Pratt & Whitney J57
| J57 / JT3C | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| YJ57-P-3 cut-away demonstrator at USAF Museum | |
| Type | Turbojet |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Pratt & Whitney |
| First run | 1952 |
| Major applications | B-52 Stratofortress B-57 Canberra Boeing 707 Douglas DC-8 F-8 Crusader F-100 Super Sabre |
| Number built | 21,170 built |
| Developed from | Pratt & Whitney XT45 |
| Variants | Pratt & Whitney JT3D/TF33 |
| Developed into | Pratt & Whitney J52/JT8A Pratt & Whitney J75/JT4A |
The Pratt & Whitney J57 (company designation: JT3C) was an axial-flow turbojet engine developed by Pratt & Whitney in the early 1950s. The J57 was the first 10,000 lbf (45 kN) thrust class engine in the United States. The J57/JT3C was developed into J75/JT4A turbojet, and the JT3D/TF33 turbofan.[1]
Contents |
[edit] Design and development
The J57 was a development of the XT45 (PT4) turboprop engine intended for the XB-52. As the B-52 power requirements grew, the design evolved into a turbojet, the JT3. The prestigious Collier Trophy for 1952 was awarded to Leonard S. Hobbs, Chief Engineer of United Aircraft Corporation, for "designing and producing the P&W J57 turbojet engine".[2] On May 25, 1953, a J57-powered YF-100A exceeded Mach 1 on its maiden flight. The engine was produced from 1951 to 1965 with a total of 21,170 built.
One XT57 was installed in the nose of a C-124 (BuNo 52-1069), and tested in 1956.[3][4]
[edit] Variants
- J57 (Military)
- J57-P-1W, -1WA, or -1WB at 11,400 lbf (51 kN) s.t with water injection (B-52B)
- J57-P-4A: 16,200 lbf (72.1 kN) thrust
- J57-P-8A: 10,200 lbf (45.4 kN) thrust
- J57-P-10: 12,400 lbf (55.1 kN) thrust
- J57-P-11: 9,700 lbf (43.1 kN), 14,800 lbf (65.8 kN) thrust
- J57-P-13: 14,880 lbf (66.2 kN) thrust
- J57-P-16: 16,900 lbf (75.2 kN) thrust
- J57-P-20: 18,000 lbf (80.1 kN) thrust
- J57-P-20A: 18,000 lbf (80.1 kN) thrust
- J57-P-21: 17,000 lbf (75.6 kN) thrust
- J57-P-25: 15,000 lbf (66.7 kN) thrust
- J57-P-43W: 13,750 lbf (61.2 kN) thrust
- J57-P-59W: 13,750 lbf (61.2 kN) thrust
- JT3C (Civilian)
- Derivatives
- Pratt & Whitney T57 (PT5) - 15,000 shp turboprop
[edit] Applications
- J57 (Military)
- Boeing B-52 Stratofortress (dash 1W, 1WA, 1WB)
- Boeing C-135 Stratolifter and KC-135 Stratotanker
- Convair F-102 Delta Dagger (dash 25)
- Convair YB-60 (dash 3)
- Douglas A3D Skywarrior (dash 10)
- Douglas F4D Skyray (dash 8, 8A, 8B)
- Lockheed U-2
- Martin B-57 Canberra
- McDonnell F-101 Voodoo (dash 55)
- North American F-100 Super Sabre (dash 21 and 21A)
- Northrop SM-62 Snark
- Vought F-8 Crusader (dash 8)
- JT3C (Civilian)
- T57 turboprop
- Douglas C-124 Globemaster II testbed
- Douglas C-132 (not built)
[edit] Specifications (J57-P-23)
General characteristics
- Type: Afterburning turbojet
- Length: 244 in (6,200 mm)
- Diameter: 39 in (1,000 mm)
- Dry weight: 5,175 lb (2,347 kg)
Components
- Compressor: Two-spool 16-stage axial compressor
Performance
- Maximum thrust:
- 11,700 lbf (52.0 kN) dry
- 17,200 lbf (76.5 kN) with afterburner
- Overall pressure ratio: 11.5:1
- Turbine inlet temperature: 1,600 °F (870 °C)
- Specific fuel consumption: 2.10 lb/(h·lbf) (214.2 kg/(h·kN)) with afterburner
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 3.32:1 (32.6 N/kg)
[edit] Specifications (J57-P-43WB)
General characteristics
- Type: Turbojet with water injection for thrust augmentation
- Length: 169 in (4,300 mm)
- Diameter: 35 in (900 mm)
- Dry weight: 3,875 lb (1,757 kg)
Components
- Compressor: Two-spool 16-stage axial compressor
Performance
- Maximum thrust: 11,220 lbf (49.9 kN) with water injection
- Overall pressure ratio: 12.0:1
- Turbine inlet temperature: 1,600 °F (870 °C)
- Specific fuel consumption: 0.755 lb/(h·lbf) (77.0 kg/(h·kN)) at maximum military power
- Thrust-to-weight ratio: 2.9:1 (28.4 N/kg)
[edit] See also
- Related development
- Comparable engines
- Related lists
[edit] References
- Notes
- ^ Gunston, p.167
- ^ List of Collier Trophy Winners
- ^ Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 (Putnam, 1979), p.470.
- ^ Connors, p.294
- Bibliography
- Connors, Jack (2010). The Engines of Pratt & Whitney: A Technical History. Reston. Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. ISBN 978-1-60086-711-8.
- Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979. ISBN 0-370-00050-1.
- Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
[edit] External links
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