Richard Walther Darré

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Richard Walther Darré
Reich Minister of Food
In office 1933 – 1942
Chancellor	Adolf Hitler
Preceded by	Alfred Hugenberg
Succeeded by	Herbert Backe
Born	14 July 1895(1895-07-14) Buenos Aires, Argentina
Died	5 September 1953 (aged 58) Munich, West Germany
Birth name	Ricardo Walther Oscar Darré
Nationality	German
Political party	Nazi
Spouse(s)	Alma Staadt (div.) Charlotte Freiin von Vittinghoff-Schell
Alma mater	University of Halle
Cabinet	Hitler
Religion	Paganist

Richard Walther Darré (born Ricardo Walther Oscar Darré, 14 July 1895 - 5 September 1953) was an SS-Obergruppenführer and one of the leading Nazi ‘blood and soil’ (German Blut und Boden) ideologists. He served as Reich Minister of Food and Agriculture from 1933 to 1942.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Political awakening 3 As a Nazi Party member 4 After the War 5 Works 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

[edit] Early life

Darré was born in Belgrano^[1] a Buenos Aires neighbourhood, in Argentina to Richard Oscar Darré (born 10 March 1854, Berlin; died 20 February 1929, Wiesbaden)^[2][3] and the half-Swedish/half-German Emilia Berta Eleonore, née Lagergren (born 23 July 1872, Buenos Aires; died 20 July 1936, Bad Pyrmont). His father moved to Argentina in 1888 as a partner of the German international import/export wholesaler Engelbert Hardt & Co.^[2]. Although his parents' marriage was not a happy one (according to Richard Walther, his father was a hard drinker and womanizer^[4]), they lived prosperously, and educated their children privately until they were forced to return to Germany as a result of worsening international relations in the years preceding the Great War. Darré's personal upbringing was broad enough to allow him to gain fluency in four languages: Spanish, German, English, and French.

Darré's parents sent him to Germany at age nine to attend school in Heidelberg; in 1911 he was sent as an exchange pupil to King's College School in Wimbledon. The rest of the family returned to Germany in 1912. Richard (as he was known in the family) then spent two years at the Oberrealschule in Gummersbach, followed in early 1914 by the German Colonial School at Witzenhausen, south of Göttingen, where his interest in farming was awakened.

After a single term at Witzenhausen, he volunteered for army service. He was lightly wounded a number of times while serving during World War I, but fared better than most of his contemporaries.

When the war ended he contemplated returning to Argentina for a life of farming, but the family's weakening financial position during the years of inflation made this impossible. Instead he returned to Witzenhausen to continue his studies. He then obtained unpaid work as a farm assistant in Pomerania: his observation of the treatment of returning German soldiers there influenced his later writings.

In 1922 he moved to the University of Halle to continue his studies: here he took an agricultural degree, specialising in animal breeding. He did not complete his PhD studies until 1929, at the comparatively mature age of 34. During these years he spent some time working in East Prussia and Finland.

He was married twice. In 1922 he married Alma Staadt^[5], a schoolfriend of his sister Ilse. He divorced Alma in 1927, and subsequently married Charlotte Freiin von Vittinghoff-Schell, who survived him. The first marriage produced two daughters.

[edit] Political awakening

As a young man in Germany, Darré initially joined the Artamans, a Volkish youth group who were committed to returning to the land. It was against this backdrop that Darré began to develop the idea that the future of the "Nordic race" was linked to the soil in what came to be known as "Blut und Boden". Here "Blut" (blood) represents race or ancestry, while "Boden" can be translated as soil, territory, or land. The essence of the theory was the mutual and long-term relationship between a people and the land that it occupies and cultivates.

His first political article in 1926 was on the subject of Internal Colonisation, which argued against Germany attempting to regain lost colonies. Most of his writing at this time, however, was on technical aspects of animal breeding.

His first book, Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der nordischen Rasse ('Peasantry as the life-source of the Nordic Race'), was written in 1928. He advocated more natural methods of land management, placing great emphasis on the conservation of forests, and demanded more open space and air in the raising of farm animals. Amongst those who heard and were impressed by these arguments was Heinrich Himmler, himself one of the Artamans.

"In his two major works, he defined the German peasantry as a homogeneous racial group of Nordic antecedents, who formed the cultural and racial core of the German nation. [..] Since the Nordic birth-rate was lower than that of other races, the Nordic race was under a long-term threat of extinction."^[6]

[edit] As a Nazi Party member

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Darré went on to become an active Nazi and in the summer of 1930 he set up an agrarian political apparatus to recruit farmers into the NSDAP. Darré saw three main roles for this apparatus: to exploit unrest in the countryside as a weapon against the urban government; to win over the peasants as staunch Nazi supporters; to gain a constituency of people who could be used as settlers to displace the Slavs in future conquests in the East. In all he was fairly successful in turning the countryside to National Socialism.^{[citation needed]}

In his religious views, Dárre would belong to the paganist fraction within the Nazi movement (see: Religious aspects of Nazism); however, unlike Heinrich Himmler and Alfred Rosenberg, he has not become a figure of interest in the speculation about Nazi occultism. ^[7] In her biography of him, Anna Bramwell also looks at Darre's involvement in certain Nordic circles.^{[citation needed]}

