Pylons (Web framework)
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| Developer(s) | Ben Bangert, James Gardner |
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| Initial release | September 2005[1] |
| Stable release | 1.2 / September 12, 2011 |
| Written in | Python |
| Operating system | Cross-platform |
| Type | Web application framework |
| License | BSD License |
| Website | www.pylonsproject.org |
Pylons is an open source Web application framework written in Python. It makes extensive use of the Web Server Gateway Interface standard to promote reusability and to separate functionality into distinct modules. It is strongly influenced by Ruby on Rails: two of its main components, Routes and WebHelpers, are Python reimplementations of Rails features.
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[edit] Structure
Pylons is well-known for having a near-complete stack of third-party tools, eschewing definitively the "not–invented–here" phenomenon.
[edit] Installation, dependencies, and setup
The official installation method of Pylons is through EasyInstall via the Python Package Index (pypi), and most of the additional tools are typically installed the same way. EasyInstall also handles package dependencies when relevant. Some distributions could also package Pylons and Paste, but it is likely that any distribution's packages would lag the official distribution. Pylons may also be installed by hand by renaming its .egg file to .zip and extracting the contents.
Paste is used for project setup, testing, and deployment. Using the common INI configuration format, Paste allows for multiple "profiles", so that developers can run development and deployment setups from the same codebase without revealing sensitive parts of Pylons, such as the interactive debugger, to production users.
[edit] URL dispatch
Currently the only widely used URL dispatcher for Pylons is Routes, a Python reimplementation of Ruby on Rails' URL dispatching, although any WSGI-compatible URL dispatcher can be used. While Routes is a separate library, it was developed for use in Pylons and its development remains closely in sync with Pylons.
[edit] HTML generation
Another piece of Rails adapted for Pylons is WebHelpers, which provides URL mapping based on the Routes configuration. WebHelpers also provides some utility functions for generating JavaScript code making use of the script.aculo.us and Prototype libraries.
FormEncode and FormBuild are used for HTML form validation and generation; there has been some use of Mako for form generation using Mako's inheritance model.
[edit] Templating
Myghty was the default Pylons templating language, but as of version 0.9.6 it has been replaced by Mako.[2] Both templating languages are text-based (as opposed to XML-based), and support includes, inheritance and embedding arbitrary Python code.
Because of Pylons' loosely coupled layers, other templating languages can be used as well. Genshi, an XML-based templating language, can be used in lieu of either Mako or Myghty.[3]
[edit] Database abstraction and object-relational mapping
Pylons has no default database library. Both SQLObject and SQLAlchemy are known to be used.
[edit] Merger with repoze.bfg and Birth of Pyramid Web Framework
Pylons has developed into the Pylons Project, and the old code from Pylons 1.0 is being supported indefinitely. However, pursuant to the project's merger with repoze.bfg since November 2010, newer versions of Pylons are actually different from the original Pylons 1.0. Pylons developers initially planned to rewrite certain portions of the code but they observed that the new code was approximating to repoze.bfg, which led the merger of Pylons and repoze.bfg.[4] [5] This led to repoze.bfg (a part of the Repoze Python-based web framework) to become rebranded and relaunched as the Pyramid web framework.[6]
[edit] See also
- Comparison of Web application frameworks
- Pyramid
- TurboGears - a derivative project, built on top of Pylons
- Django
[edit] References
- The Pylons Book. Apress. January 25, 2009. doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-0534-0. ISBN 978-1-59059-934-1. http://pylonsbook.com/. Retrieved 2009-04-08.
- ^ History of Pylons
- ^ Haas, Christoph Beginning Pylons. Retrieved July 5, 2007
- ^ Genshi Wiki Pylons with Genshi Retrieved July 5, 2007
- ^ Pylons Project FAQ. URL: http://docs.pylonsproject.org/en/latest/faq/pylonsproject.html#what-does-the-pylons-project-mean-for-pylons-the-web-framework
- ^ Notes on the Pylons and repoze.bfg merger. URL: http://be.groovie.org/post/1558848023/notes-on-the-pylons-repoze-bfg-merger
- ^ About Pyramid. URL: http://www.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/about
[edit] External links
- Pylons Project home page, retrieved on 25th November 2011
- Pylons Project FAQ
- Pylons Project home page
- Pylons Wiki
- pylons-discuss on Google Groups
- Sites using Pylons
- Pylons Historical Timeline
Packages used by the default Pylons installation, or popular additions:
- Mako - Default templating engine for Pylons
- Myghty - URL Dispatch, Controllers, Caching, Templating and more
- Python Paste - Project setup, testing, and deployment
- WebOb - Request and Response objects
- EasyInstall - Installation and package dependencies
- Routes - Routing implementation based on Rails routes
- FormEncode - Validation and form generation
- WebHelpers - HTML Helper functions
- SQLAlchemy - Object Relational Mapper
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