Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador

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For pre-1949 Conservative parties see Conservative parties in Newfoundland (pre-Confederation)

Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador
Leader Kathy Dunderdale
President John Babb[1]
Founded 1949
Headquarters St. John's, NL
Ideology Red Toryism
Liberal conservatism
Political position Centre right
Official colours Blue
Seats in House of Assembly
37 / 48
Website
Official website
Politics of Newfoundland and Labrador
Political parties
Elections

The Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland and Labrador is a centre-right provincial political party in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Originally founded in 1949 the party has formed the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador since the 2003 general election. Premier Kathy Dunderdale has served as the party's leader since April 2, 2011.

Contents

[edit] History

[edit] Origins

The party originated before Newfoundland's confederation with Canada as the Responsible Government League (RGL). The RGL campaigned for responsible government to return to Newfoundland, after being suspended in 1934. In the 1948 referendum Newfoundland narrowly voted to join Canada as its tenth province.[2] Following the referendum federal parties started organizing in Newfoundland and most members of the RGL decided to align themselves with the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, to form the Progressive Conservative Party of Newfoundland.[2][3][4]

[edit] In the political wilderness (1949 to 1972)

Harry Mews was acclaimed as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party and led them into the 1949 provincial election. Liberal leader Joey Smallwood, who had campaigned for confederation in 1948, led his party to victory, winning 22 seats of the 28 seats available. The Progressive Conservatives only managed to win five seats and Mews, who ran in the district of St. John's West, was unsuccessful in his bid for a seat in the House of Assembly.[5][6] Mews was elected mayor of St. John's later that year and stepped down as party leader soon after.[7]

The Progressive Conservatives struggled to make gains in the province, being tarred as anti-confederates. Their support was confined to Roman Catholic communities on the Avalon Peninsula, outside of St. John's, which had been anti-confederation strongholds in the 1940s.[8] Smallwood continued to lead the Liberal Party through the 1950's and 1960's, but by 1969 his government started facing problems. He attempted to revitalize his party by appointing younger men to his cabinet, including; John Crosbie, Edward Roberts and Clyde Wells, but he continued to face internal strife and announced his resignation as leader and his retirement from politics in 1969. When Crosbie became the front runner to succeed him as leader, Smallwood decided to run for the leadership. Smallwood's leadership bid was successful and Crosbie, along with a number of young Liberals, defected to the Progressive Conservatives.[8]

The move revitalized the Progressive Conservatives. No longer tarred by their anti-confederate stance in 1948, the Tory's became a credible force in forming government for the first time.[8] Under the leadership of Gerald Ottenheimer, the party became better organized and built district associations throughout the entire province. In May 1971, Frank Moores was elected leader of the party. Moores was the Member of Parliament for the riding of Bonavista—Trinity—Conception in the House of Commons.[9]

In the 1971 election, under Moores the Tories won 21 seats in the House of Assembly and 51% of the popular vote. Moores did not become Premier, however, because Smallwood refused to resign. His party had won 20 seats in the election and he remained Premier with the help of the lone MHA from the Labrador Party. Smallwood's government only lasted several months and a new election was called in 1972.[10] The Tories defeated the Liberals, winning 61% and 33 seats.[11] Moores was sworn in as the 2nd Premier of Newfoundland.[10]

[edit] In government (1972 to 1989)

The instability in the House of Assembly after the October 1971, election led to another election being held on March 24, 1972. In the election, Moores led his party to victory winning 33 seats and 61% of the vote, compared to nine seats for the Liberals and 37% of the popular vote. Moores became Newfoundland's 2nd Premier following the election victory. During the election campaign Moores promised greater democracy within the government. Upon entering the premier's office he undertook a much needed reorganization of the cabinet and government departments. The reforms led to cabinet ministers having greater responsibilities over their portfolios, which had not been the case during Smallwood's time as premier. Much of Moores' time as premier was absorbed with the completion of mega-projects negotiated by the previous Liberal government, namely the Come By Chance Refinery, the Stephenville linerboard mill and the Churchill Falls Generating Station. When it became apparent that there were major flaws with the Churchill Falls agreement, to the benefit of Hydro-Quebec, the Progressive Conservative government set out to compensate for this with initiatives to gain greater control over natural resources. Moores won a second majority government in the 1975 election, this time winning 45.5% of the vote and 30 seats in the House of Assembly. Moores retired from politics in 1979.[12]

