RAD21

RAD21 homolog (S. pombe)
Identifiers
Symbols	RAD21; FLJ25655; FLJ40596; HR21; HRAD21; KIAA0078; MCD1; NXP1; SCC1; hHR21
External IDs	OMIM: 606462 MGI: 108016 HomoloGene: 38161 GeneCards: RAD21 Gene
Gene Ontology Molecular function • protein binding Cellular component • nuclear chromosome • chromosome, centromeric region • nucleus • nucleoplasm • nucleolus • cohesin complex Biological process • M phase of mitotic cell cycle • mitotic prometaphase • mitotic cell cycle • double-strand break repair • DNA recombination • regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter • apoptosis • chromosome segregation • mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition • reciprocal meiotic recombination • cell division • protein localization to chromatin Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5885	19357
Ensembl	ENSG00000164754	ENSMUSG00000022314
UniProt	O60216	Q3TG35
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_006265	NM_009009.4
RefSeq (protein)	NP_006256	NP_033035.3
Location (UCSC)	Chr 8: 117.86 – 117.89 Mb	Chr 15: 51.79 – 51.82 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAD21 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad21, a gene involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks, as well as in chromatid cohesion during mitosis. This protein is a nuclear phospho-protein, which becomes hyperphosphorylated in cell cycle M phase. The highly regulated association of this protein with mitotic chromatin specifically at the centromere region suggests its role in sister chromatid cohesion in mitotic cells.

Interactions

RAD21 has been shown to interact with SMARCA5.

Further reading

• Nomura N, Nagase T, Miyajima N, et al. (1995). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1". DNA Res. 1 (5): 223–9. doi:10.1093/dnares/1.5.223. PMID 7584044. 
• Parisi S, McKay MJ, Molnar M, et al. (1999). "Rec8p, a Meiotic Recombination and Sister Chromatid Cohesion Phosphoprotein of the Rad21p Family Conserved from Fission Yeast to Humans". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (5): 3515–28. PMC 84144. PMID 10207075. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=84144. 
• Sadano H, Sugimoto H, Sakai F, et al. (2000). "NXP-1, a human protein related to Rad21/Scc1/Mcd1, is a component of the nuclear matrix". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (1): 418–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.1969. PMID 10623634. 
• Losada A, Yokochi T, Kobayashi R, Hirano T (2000). "Identification and Characterization of Sa/Scc3p Subunits in the Xenopus and Human Cohesin Complexes". J. Cell Biol. 150 (3): 405–16. doi:10.1083/jcb.150.3.405. PMC 2175199. PMID 10931856. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2175199. 
• Hoque MT, Ishikawa F (2001). "Human chromatid cohesin component hRad21 is phosphorylated in M phase and associated with metaphase centromeres". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (7): 5059–67. doi:10.1074/jbc.M007809200. PMID 11073952. 
• Sumara I, Vorlaufer E, Gieffers C, et al. (2000). "Characterization of Vertebrate Cohesin Complexes and Their Regulation in Prophase". J. Cell Biol. 151 (4): 749–62. doi:10.1083/jcb.151.4.749. PMC 2169443. PMID 11076961. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2169443. 
• Sook Kim M, Hyen Baek J, Bae MK, Kim KW (2001). "Human rad21 gene, hHR21(SP), is downregulated by hypoxia in human tumor cells". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 281 (5): 1106–12. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.4488. PMID 11243849. 
• Severin DM, Leong T, Cassidy B, et al. (2001). "Novel DNA sequence variants in the hHR21 DNA repair gene in radiosensitive cancer patients". Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 50 (5): 1323–31. doi:10.1016/S0360-3016(01)01608-X. PMID 11483345. 
• Hauf S, Waizenegger IC, Peters JM (2001). "Cohesin cleavage by separase required for anaphase and cytokinesis in human cells". Science 293 (5533): 1320–3. doi:10.1126/science.1061376. PMID 11509732. 
• Gregson HC, Schmiesing JA, Kim JS, et al. (2002). "A potential role for human cohesin in mitotic spindle aster assembly". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (50): 47575–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103364200. PMID 11590136. 
• Deng Y, Li S, Li X, Magali T (2002). "Expression of hHR21sp gene by peripheral blood and hematopoietic cells of normal subjects and Fanconi anemia patients". Chin. Med. J. 114 (12): 1295–9. PMID 11793857. 
• Chen F, Kamradt M, Mulcahy M, et al. (2002). "Caspase proteolysis of the cohesin component RAD21 promotes apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (19): 16775–81. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201322200. PMID 11875078. 
• Prieto I, Pezzi N, Buesa JM, et al. (2003). "STAG2 and Rad21 mammalian mitotic cohesins are implicated in meiosis". EMBO Rep. 3 (6): 543–50. doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf108. PMC 1084142. PMID 12034751. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1084142. 
• Hakimi MA, Bochar DA, Schmiesing JA, et al. (2002). "A chromatin remodelling complex that loads cohesin onto human chromosomes". Nature 418 (6901): 994–8. doi:10.1038/nature01024. PMID 12198550. 
• Hoque MT, Ishikawa F (2003). "Cohesin defects lead to premature sister chromatid separation, kinetochore dysfunction, and spindle-assembly checkpoint activation". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (44): 42306–14. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206836200. PMID 12200439. 
• Pati D, Zhang N, Plon SE (2003). "Linking Sister Chromatid Cohesion and Apoptosis: Role of Rad21". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (23): 8267–77. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.23.8267-8277.2002. PMC 134054. PMID 12417729. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=134054. 
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241. 
• Chestukhin A, Pfeffer C, Milligan S, et al. (2003). "Processing, localization, and requirement of human separase for normal anaphase progression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (8): 4574–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0730733100. PMC 153597. PMID 12672959. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=153597. 
• Porkka KP, Tammela TL, Vessella RL, Visakorpi T (2004). "RAD21 and KIAA0196 at 8q24 are amplified and overexpressed in prostate cancer". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 39 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/gcc.10289. PMID 14603436. 

External links

• FactorBook Rad21