Principality of Elba

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Principality of Elba
Principato d'Elba
1814–1815
Location of the Principality of Elba within Europe
Location of the Principality of Elba within Europe
CapitalPortoferraio
Common languagesItalian
Religion
Roman Catholic
GovernmentNon-hereditary Monarchy
Prince of Elba 
• 1814-1815
Napoleon Bonaparte
Historical eraNapoleonic Wars
April 13 1814
February 26, 1815
June 9 1815
Area
1814224 km2 (86 sq mi)
Population
• 1814
12,000
CurrencyFrench Franc
Preceded by
Succeeded by
First French Empire
Grand Duchy of Tuscany

The Principality of Elba (Italian: Principato d'Elba) was a non-hereditary monarchy established by the Treaty of Fontainebleau of 11 April 1814.

Sovereignty over the island, which until then had been part of the French département of Méditerranée, was given to Napoleon I of France after his abdication following the War of the Sixth Coalition. Article 3 of the Treaty stipulated that Elba was to be "an independent principality possessed by him in complete sovereignty and as personal property".[1] His rule was to persist until his death, at which point control of the Principality would return to Tuscany. The former emperor was also granted a stipend of two million francs per year to be paid by France.

On 26 February, after a rule of 9 months, Napoleon escaped from Elba and landed in southern France to lead the French again, beginning the War of the Seventh Coalition. After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the delegates of the Congress of Vienna agreed to exile Napoleon to the Island of St. Helena in the South Atlantic, and the Principality was returned to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany.

Island of Elba 1814

References

  • Gruyer, Paul (1908). Napoleon, King of Elba. London: William Heinemann.