Brian Peckford succeeded Moores as premier following his win in the 1979 leadership convention. Peckford continued the fight over resources, particularly offshore oil, and it became a major part of Tory platforms. Under Peckford's leadership, the party went on to win the 1979, 1982 and 1985 general elections. Under his tenure the province signed the Atlantic Accord agreement which has led to the development of the province's offshore oil industry.[13] Towards the end of his political career, Peckford became increasingly unpopular and retired from politics in 1989.[14][15] In that year's leadership election Fisheries Minister Tom Rideout was narrowly elected leader, beating four other men.[12][16]

Rideout was sworn in as premier of Newfoundland on March 22, 1989.[17] A week after being sworn in as premier he called a general election to be held on April 20, 1989.[18] The Progressive Conservatives went into the election with a large lead in public opinion polls, however over the course of the campaign their lead evaporated.[19] On election night Clyde Wells led his Liberal Party to victory, winning 31 seats compared to the Tory's 21.[20] While the Liberal Party were able to win more seats and form government, the Progressive Conservatives had actually won the popular vote.[18]

[edit] In opposition (1989 to 2003)

Rideout stayed on as leader of the party till January 17, 1991, when he announced his resignation. Rideout stated that the party had a better chance of winning the next election under a new leader.[21] Rideout was succeeded as leader by Len Simms, who led the party into the 1993 general election. The party was unable to make any gains in the election, and lost support and seats to both the Liberals and New Democrats. In the 1995 leadership race former Deputy Premier Lynn Verge was elected leader over Loyola Sullivan by a margin of three votes.[22] Verge led the Progressive Conservatives into the 1996 general election, but the party was soundly defeated by the Liberals under their new leader Brian Tobin. They won nine of the 48 seats in the legislature and 39% of the popular vote, their worst electoral result in 30 years. Verge was defeated in her own district and subsequently resigned as party leader.[23] Loyola Sullivan became the Official Opposition Leader and interim leader of the party following Verge's defeat. Ed Byrne became leader of the Progressive Conservatives in 1998, when he was uncontested for the leadership, and led the party into the 1999 general election.[12] The party gained 2.11% of the popular vote in the election and increased their caucus from nine members to 14. Two years later, Byrne stepped down as leader of the party and successful businessman and lawyer Danny Williams was acclaimed party leader.[24]

[edit] Williams era (2001 to 2010)

Danny Williams

Williams became leader in April 2001, and in June of that year he won a by-election in the Corner Brook district of Humber West.[25] The Progressive Conservatives won four by-elections after the 1999 election, and gained another MHA when Liberal Party member Ross Wiseman crossed the floor to join the party. When the legislature was dissolved for the 2003 election the party had increased its caucus to 19 members.In the election the Tories were returned to power after 14 years, winning 34 of the province's 48 seats.[26] In the provincial election in 2007 the Progressive Conservatives won a landslide victory. The party won 44 out of the 48 seats in the House of Assembly and took just under 70% of the popular vote, the largest win for any party in the province's history.[27]

Early in Williams first term as premier he took a more fiscally conservative approach to governing.[28] He reduced the size of the provincial cabinet following the election, and months later reformed government departments.[29][30] After discovering that the province was in worse financial shape then previously thought, and facing annual deficits of $1 billion, he made a number of controversial cuts.[31] The construction of new hospitals and schools, that had been planned under the previous Liberal government, were put on hold, and the number of school and health boards were compressed.[28][32] After a month long strike the government legislated public service employees back to work in April 2004, without a pay raise.[28]

