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R68 (New York City Subway car)

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R68
An R68 train on the D at 18th Avenue
Interior of an R68 car
In service1986–present
ManufacturerWestinghouse-Amrail Company (aka Francorail):
Westinghouse, ANF Industrie (all cars)
Jeumont Schneider (2500–2724)
Alsthom (2725–2924)
Family nameSMEE
Replaced
Constructed1986–1988
Entered service
  • April 13, 1986 (revenue service testing)
  • June 20, 1986
(official service)
Number built425
Number in service425 (356 in revenue service during rush hours)
Formation2500–2915 (416 cars) are linked into 4 car units
2916–2924 (9 cars) remain as single units with OPTO switches added
Fleet numbers2500–2924
Capacity70 (seated)
OperatorsNew York City Subway
DepotsConcourse Yard (268 cars)
Coney Island Yard (157 cars)[1][2]
Service(s) assigned"B" train "D" train "N" train "Q" train "W" train Franklin Avenue Shuttle[3][4]
As of June 30, 2024
Specifications
Car body constructionStainless steel with fiberglass end bonnets
Train length2 car train: 150 feet (46 m)
4 car train: 300 feet (91 m)
8 car train: 600 feet (180 m)
Car length74 ft 8.5 in (22.77 m) (over anticlimbers)
Width10 ft (3,048 mm) (over threshold)
Height12.08 ft (3,682 mm)
Platform height3.76 ft (1.15 m)
Doors8 sets of 50 inch wide side doors per car
Maximum speed55 mph (89 km/h)
Weight92,720 lb (42,057 kilograms)
Traction systemE-Cam control (Adtranz)
Traction motors115 hp (85.8 kW) 1447J DC motor (Westinghouse)
Acceleration2.5 mph/s (4.0 km/(h⋅s))
Deceleration3.0 mph/s (4.8 km/(h⋅s)) (full service)
3.2 mph/s (5.1 km/(h⋅s)) (emergency)
Electric system(s)600 V DC third rail
Current collector(s)Contact shoe
Braking system(s)New York Air Braking (NYAB) GSX23 Newtran "SMEE" braking system, NYAB tread brake rigging model TBU190
Safety system(s)dead man's switch, tripcock
Coupling systemWestinghouse H2C
Headlight typehalogen light bulbs
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The R68 is a B Division New York City Subway car order consisting of 425 cars built by the Westinghouse-Amrail Company (aka Francorail), a joint venture of Westinghouse, ANF Industrie, Jeumont Schneider, and Alsthom. The cars were built in France from 1986 to 1988 and shipped through New York Harbor. Of the cars in the fleet, 416 are arranged in four-car sets while the other nine are single cars.

The R68 was the third R-type contract to be built with 75-foot (22.86 m) cars (the previous two being the R44 and R46). The first R68 train entered service on June 20, 1986. The R68's manufacturers suffered from significant system integration problems, and the fleet became known as a "lemon" in its early years, but its performance was improved following modifications by the New York City Transit Authority. In the 2010s, a small number of R68s received experimental upgrades.

Description

The R68 was the third R-type contract to be built with 75-foot (22.86 m) cars (the previous two being the R44 and R46), which have more room for sitting and standing passengers per car than the 60-foot (18.29 m) cars that were used previously and afterward. Like the R44s and R46s, which are also 75 feet long, they are prohibited from running on the BMT Eastern Division lines (J, L, M & Z trains) because of tight curves. This order was evolved from the R55,[5] a proposed car that was considered in the early 1980s, but never left the drawing board, or purchased due to a lack of funding. Instead, more attention was paid to replacing the R12, R14, R15, and R17 fleets of the A Division, which were over 30 years old and worn-out at the time.

The cars, numbered 2500–2924, cost about $1 million each. They replaced many R10s dating from 1948, all remaining 6300-series R16s dating from 1954 to 1955, and some R27s and R30s dating from 1960 to 1962. The cars are built with stainless steel, and are graffiti-resistant.[6]

The R68s are currently based in the Concourse Yard in the Bronx and the Coney Island Complex in Brooklyn and assigned to the B, D, N, Q, W, and Franklin Avenue Shuttle. As built, the R68s were originally single units, with a full-width cab on one end and a half-width cab on the other end. The R68s on the shuttle remain as single units with OPTO switches added, while the rest of the fleet were reconfigured into sets of four.

History

On October 15, 1982, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority announced that it would purchase 225 cars from Westinghouse-Amrail. The cars were built in France from 1986 to 1988 and shipped through New York Harbor. The first of the 225 cars were initially scheduled to arrive in January 1985, with the entire order complete in May 1986. The projected cost of the order was $210 million, or about $933,000 per car.[6]

The delivery of the first R68 was made on February 4, 1986, but it failed to pass a sharp curve on the South Brooklyn Railway trackage on 38th Street in Brooklyn, and as a result, the curve had to be rebuilt and the radius eased somewhat, and the delivery took place on February 26, 1986. The 30-day acceptance test for the R68s began on the Brighton Line on April 13, 1986. The R68s' first entry to revenue service was on June 20, 1986, on the Brooklyn half of the divided D train with the first fleet consisting of cars 2500–2507.[7] There were two contracts to supply the R68 fleet. The primary order consisted of cars 2500–2724, while the option order consisted of cars 2725–2924. The R68, therefore, became the first subway fleet to have an option order.

