Pulmonata

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Pulmonata
Fossil range: Carboniferous–recent
Various examples of Pulmonata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Heterobranchia

informal group Pulmonata
Cuvier, 1814
Taxonomic subdivisions

The Pulmonata or "pulmonates" are currently an "informal group" (previously an order, and before that a subclass) of snails and slugs that have developed a pallial lung instead of a gill or gills, and thus they can breathe air. The group includes many land and freshwater families, and a few marine ones.

Pulmonata are known from the Carboniferous to the recent periods.[1]

Pulmonates have a single auricle and kidney, and a concentrated, symmetrical, nervous system. The mantle cavity is located on the right side of the body, and lacks gills, instead being converted into a vascularised lung. Most species have a shell, but no operculum, although the group does also include several shell-less slugs. Pulmonates are hermaphroditic, and some groups possess love darts.[2]

Contents

[edit] Taxonomy

The current taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005) is as follows:

[edit] Informal Group Pulmonata

Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata

[edit] Informal Group Basommatophora

Contains the clade Hygrophila

[edit] Clade Hygrophila

[edit] Clade Eupulmonata

Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora

[edit] Clade Systellommatophora ( = Gymnomorpha)
[edit] Clade Stylommatophora

Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra

[edit] Subclade Elasmognatha
[edit] Subclade Orthurethra
[edit] Informal Group Sigmurethra
[edit] limacoid clade
[edit] other Sigmurethra

Two two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.

[edit] Previous taxonomy

The previous taxonomy of this group according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997) was as follows:

Order Pulmonata Cuvier in Blainville, 1814 (pulmonates)

Shells of pulmonate styllomatophoran snails in a museum collection
Various pulmonates

[edit] References

  1. ^ (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. 1996. Základy zoopaleontologie. Olomouc, 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3.
  2. ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 377. ISBN 0-03-056747-5. 

[edit] External links

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