Qadi Ayyad
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Qadi Ayyad ibn Musa (1083–1149) (Arabic: القاضي عياض بن موسى, in French transliteration Qadi Iyad) or Abu al-Fadl Ayyad ibn Amr ibn Musa ibn Ayyad ibn Muhammad ibn Abdillah ibn Musa ibn Ayyad al-Yahsubi al-Sabti (أبو الفضل عياض بن موسى بن عياض بن عمرو بن موسى بن عياض بن محمد بن عبد الله بن موسى بن عياض اليحصبي السبتي ) born in Ceuta,[1] then belonging to the Almoravid Empire, was the great imam of that city and, later, a high judge (qadi) in Granada.
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Biography [edit]
He headed a revolt against the coming of the Almohades to Ceuta, but lost and was banished to Tadla and later Marrakech. He was a pupil of Abu Abdillah ibn Isa, Abu Abdillah ibn Hamdin and Abu al-Hassan ibn Siraj, and was a teacher of Averroes and Ibn Maḍāʾ.
He died in 1149.[2] Because he refused to acknowledge Ibn Tumart as the awaited Mahdi, Qadi Ayyad was executed with a spear and his body subsequently cut to pieces.
Cadi Ayyad University, also known as the University of Marrakech, was named after him. Qadi Ayyad is also well-known as one of the seven saints of Marrakech and is buried near Bab Aïlen.
Works [edit]
He was one of the most famous scholars of Maliki law and author of the well-known Ash-Shifa on the virtues of the prophet and Tartib al-mardarik wa-taqrib al-masalik li-marifat alam madhab Malik, a collection of biographies of eminent Malikis, a.o. Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi.[3] Qadi `Iyad's other well known works include:
- Ikmal al-mu`lim bi fawa'id Muslim, a famous commentary on Sahih Muslim which transmitted and expanded upon al-Maziri's own commentary, al-Mu`lim bi-fawa'id Muslim. Qadi `Iyad's own commentary was utilised and expounded upon heavily by Al-Nawawi in his own commentary of Sahih Muslim]].
- Bughya al-ra'i lima Tadmanahu Hadith Umm Zara` min al-Fawa'id, published with Tafsir nafs al-Hadith by Al-Suyuti.
- al-I`lam bi Hudud Qawa'id al-Islam, written on the five pillars of Islam.
- al-Ilma` ila Ma`rifa Usul al-Riwaya wa Taqyid al-Sama`, a detailed work on the science of Hadith.
- Mashariq al-Anwar `ala Sahih al-Athar, based on al-Muwatta of Malik ibn Anas, Sahih Al-Bukhari of Imam Bukhari and Sahih Muslim by Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj.
- al-Tanbihat al-Mustanbata `ala al-kutub al-Mudawwana wa al-Mukhtalata.
References [edit]
- ^ J. F. P. Hopkins, Nehemia Levtzion, Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, p.101,
- ^ "Ibn Mada’(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-) Ibn Mada’(Ahmad ibn Abdul Rahman-)".
- ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam. New Edition. Brill Publishers, Leiden. Bd. 4, S. 289
Bibliography [edit]
- Dictionnaire historique de l'islam, de Janine Sourdel et Dominique Sourdel, édition PUF.
- Ahmad al Maqqari al Tilimsani, Azhar al Riyad fi Akhbar al Qadi 'Ayyad (biography and works of Qadi Ayyad), 5 volumes
- "Qadi Iyad's Rebellion against the Almohads in Sabtah (A. H. 542-543/A. D. 1147-1148) New Numismatic Evidence", by Hanna E. Kassis, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 103, No. 3 (Jul.–Sep., 1983), pp. 504–514
External links [edit]
- Islamophile.org, extensive article on his life and work, in French
- His grave, the Koubba Cadi Ayyad, near Bab Aylen in Marrakesh [1]
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