Darré's works were primarily concerned with the ancient and present Nordic peasantry (the ideology of Blood and soil), however, within this context, he made an explicit attack against Christianity. In his two main works (Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der Nordischen Rasse, Munich, 1927 and Neuadel aus Blut und Boden, Munich, 1930), Darré accused Christianity, with its "teaching of the equality of men before God," to have "deprived the Teutonic nobility of its moral foundations", the "innate sense of superiority over the nomadic tribes".^[8]

Soon after the Nazis had come to power, Darré became the Reichsminister of Food and Agriculture, Director of the Race and Settlement Office ('Rasse- und Siedlungshauptamt' or RuSHA), and Reichsbauernführer (usually translated as Reich Peasant Leader, though the word Bauer also denotes Farmer), serving from June 1933 to May 1942. He campaigned for big landowners to part with some of their land to create new farms, and promoted the controversial Erbhofgesetz, which reformed the inheritance laws to prevent splitting up of farms into smaller units. He was also instrumental in reclaiming land from the North Sea.^{[citation needed]}

He played a leading part in setting up the SS Race and Resettlement Office (where he later received the nickname Crazyknight^{[citation needed]}), a fiercely racist, anti-Semitic organization. He developed a plan for "Rasse und Raum" ("race and space", or territory) which provided the ideological background for the Nazi expansive policy on behalf of the "Drang nach Osten" ("Drive to the east") and of the "Lebensraum" ("Living space") theory expounded in Mein Kampf. Darré strongly influenced SS-Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler in his goal to create a German racial aristocracy based on selective breeding. The Nazi policies of eugenics would lead to the annihilation of millions of non-Germans. Himmler would later break with Darré, whom he saw as too theoretical. Darré was generally on bad terms with Hjalmar Schacht, particularly as Germany suffered poor harvests in the mid 1930s.^{[citation needed]}

Darré resigned in 1942, ostensibly on health grounds, but in reality because he disputed an order from Hitler to reduce rations in the labour camps.^{[citation needed]}

[edit] After the War

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Darré was arrested in 1945 and tried at the subsequent Nuremberg Trials (specifically, the Ministries Trial, 1947-49). He was acquitted on many of the more serious charges against him, specifically those relating to genocide; but was nevertheless sentenced to seven years in prison. He was released in 1950 and died in Munich on 5 September 1953 of cancer of the liver, induced by alcoholism.

Darré's writings have proven fairly influential on those modern-day extremists who also believe in the decadence of urban life and the nobility of self-sufficiency. His two main writings were Das Bauerntum als Lebensquell der nordischen Rasse (1928) and Neuadel aus Blut und Boden (1934), translated into English as "The Peasantry as Life Source of the Nordic Race" and "A New Nobility of Blood and Soil" respectively.

[edit] Works

• Peasantry as Life-Source of the German Race (1928)
• New Nobility from Blood and Soil (1929)
• Pig as Criterion for Nordic Peoples and Semites (1933)

[edit] References

• Blood and Soil: Richard Walther Darré and Hitler's "Green Party" by Anna Bramwell (Kensal Press, 1985, ISBN 0946041334)
• Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, (1991, ISBN 0130893013)
• The Plough and the Swastika: The NSDAP and Agriculture in Germany, 1928-45 by J.E. Farquharson (London, 1976, reprinted by Landpost Pr, 1992, ISBN 1880881039)

[edit] See also

• Hunger Plan
• Nazism and race

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Walter Richard Darré

• Das Erbhofgesetz (German)
• Review of Anna Bramwell's biography of Darré, Blood and Soil
• Quotation of speech
• Neuordnung unseres Denkens "New Order of Our Thought" by Richard Walther Darré at archive.org
• Blut und Boden - Ein Grundgedanke des Nationalsozialismus "Blood and Soil - A Basic Tenet of National Socialism" by Richard Walther Darré at archive.org

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Richard Walther Darré

Political offices
Preceded by Alfred Hugenberg	Minister of Food 1933–1942	Succeeded by Herbert Backe

v • d • e Members of Hitler's cabinet (30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945) Adolf Hitler (Chancellor and Führer) · Heinrich Himmler (Reichsführer) Franz von Papen (ind) · Hermann Göring · Konstantin von Neurath · Joachim von Ribbentrop · Martin Bormann · Joseph Goebbels · Wilhelm Frick · Rudolf Hess · Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (ind) · Alfred Hugenberg (DNVP) · Kurt Schmitt · Hjalmar Schacht (ind) · Walther Funk · Franz Seldte · Franz Gürtner (DNVP) · Franz Schlegelberger · Otto Georg Thierack · Werner von Blomberg (ind) · Wilhelm Keitel (ind) · Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach (ind) · Julius Dorpmüller · Wilhelm Ohnesorge · Richard Walther Darré · Herbert Backe · Bernhard Rust · Fritz Todt · Albert Speer · Alfred Rosenberg · Hanns Kerrl · Hermann Muhs · Otto Meißner (ind) · Hans Lammers · Karl Hermann Frank · Ernst Röhm All personnel were or became NSDAP members except where indicated ("ind" = nominally independent)