Initial problems

The R68's manufacturers suffered from significant system integration problems. Poor communication and coordination between the car body builder (ANF Industrie) and the chassis assembler (Westinghouse) led to operational failures. Due to this, the R68s became known as a "lemon". During the beginning of service, the R68s had problems with malfunctioning doors, faulty wiring, electrical controls that suddenly lost power, and malfunctioning air brakes. In addition, the fleet had a high breakdown rate.[8] Another problem occurred on November 11, 1986, when a train of R68s failed to climb the grade on the Manhattan Bridge. However, extensive work performed by the New York City Transit Authority provided solutions to the fleet's many problems.[9]

The MTA was given a second option order of an additional 200 subway cars from Westinghouse-Amrail. However, due to problems from the manufacturer, the MTA awarded it to Kawasaki.[9] Westinghouse-Amrail offered to have the 200 cars built for $1,012,000 each, while Kawasaki agreed to have them built for $958,000 per car. This order became the R68A.[8]

Replacement and equipment tests

The R68s are scheduled to remain in service until at least 2025–2030.[10] In 2010, the MTA proposed mid-life technological upgrades for the R68s, including LED destination signs and automated announcements.[11][12]

LED lights were tested on cars 2860–2867. LED lights, door chimes (similar to those on the R142, R142A, and R179), and PA systems were tested on 2892–2895. Public Address and Intercom, LED displays, LCD displays, and CCTV, as well as Train Operator displays, were tested on cars 2844 and 2846. Display screens were tested on cars 2804–2807. LED lights and surveillance cameras were tested on 2792–2795. Each program gave out the date and time, and all retrofitted cars ran on the G.[13] However, none of the displays indicated the next stops along the routes.[14] All the upgrades were later removed, and it is unlikely that further technological improvements will be implemented in the near future.[11]

In 2021, car 2860 received a newer LED signage and CCTV system from Suzhou Huaqi Intelligent Technology, but the entire consist was pulled from service on April 22, 2021, due to concerns over Suzhou Huaqi's ties to the Chinese government.[15]

See also

Notes and references

Notes

References

  1. ^ "Car Assignments: Cars Required June 30, 2024" (PDF). The Bulletin. 67 (7). Electric Railroaders' Association. July 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  2. ^
    • 'Subdivision 'A' Car Assignment Effective December 19, 2021'. New York City Transit, Operations Planning. December 17, 2021.
    • 'Subdivision 'B' Car Assignment Effective December 19, 2021'. New York City Transit, Operations Planning. December 17, 2021.
  3. ^ "Car Assignments: Cars Required June 30, 2024" (PDF). The Bulletin. 67 (7). Electric Railroaders' Association. July 2024. Retrieved July 26, 2024.
  4. ^ 'Subdivision B Car Assignment Effective June 30, 2024'. New York City Transit, Operations Planning. June 30, 2024.
  5. ^ "Roster Summary By Type". Retrieved August 25, 2009.
  6. ^ a b Goldman, Ari L. (October 15, 1982). "FRENCH-U.S. CONCERN GRANTED M.T.A. PACT FOR 225 SUBWAY CARS". New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  7. ^ "www.nycsubway.org: The New York Transit Authority in the 1980s". www.nycsubway.org. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  8. ^ a b Levine, Richard (March 13, 1987). "M.T.A. PICKS NEW SUBWAY CARS FROM JAPAN OVER A CONSORTIUM". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  9. ^ a b Levine, Richard (February 24, 1987). "Transit Authority Is Critical of its Newest Subway Cars". New York Times. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  10. ^ MTA Capital Program Oversight Committee Hearing, June 2010 (page 20) Archived 2010-11-25 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ a b Request For Information No. 9003 | Integrated Communications System on NYCT R62/R62A and R68/R68A Class Rail Cars
  12. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (2011-06-16). "Transit Agency Weighs Digital Upgrade for Subway Cars". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
  13. ^ Rivoli, Dan (July 26, 2016). "G trains will be used to test new digital screens". New York Daily News. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  14. ^ "New Digital Signs on Some G Trains Will Display Date and Time". DNAinfo New York. Archived from the original on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-07-29.
  15. ^ Guse, Clayton. "MTA pulls security cameras from NYC subway train due to vendor's ties to Chinese facial recognition company". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 2021-04-23.

Further reading

  • Sansone, Gene. Evolution of New York City subways: An illustrated history of New York City's transit cars, 1867-1997. New York Transit Museum Press,New York, 1997 ISBN 978-0-9637492-8-4

Media related to R68 (New York City Subway car) at Wikimedia Commons

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