Izabela Czartoryska
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| Izabela Czartoryska | |
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| Spouse(s) | Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski |
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Issue Teresa Czartoryska Maria Anna Czartoryska Adam Jerzy Czartoryski Konstanty Adam Czartoryski Gabriela Czartoryska Zofia Czartoryska |
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| Noble family | Flemming |
| Father | Georg Detlev von Flemming |
| Mother | Antonina Czartoryska |
| Born | 3 March 1746 Warsaw, Poland |
| Died | 15 July 1835 (aged 89) Wysocko, Austrian Empire |
Princess Izabela Dorota Czartoryska (née Fleming; 3 March 1746 – 15 July 1835) was a Polish aristocrat, writer, art collector, and founder of Poland's first museum, the Czartoryski Museum in Kraków.
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Life [edit]
She was the daughter of Count Georg Detlev von Flemming (Polish: Hrabia Jerzy Detloff Fleming) and Princess Antonina Czartoryska.
On 18 November 1761, in Wołczyn, she married Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski, thus becoming a princess.
She was rumored to have had an affair with the Russian ambassador to Poland, Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin, who was alleged to have fathered her son Adam Jerzy Czartoryski.[1]
In Paris in 1772 she met Benjamin Franklin, subsequently a leader of the American Revolution, and the French philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire, who were bringing new ideas to the old order.
In 1775, together with her husband, Czartoryska completely transformed the Czartoryski Palace at Puławy into an intellectual and political meeting place. Her court was one of the most liberal and progressive in the Commonwealth, although some aspects of her behavior also caused scandals.[2]
Izabela discovered the talent of the young painter Aleksander Orłowski and financed him.
In 1784 she joined the Patriotic Party.
After the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising, her sons Adam Jerzy and Konstanty Adam were taken as political hostages by Russia's Empress Catherine II.
In 1796 Izabela ordered the rebuilding of the ruined palace at Puławy and began a museum. Among the first objects to be included were Turkish trophies that had been seized by Polish King Jan III Sobieski's forces at the 1683 Battle of Vienna. Also included were Polish royal treasures and historic Polish family heirlooms. In 1801 Izabela opened the first museum in Poland, the Temple of the Sibyl, also called "The Temple of Memory". It contained objects of sentimental importance pertaining to the glories and miseries of human life. During the November Uprising in 1830, the museum was closed. Izabela's son Adam Jerzy Czartoryski, going into exile in Paris, evacuated the museum's surviving objects to the Hôtel Lambert. His son Władysław Czartoryski would reopen the museum in 1878 in Kraków, where it exists today.
Works [edit]
- Myśli różne o sposobie zakładania ogrodów (1805)
- Pielgrzym w Dobromilu, czyli nauki wiejskie (ca. 1818)
See also [edit]
References [edit]
- ^ [1]
- ^ Krzysztof Bauer (1991). Uchwalenie i obrona Konstytucji 3 Maja. Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne. p. 70. ISBN 978-83-02-04615-5. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
External links [edit]
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- Culture articles needing translation from Polish Wikipedia
- 1746 births
- 1835 deaths
- 18th-century Polish people
- 18th-century women writers
- 19th-century Polish people
- 19th-century women writers
- Czartoryski family
- Flemming family
- Museum founders
- Polish art collectors
- Polish landscape and garden designers
- Polish people of German descent
- Polish women in politics
- Polish women writers
- Polish writers
- Polish writers in French
- Polish salon-holders
- Writers from Warsaw