After a successful fight with the federal Liberal government to re-negotiate the fiscal arrangement of the Atlantic Accord and a significant increase in oil prices, offshore oil revenues led to record surpluses for the provincial government.[33][34][35][36] The new surpluses led to the Williams government reducing income taxes and significantly increasing government spending. The increases in spending was largely focussed on upgrading the province's infrastructure and social programs.[37][38] He also gave public service employees increases in pay of over 20%, to make up for years that their pay was frozen.[39][40] By the time he left office in 2010, government spending had skyrocketed, his provincial cabinet had increased to 18 ministers and the size of the public service was significantly larger then when he took office.[41] While government spending was up substantially his government still managed to reduce the province's net debt by roughly $4 billion and Williams was considered one of the most fiscally responsible premier's in Canada.[42]

On November 25, 2010, Williams announced that he would step down as premier on December 3, 2010, and that Deputy Premier Kathy Dunderdale would serve as the premier of the province until the Progressive Conservatives chose a new leader in 2011.[43]

[edit] Dunderdale era (2010-present)

Kathy Dunderdale

On December 3, 2010, Williams tendered his resignation as Premier and Dunderdale was sworn in as the tenth Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador, becoming the first woman to hold the office.[44] Dunderdale was the only eligible candidate for the leadership of the party and was officially sworn in as leader at the party's convention on April 2, 2011.[45]

Dunderdale made minor changes to the provincial cabinet after succeeding Williams, but kept the number of ministers at 18.[46] Her government was warned by the auditor general that the current level of government spending increases was unsustainable, however in her first budget she continued on Williams' path of increased spending.[41][47] In the October 2011, provincial election the party campaigned on a platform that included $135 million in new annual spending. The platform promised to continue the freeze on post-secondary education and eventually eliminating loans in favour of needs-based grants, phasing out the payroll tax over six years, investing a third of any surplus into unfunded public pension funds, reviewing the province's income tax rates to ensure they are progressive and competitive and continuing to make payments on the province’s direct debt, among other things.[48][49] However, Dunderdale also made clear that the election promises outlined in the Blue Book were contingent on the fiscal condition of the province.[49] On October 11, 2011, she led the Progressive Conservatives to a third straight majority government, the party won 37 of the province's 48 seats. Dunderdale became only the third woman in Canadian history to lead a political party to power.[50]

After the election she appointed a smaller cabinet, by reducing the number of government ministries.[51] In a speech to the St. John's Board of Trade in February 2012, Dunderdale outlined a more conservative agenda. She announced that it was time to rein public spending and that all government departments were told to find ways to save money. During the speech she stated that the public service would not grow any further and that they should only expect a modest increase in pay in the upcoming contract negotiations. Dunderdale also announced that her government was committed to reducing Newfoundland and Labrador's per capita debt to the Canadian average over the next decade.[52][53]

[edit] Ideologies and policies

The Progressive Conservatives are a centre-right political party and have always been more supportive of the business community and free enterprise. They have avoided the neo-liberal policies of some other conservative parties elsewhere in Canada and have tended to be Red Tories. This is a result of the once widespread poverty and economic problems in the province, particularly in light of the failure of the fishing industry. These factors make hard right fiscal policies unsellable to voters.

During the Constitutional negotiations of the 1980s, the Tories supported a decentralized federation, while the Liberals were in favour of a strong central government.[54] The Tories lost power in 1989 but continued to argue for decentralization in opposition, voting in favour of a package of proposed constitutional amendments called the Meech Lake Accord, while the Liberal Party led by Clyde Wells opposed it.[55]

[edit] Federal affiliation

Since the merger of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and the Canadian Alliance to create the Conservative Party of Canada in 2003, the provincial Progressive Conservatives have not been formally affiliated with a party at the federal level.[56] Under Premier Williams the party's relationship with federal Conservatives, led by Stephen Harper, was often tenuous.[57] After Harper reneged on a promise made to Williams during the 2006 federal election, regarding equalization payments, Williams launched the Anything But Conservative (ABC) campaign. The ABC campaign encouraged people to vote for any other party but the Conservatives, with a goal of making sure no Conservative was elected in the next federal election in Newfoundland and Labrador.[58] The campaign, which was supported by all but one member of Williams' caucus, crippled the federal party's ability to find candidates and volunteers.[59][60] On election night the campaign was successful, the Conservative Party lost the three seats they had held prior to the election, and won only 17% of the popular vote in the province. Despite being shut out of Newfoundland and Labrador the Conservatives did manage to win a second minority government.[61] Following the election Williams announced that it was time to end his battle with Ottawa, and both him and Harper signalled a willingness to work with each other.[62][63]

