Priyome

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Priyome (Russian: приём), also spelled "priem", is a Russian noun that is used directly and generically in English to represent some sort of typical maneuver or technique in chess. For example, a typical defensive technique ("priem") in rook endings is to use the king to attack the opponent's pawns.[1] The Russian word "Priem" is used more generally to refer to typical maneuvers used in positions with certain pawn structure or other defining characteristics. The term is pronounced "pree-YOHM" in both Russian and English.

"Priem" is a common word in the Russian language, and this meaning of the word is frequently used in many contexts, as diverse as music, literature, computer science, and martial arts.[2] It is also very common in Russian chess literature. Because the word does not have an exact equivalent in English (with "device", "technique", or "method" the closest translations), the transliteration has appeared in English-language chess literature, although this usage is not yet widespread.[3][4] (In Russian, "priem" has other unrelated meanings, including "reception" and "acceptance".)

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[edit] Examples

A Russian movie, Buket Na Priyome,[5] is a crime drama highlighting the technique as a theme and tactic. A famous game by Garry Kasparov in Nicaragua has been used by training academies[6] to illustrate the technique. After e4-e5 in the first diagram below, the d-file is potentially open, and thus a candidate to be controlled by White's rooks:

Solid white.svg a b c d e f g h Solid white.svg
8  black king  __  black king  __  black knight  __  black king  __ 8
7  black king  black king  __  black king  black king  black pawn  black king  black king 7
6  black pawn  __  black king  black pawn  black rook  black king  black king  black pawn 6
5  white pawn  black rook  black pawn  __  white pawn  __  black pawn  __ 5
4  __  black pawn  white knight  __  black king  __  __  __ 4
3  __  white pawn  black king  __  black king  white pawn  __  white pawn 3
2  black king  black king  white pawn  white rook  __  white king  white pawn  __ 2
1  __  __  black king  white rook  __  black king  __  black king 1
Solid white.svg a b c d e f g h Solid white.svg
Moving the Rook to the d file is a priyome, or recommended response. In annotations, moves with exclamation points suggest priyomes.
Example of Black vs. White priyomes
Black to move
Solid white.svg a b c d e f g h Solid white.svg
8  black rook  black king  black bishop  black queen  black king  black rook  black king  black king 8
7  black pawn  black king  black king  black king  black king  black king  black pawn  black pawn 7
6  black king  black pawn  black king  black king  black king  black knight  black pawn  black king 6
5  black king  black king  black pawn  white pawn  black pawn  black king  black king  black king 5
4  white pawn  black king  white pawn  black king  white pawn  black king  black king  black king 4
3  black king  black king  white pawn  white bishop  white bishop  black king  black king  black king 3
2  black king  black king  black king  black king  black king  black king  white pawn  white pawn 2
1  white rook  black king  black king  white queen  black king  white rook  white king  black king 1
Solid white.svg a b c d e f g h Solid white.svg
In this famous 1972 Spassky-Fischer World Championship, Spassky played 1.a4, and Bobby answered with 1...a5!. This is a typical defensive technique (priyome) in similar positions, to fix the weakness of the a4 pawn.
White to move
Solid white.svg a b c d e f g h Solid white.svg
8  black king  black king  black rook  black king  black king  black king  black rook  black king 8
7  black king  black pawn  black queen  black king  black bishop  black pawn  black pawn  black pawn 7
6  black pawn  black king  black bishop  black pawn  black king  black knight  black king  black king 6
5  black king  black king  black king  black king  black pawn  white pawn  black king  black king 5
4  black king  black king  black king  black king  white pawn  black king  black king  black king 4
3  black king  white bishop  white knight  black king  white bishop  black king  white queen  black king 3
2  white pawn  white pawn  white pawn  black king  black king  black king  white pawn  white pawn 2
1  white rook  black king  black king  black king  black king  white rook  white king  black king 1
Solid white.svg a b c d e f g h Solid white.svg
In this Zsofia Polgar-Apol game from 1988, Polgar played the priyome with 1. Bg5! - again a typical maneuver in this pawn structure, to exchange the bishop for the f6 knight and gain control of the d5 square.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Uchebnik Endshpilya, Dvoretsky, 2006, p. 216 ISBN 5-88149-232-3
  2. ^ www.yxo.com
  3. ^ Studying Chess Made Easy, Soltis, 2010, p. 88 ISBN 978-1-906388-67-6
  4. ^ Critical Moments in Chess, Gaprindashvili, 2010, p. 66 et. al. ISBN 978-1-906388-65-2
  5. ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0292463/
  6. ^ http://www.academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=288&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0

[edit] External links


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