Qalam
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This article is about the writing instrument. For the sura of the Qur'an, see Al-Qalam.
A qalam (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: قلم, Hindi: क़लम) is a type of pen made from a dried reed, used for Islamic calligraphy. The word derives from the Greek word κάλαμος, meaning reed. In modern Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Kurdish, the word simply means "pen" or "pencil", while in Hindi and Urdu, the word solely means "pen". It is also the name of a system of Arabic transliteration, suggested in 1985. [1] Qalam occurs several times in the holy book of the Muslims, the Koran, and even one whole Sura of the Koran, Sura 68, is called Al-Qalam.
[edit] Qalam transliteration
| Arabic letters | ا | ب | ت | ث | ج | ح | خ | د | ذ | ر | ز | س | ش | ص | ض | ط | ظ | ع | غ | ف | ق | ك | ل | م | ن | ه | و | ي / ى[1] |
| DIN 31635 | ʾ / ā | b | t | ṯ | ǧ | ḥ | ḫ | d | ḏ | r | z | s | š | ṣ | ḍ | ṭ | ẓ | ʿ | ġ | f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w / ū | y / ī |
| Buckwalter | A | v | j | H | x | * | $ | S | D | T | Z | E | g | w | y | |||||||||||||
| Qalam | ' / aa | th | kh | dh | sh | ` | gh | |||||||||||||||||||||
| BATR | A / aa | c | K | z' | x | E | g | w / uu | y / ii | |||||||||||||||||||
| IPA (MSA) | ʔ, aː | b | t | θ | dʒ ɡ ʒ |
ħ | x χ |
d | ð | r | z | s | ʃ | sˤ | dˤ | tˤ | ðˤ zˤ |
ʕ | ɣ ʁ |
f | q | k | l | m | n | h | w, uː | j, iː |
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
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