When Dunderdale succeeded Williams as Premier she worked to build a stronger relationship between the province and Harrper's Conservative government.[64] At the beginning of the May 2011 federal election campaign Dunderdale gave the green light to members of her caucus to campaign with the federal Conservative Party.[65] At a campaign stop in St. John's Dunderdale, along with the majority of her caucus, endorsed the Conservative Party.[66] After having difficulty attracting candidates in 2008, the Conservative ran three former provincial cabinet ministers who served under Williams.[67] Despite the support from the provincial party the Conservatives were unable to get back to their traditional level of support, they elected one MP and increased their popular to 28%.[68]

[edit] Electoral performance

Results of elections for the House of Assembly of Newfoundland and Labrador:

Year of election # of seats won # of seats available # of votes % of popular vote
1949 5 28 55,111 32.72%
1951 4 28 46,782 35.33%
1956 4 36 36,591 31.69%
1959 3 36 33,002 25.3%
1962 7 42 45,055 36.6%
1966 3 42 50,316 34.0%
1971 21 42 118,899 51.3%
1972 33 42 126,508 60.5%
1975 30 51 101,016 45.54%
1979 33 52 119,151 50.4%
1982 44 52 152,966 61.2%
1985 36 52 134,893 48.6%
1989 21 52 138,609 47.6%
1993 16 52 127,150 42.1%
1996 9 48 110,312 38.66%
1999 14 48 108,772 40.77%
2003 34 48 162,949 58.71%
2007 44 48 155,943 69.59%
2011 37 48 TBA 56.1%

[edit] Party leaders

Leader Years in office
1 Harry Mews 1949–1950
2 John Higgins 1950–1951
3 Peter Cashin 1951–1953
4 Malcolm Hollett 1953–1959
5 James Greene 1960–1966
6 Noel Murphy 1966
7 Gerry Ottenheimer 1966–1969
8 Frank Moores 1970–1979
9 Brian Peckford 1979–1989
10 Tom Rideout 1989–1991
11 Len Simms 1991–1995
12 Lynn Verge 1995–1996
13 Loyola Sullivan 1996–1998
14 Ed Byrne 1998–2001
15 Danny Williams 2001–2010
16 Kathy Dunderdale 2010–present

[edit] See also

Portal icon conservatism portal

[edit] References

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  2. ^ a b Hillier, J.K.. "The 1948 Referendums". Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/referendums.html. Retrieved 19 February 2012. 
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  64. ^ "PM meeting 'good first step': Dunderdale". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 February 2011. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2011/02/02/nfld-dunderdale-harper.html. Retrieved 5 February 2012. 
  65. ^ Cochrane, David (30 March 2011). "UPDATED: A Political Sea Change in Newfoundland and Labrador?". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/inside-politics-blog/2011/03/a-political-sea-change-in-newfoundland-and-labrador.html. Retrieved 5 February 2012. 
  66. ^ Bartlett, Dave (1 April 2011). "‘Loan guarantee or equivalent’". The Telegram. http://www.thetelegram.com/News/Local/2011-04-01/article-2388486/Births-1847. Retrieved 5 February 2012. 
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  68. ^ "Innu leader delivers Conservatives from N.L. shutout". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 May 2011. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2011/05/02/nl-election-fortyone-502.html. Retrieved 5 February 2012. 

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Leaders of the Newfoundland and Labrador Progressive Conservative Party

Newfoundland and Labrador
Mews · Higgins · Cashin · Hollett · Greene · Murphy · Ottenheimer · Moores · Peckford · Rideout · Simms · Verge · Sullivan · Byrne · Williams · Dunderdale
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