Puntius

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Spotted barbs
Gold Barbs
(Puntius semifasciolatus var. schuberti)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Subclass: Neopterygii
Infraclass: Teleostei
Superorder: Ostariophysi
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Barbinae
Genus: Puntius
F. Hamilton, 1822
Type species
Cyprinus sophore
F. Hamilton, 1822
Species

About 140, see text

Puntius[1] is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the family Cyprinidae of the order Cypriniformes. Fishes of this genus are known as the spotted barbs for the predominant pattern, though many have vertical black bands instead. Also, the Spotted Barb proper is one particular species, Puntius binotatus. The name Puntius comes from pungti, a Bengali term for small cyprinids. The type species is the Pool Barb (Puntius sophore), first described as Cyprinus sophore by Hamilton in 1822.

Historically, many species of Puntius have been classified in several genera, including Barbus. Despite the reclassifications, the specific epithet remains the same in these – except in cases of homonymies –, as Barbus and Puntius have the same grammatical gender. The closest living relatives of the spotted barbs are the Cyprinion barbs, the Assamese Kingfish (Semiplotus semiplotus), and perhaps the Capoeta barbs. These and the other "typical" barbs and barbels were formerly often separated as subfamily Barbinae, but this group is highly paraphyletic with regards to the Cyprininae and better merged there at least for the largest part (including Puntius). In particular the genus Barbonymus, containing the Tinfoil Barb and its relatives, – for some time included in Puntius – appears to be a kind of carp that has evolved convergently with barbs.[2]

Contents

[edit] Description

Tiger Barb (P. tetrazona), one of the high-backed species

Fishes of the genus Puntius are found in Southeast Asia and India, including Sri Lanka. The maximum size for an adult of this genus is less than 25 cm (10 in), typically 15 cm (6 in), and many species only achieve around 5 cm (2 in) adult length. In appearance they may resemble miniature carp and are often brightly coloured or patterned. Those species of the Puntius conchonius (Rosy Barb) subgroup[3] are notably high-bodied.

These fishes are omnivorous; their diet includes small invertebrates and plant matter. Breeding is by egg scattering and takes place close to the bottom, near or within areas of dense plant growth. They do not show parental care, and adults may eat the young.

[edit] In the aquarium

The "Bright Barb" is a breed of the Rosy Barb (P. conchonius) with little or no melanins

These small tropical barbs are commonly kept as inhabitants of a warm water aquarium, and many species are commercially available. Breeds with elongated fins or differing colors have been produced of some of the more extensively traded species. Puntius barbs are easy to feed, taking a wide variety of foods including dried food. Note that these inquisitive fish are active and unafraid, and many species have a reputation as "fin-nippers". These are unsuitable for aquaria with slow-moving, long-finned species.

Commonly-kept Puntius species include:[4]

[edit] Species

There are about 140 species in the genus Puntius; new ones are described every few months on average:[6]

Spotted Barb, P. binotatus
Wild-type Rosy Barb, P. conchonius
Blackspot Barb (P. filamentosus) habitus drawing
Redline Torpedo Barb, P. denisonii
Spanner Barb, P. lateristriga
Checker Barb, P. oligolepis
Pentazona Barb, P. pentazona
Olive Barb, P. sarana
Green Barb, P. semifasciolatus
Male Cherry Barb, P. titteya

The following species is placed here as not all authors recognize the validity of Systomus, rather placing it in synonymy with Puntius. Species shall be placed properly once taxonomic considerations are settled.

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ FishBase (2006)
  2. ^ de Graaf 'et al. (2007); see Haaramo (2008a) for additional sources
  3. ^ See Haaramo (2008b)
  4. ^ Lambert (1997): p.14, Mills (2002)
  5. ^ Sometimes called "Puntius odessae" or similar nomina nuda in error. May be related to P. didi, P. tiantian or P. manipurensis.
  6. ^ See Haaramo (2008b), FishBase [2009]
  7. ^ Krishna Kumar, K., Benno Pereira, F.G. & Radhakrishnan, K.V. (2012): Puntius madhusoodani (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of barb from Manimala River, Kerala, South India. Biosystematica, 5 (2) [2011]: 31-37.
  8. ^ Kottelat, M. & Tan, H.H. (2011): Systomus xouthos, a new cyprinid fish from Borneo, and revalidation of Puntius pulcher (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22 (3): 209-214.

[edit] References

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Puntius
  1. http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/jnlpdf.php?cdjournal=pjab1977&cdvol=53&noissue=6&startpage=231&lang=en&from=jnltoc
  2. http://www.journalarchive.jst.go.jp/jnlpdf.php?cdjournal=pjab1977&cdvol=53&noissue=7&startpage=282&lang=en&from=jnltoc
  3. http://www.wdc-jp.biz/pdf_store/isj/publication/pdf/25/251/25101.pdf
  4. Puntius stoliczkanus http://nels.nii.ac.jp/els/contents_disp.php?id=ART0006479298&type=pdf&lang=en&host=cinii&order_no=Z00000014593846&ppv_type=0&lang_sw=&no=1203405309&cp=
  5. Puntius phylogenetic tree http://www.bmnh.org/PDFs/FB_04_Science.pdf
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