Rafael de Nogales Méndez
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Rafael Inchauspe Méndez, known as Rafael de Nogales Méndez (San Cristóbal,Táchira, October 14, 1879 - Panama City, July 10, 1936) was a Venezuelan soldier, adventurer and writer. He travelled extensively and fought in many of the wars of his age.
When a young man his father sent him to study in Europe and he attended to Universities in Germany, Belgium and Spain, and spoke various languages fluently. Despite this education, Nogales felt more attracted to the military profession and he began to travel where the news of a war took him. He took part in several conflicts in the last part of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th: he fought in the Spanish against the Americans in the Spanish-American War; in 1902 in the Revolución Libertadora of Venezuela; in 1904 in the Russo-Japanese War. He returned to Venezuela in 1908, after the military coup of Juan Vicente Gómez that overthrew his enemy Cipriano Castro. Even so, he went back to exile after making himself an enemy of the new president.
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[edit] World War I
When World War I began, after unsuccessfully attempting to join a number of European armies, he enlisted in the Ottoman Army and was assigned to the Caucasus Front, where he reached the rank of Bey[clarification needed]. He led gendarmerie troops during the siege of Van, but asked to be relieved, out of compassion for the insurgents.[1] He later wrote a book describing his experiences with the Ottoman Army in World War I.
After being transferred from the Caucasus, he saw action in the Sinai and Palestine Front. He fought in the Turkish lines during the entire war, and was awarded the Iron Cross by Kaiser Wilhelm II.
[edit] Post war
After the war ended, he worked with the Nicaraguan revolutionary Augusto César Sandino. Additionally, he spent time in Alaska during the time of the gold rush there, and also worked as a cowboy in Arizona.
He wrote several books about his experiences: Memorias del general Rafael de Nogales Méndez, Cuatro años bajo la Media Luna, about his experiences as an officer of the Ottoman Empire, and El saqueo de Nicaragua. His commentaries about the atrocities committed against the Armenian people by the Turkish officials are in the book Cuatro años bajo la Media Luna.
[edit] References
- ^ Mann, Michael (2005). The Dark Side of Democracy: Explaining Ethnic Cleansing. Cambridge University Press. pp. 154. http://www.cambridge.org/9780521831307. "I was thoroughly disgusted and disheartened by the numerous and utterly unjustified massacres of the Christians, committed, if not at the direct instance, at least through the complaisance of the Commander-in-Chief of our Expeditionary Army, Khalil Bey."
[edit] Bibliography
- De Nogales, Rafael. Four Years Beneath The Crescent. London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1926. Most recently republished as: Four Years Under the Crescent(Sterndale Classics) ISBN 1-903656-19-2
- De Nogales, Rafael. Memoirs of a soldier of Fortune. New York: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc., 1932. Recently republished in paperback.
- McQuaid, Kim, The Real and Assumed Personalities of Famous Men: Rafael De Nogales, T.E. Lawrence. and the Birth of the Modern Era ,1914–1937, London. Gomidas Institute, 2010, ISBN 978-1-903656-97-6
[edit] External links
- Rafael De Nogales Méndez: Caballero andante venezolano, José Rosario Araujo. (Spanish)
- Memorias de un aventurero venezolano: Rafael de Nogales Méndez, por Violeta Rojo (Spanish)
- FOUR YEARS UNDER THE CRESCENT - Rafael de Nogales /Translated into Russian/ [[{{{san}}}|{{{s}}}]], [[{{{slan}}}|{{{sl}}}]]/translated into Turkish by Yaba Publishers in Istanbul in 2008
- Mirela Quero De Trinca, RAFAEL DE NOGALES MENDEZ (Biblioteca Biografica Venezolana, Caracas, August, 2005).
