrell, DH (2008 Sep). "Pneumolysin: a double-edged sword during the host-pathogen interaction.". Current molecular medicine 8 (6): 497–509. PMID 18781957.
- ^ Baba, H; Kawamura, I, Kohda, C, Nomura, T, Ito, Y, Kimoto, T, Watanabe, I, Ichiyama, S, Mitsuyama, M (2001 Feb 16). "Essential role of domain 4 of pneumolysin from Streptococcus pneumoniae in cytolytic activity as determined by truncated proteins.". Biochemical and biophysical research communications 281 (1): 37–44. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4297. PMID 11178957.
- ^ Hirst, RA; Kadioglu, A, O'callaghan, C, Andrew, PW (2004 Nov). "The role of pneumolysin in pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis.". Clinical and experimental immunology 138 (2): 195–201. PMID 15498026.
- ^ Rubins, JB; Paddock, AH, Charboneau, D, Berry, AM, Paton, JC, Janoff, EN (1998 Dec). "Pneumolysin in pneumococcal adherence and colonization.". Microbial pathogenesis 25 (6): 337–42. doi:10.1006/mpat.1998.0239. PMID 9895272.
- ^ Rubins, JB; Janoff, EN (1998 Jan). "Pneumolysin: a multifunctional pneumococcal virulence factor.". The Journal of laboratory and clinical medicine 131 (1): 21–7. PMID 9452123.
- ^ Cockeran, R; Anderson, R, Feldman, C (2002 Jun). "The role of pneumolysin in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.". Current opinion in infectious diseases 15 (3): 235–9. PMID 12015456.
- ^ Wheeler, J; Freeman, R, Steward, M, Henderson, K, Lee, MJ, Piggott, NH, Eltringham, GJ, Galloway, A (1999 Sep). "Detection of pneumolysin in sputum.". Journal of medical microbiology 48 (9): 863–6. PMID 10482298.
- ^ Rajalakshmi, B; Kanungo, R, Srinivasan, S, Badrinath, S (2002 Oct-Dec). "Pneumolysin in urine: a rapid antigen detection method to diagnose pneumococcal pneumonia in children.". Indian journal of medical microbiology 20 (4): 183–6. PMID 17657067.
- ^ Matos Jde, A; Madureira, DJ, Rebelo, MC, Hofer, CB, Barroso, DE (2006 Aug). "Diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the gene for pneumolysin.". Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 101 (5): 559–63. PMID 17072463.
- ^ Lahti, E; Mertsola, J, Kontiokari, T, Eerola, E, Ruuskanen, O, Jalava, J (2006 Dec). "Pneumolysin polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia and empyema in children.". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 25 (12): 783–9. PMID 17089094.
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