Polyuria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| ICD-10 | R35. |
|---|---|
| ICD-9 | 788.42 |
| MeSH | D011141 |
In medicine, polyuria is a condition characterized by the passage of large volumes of urine (at least 2.5 L over 24 hours in adults).[1]
Polyuria often appears in conjunction with polydipsia (increased thirst), though it is possible to have one without the other, and the latter may be a cause or an effect. Psychogenic polydipsia may lead to polyuria.
Polyuria is physiologically normal in some circumstances, such as cold diuresis, altitude diuresis, and after drinking large amounts of fluids.
[edit] Causes of polyuria
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- increase in fluid intake, especially water
- diuretic drugs
- diuretic foods (foods and beverages containing caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea, and soft drinks; hot spicy foods; juices high in acid; alcoholic beverages; etc.)
- diabetes mellitus
- diabetes insipidus
- psychogenic polydipsia
- high doses of riboflavin (vitamin B2)
- high doses of vitamin C
- cold diuresis
- Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome
- altitude diuresis
- interstitial cystitis
- interstitial nephritis
- lupus erythematosus or other connective tissue disease related cystitis
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
- renal tubular acidosis
- Fanconi syndrome/renal glycosuria
- hypercalcaemia
- hyperthyroidism
- hypopituitarism
- pregnancy
- reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome
- glomerulonephritis
- squamous cell carcinoma of lung (a paraneoplastic consequence)
- hypoaldosteronism
- hypokalemia
- polydipsia
- congestive heart failure
- Cushing's syndrome
- Addison's disease
- intestinal obstruction (occurs after toxins begin to be absorbed from the damaged intestine)
- hypercalcemia (most commonly from cancer)
- hyperparathyroidism[1]
- acromegaly
- polycythemia
- partial obstruction of the urinary tract
- pheochromocytoma
- side effect of lithium (see lithium thirst)
- liver failure/ cirrhosis
- pyometra in certain animals or appendicitis in humans
- neurologic damage
- urinary tract infection - although it more commonly causes frequent passage of small volumes of urine rather than a large volume
- emphysematous cystitis
- post supraventricular tachycardia
- migraine
- Use of a corticosteroid such as prednisone
- nephronophthisis
- Treatment of Lithium as a mood stabilizer for numerous mood disorders have a common side effect of Polyuria.
[edit] References
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