Raiden (Metal Gear)

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Raiden
Raiden (Metal Gear).jpg
Raiden in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, as illustrated by Yoji Shinkawa.
Series Metal Gear
First game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (2001)
Created by Hideo Kojima
Designed by Yoji Shinkawa
Voiced by (English) Quinton Flynn
Voiced by (Japanese) Kenyu Horiuchi
Motion capture Eiji Morisaki (MGS2), Takeshi Yoshioka (MGS4)
Fictional profile
Real name Jack
Affiliations Pseudo-FOXHOUND operative unknowingly employed by The Patriots (2009) - MGS2
Free Agent - MGS4

Raiden (雷電?), whose real name is Jack (ジャック Jakku?), is a video game character in the Metal Gear series of stealth games by Konami. Created by Hideo Kojima and designed by Yoji Shinkawa, Raiden was introduced in the series as a playable character of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. There, Raiden appears as a trained member of the FOXHOUND special forces participating in his first mission to save hostages from a terrorist group. However, Raiden is revealed to have participated in a civil war as a child and that his former superiors, The Patriots, are still manipulating his actions. Raiden reappears as supporting character in Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots with most of his body having become cybernetic due to experiments performed by the Patriots. From there, he joins forces with his former comrade Solid Snake to defeat them. He is to appear as the main character from the next game in the series, Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance.

Hideo Kojima came up with the idea of Raiden as he wanted players to view the series' main protagonist Solid Snake from a different point of view. Raiden's inclusion in the game remained as a secret to gamers prior to its release; despite some players' reactions the staff took a liking to his character. He was voiced by Kenyu Horiuchi in the Japanese versions of the games and by Quinton Flynn in the English adaptations.

Raiden's role as the protagonist of Metal Gear Solid 2 was a controversial twist, both for the unexpected substitution of the established hero, Solid Snake, and for his androgynous appearance. On the other hand, some critics have also defended the character, stating that fans were merely angered by Snake's removal and that he was appealing. Despite this mixed reception, Raiden has also been highly praised due to his role as well as redesign in Metal Gear Solid 4.

Contents

[edit] Description

Raiden is first depicted as a white haired adult who uses a protective black and blue sneaking suit for his missions under the name of "Skull Suit".[1] In Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots Raiden instead wears a metallic armor and has had his limbs replaced with prosthetics. Moreover, he has had his blood replaced with a military substitute called "White Blood" which make him hard to treat.[2] Despite initially being proficient using any types of weaponry, Raiden specializes in wielding swords that resonate at high frequencies to improve their cutting abilities for the last fights of Sons of Liberty and during Guns of the Patriots.[3]

During his first appearances, Raiden acts as a agent rookie who, as a result of training only in VR, is inexperienced. However, he later reveals he was once feared as a soldier known as "Jack the Ripper" who killed several enemies in a civil war and is afraid of his past.[4] This heavily affects Raiden's personality as he starts believing he is only useful in the battlefield and that his relationship with his girlfriend Rosemary would not work.[5][6] Manipulation by the Patriots causes him to believe he does not have free will, but Raiden is encouraged by Solid Snake not to be obsessed with what people tell him but to rely on himself to face his problems.[7]

[edit] Appearances

In Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the player takes control of Raiden in the Plant Chapter, where he is introduced as a newly-recruited VR trained member of FOXHOUND with no live combat experience prior to his current mission.[8] Assisted via Codec by his commanding officer, the Colonel, and his girlfriend Rosemary, Raiden's initial mission objective is to rescue the United States President and other hostages from a terrorist group dubbed "Sons of Liberty".[9][10] Raiden also gains assistance from Solid Snake who searches to destroy the Metal Gear machine kept by Sons of Liberty, and spy Olga Gurlukovich, whose baby was kidnapped by an organization known as The Patriots, to assist him.[11][12] As the story progresses, Raiden is revealed to have served as a child soldier for the Sons of Liberty's leader, Solidus Snake. He was adopted by him to participate during the Liberian Civil War.[13][5] After the war ended, Raiden was given a normal life and tried to forget his past.[14] However, his commanding officer is revealed to be a computer generated A.I. built by the The Patriots, the same group Solidus worked for, with Raiden himself unknowingly serving as one of their agents.[15] In order to further control Raiden, The Patriots made one of their spies, Rosemary, become Raiden's girlfriend, although the two ended up falling in love.[16] Raiden battles and defeats Solidus after using his body to lead him to the Patriots.[17] He later reunites with Rosemary, and both decide to continue together to raise their yet to be born child.[18]

Although Raiden himself does not appear in Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater, the character is the subject of much self-parodying throughout the game by debuting character Raikov.[19] Raiden also appears in an early promotional trailer for Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots first shown at E3 2005, literally fighting for control of the franchise with Solid Snake in a series of comedic sequences. A sequel to this trailer was produced titled "Metal Gear Raiden: Snake Eraser", in which Raiden travels to the past to assassinate Solid Snake's genetic progenitor, Big Boss, but fails in comical fashion.[20] In the English version of this trailer, Raiden was voiced by Charlie Schlatter, Raikov's voice actor, instead of Quinton Flynn. The Metal Gear Solid 2 version of Raiden appears in Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus expansion pack, where he is an unlockable character.[21]

In Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, set many years after Metal Gear Solid 2, Raiden is said to have disappeared after rescuing Sunny, the daughter from the late Olga, from the Patriots,[22] and in excahnge is searching for the corpse of Big Boss for Big Mama.[23] Raiden reappears outfitted with a cybernetic exoskeleton as a result of The Patriots' machinations. The trauma of his break-up with Rosemary, coupled with the apparent miscarriage of his child, have made Raiden believe his only place is on the battlefield.[5][6] He joins Snake's group in their fight against Revolver Ocelot to eliminate the Patriots. After several encounters with Ocelot's men, a wounded Raiden stays in the ship Outer Heaven fighting enemies until Snake shuts down the Patriots' AIs.[24] In the game's epilogue, Rosemary reveals to Raiden that their child was not miscarried, and that her marriage to Roy Campbell was a hoax designed to protect her and their son from the Patriots. Upon learning this information, Raiden reconciles with Rosemary.[25] This incarnation of the character appears as a playable character in Metal Gear Online.[26]

Raiden is scheduled to appear as the main character in the upcoming Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance once again as his cyborg self.[27] After the events of Guns of the Patriots, Raiden will join to aid private military companies in the rebuilding of an unnamed country, but is to be encountered with a series of enemies.[28]

Outside the Metal Gear series, Raiden appears in the game LittleBig Planet as a sticker and as a playable sack boy character. He can be accessed by buying the Metal Gear Solid 4 DLC (which is included in the GOTY Edition).[29] In Evolution Skateboarding, Raiden is also one of the unlockable characters.[30] He also appears in Super Smash Bros. Brawl as a collectible sticker, as well as Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood, but as an alternate skin for Ezio Auditore da Firenze.[31]

[edit] Creation and development

According to the series creator, Hideo Kojima, the decision to make a new character the main playable one of Metal Gear Solid 2 instead of Solid Snake stemmed from the developer's desire to develop Snake from a third-person perspective, as well as to avoid treating Snake like a rookie again. Kojima has also stated that Raiden's character and its perception by the audience were important for the overall feel of the story. The idea of having a second main character was inspired by the Sherlock Holmes detective novel series in which the narrator was not the titular character but sidecharacter Doctor Watson. Therefore, Kojima pointed that Snake was the protagonist from the game and not Raiden. Yoshikazu Matsuhana, the assistant director for the project, was not sure about this decision, considering Raiden a "weak-looking character", but still decided to follow Kojima.[32] The codename "Raiden" was based on the local battle plane used by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, the Mitsubishi J2M Raiden.[33] Initially, it was going to be written in katakana as ライデン but later changed to the kanji form 雷電 due to how the original one resemblesed Bin Laden's "Laden" name in katanana, ラーディン.[34] The interactions between Raiden and Rosemary were inspired by Kojima's own experiences in life. Additionally, their names, Jack and Rose, act as a reference to the film Titanic.[35] Raiden in Metal Gear Solid 2 is considered to be a representation of the player, through the shared experiences between the player and the character during the course of the game.[36][37]

Kojima had received many pieces of fan mail and one letter stuck out at him from a female which stated she did not want to play a story with an old man. He later took this into consideration, along with his team to design a character that would be more appealing to women, resulting in Raiden's visual appearance.[38] Designer Yoji Shinkawa noted that he and the other character designers took a great deal of inspiration for Raiden's appearance from the bishōnen archetype.[38] Because Raiden was a new character, the staff designed him carefully, giving him white hair in order to symbolize his introduction. Shinkawa further noted that Raiden ended with a feminine appearance based on his overall look.[35] His sneaking suit, the Skull Suit, brought difficulties in its design until the staff decided to make it once deciding on the "bonelike" concept. Through this, Shinkawa wanted to make Raiden look sexually appealing emphasizing how tight his clothes were.[39]

Konami kept Raiden's starring role in Metal Gear Solid 2 a secret right up until the game's release in North America, even going so far as to replace Raiden with Snake in teaser trailers and other preview materials. Although Raiden did appear in a few preview trailers in his scuba gear, his presence was not as emphasized as the other characters.[35] The presence of Raiden in the game was announced to the Japanese press on the same day as the game's release in North America.[40]

Kojima noted fanresponse to Raiden's character being both positive and negative at the same time. While accepting the large negative feedback, Kojima and his own team ended up liking the character. Therefore, they decided to make him the comical relief from the videos in which Raiden tries to become the main character from Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. In response to positve response in Japan, the character of Raikov was created for Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater as a parody of Raiden. While noting Raiden would not be a playable character in Metal Gear Solid 4, Kojima confirmed to site 1UP.com his appearance in the game, stating that fans would like him at the end.[19] For such title, Raiden's new design was based on criticism that the original one received to the point that only his face remained in his cybernetic body. Shinkawa himself was surprised with the way he came to illustrate Raiden. The staff noted that Raiden's debut in the Metal Gear Solid 4 trailer received notably positive responses to the point that several video game magazines promoted the game with Raiden's screenshots.[41] Kojima echoed similar comments which made him want to expand his character with another game.[42]

When Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance was known as Metal Gear Solid: Rising, former producer Shigenobu Matsuyama hinted that Raiden's past as a child soldier would be elaborated on, and that his personal weaknesses as a human, such as his resolve, would be explored. Matsuyama wanted Raiden to have a strong role in the game as in Metal Gear Solid 2, leading him to become the game's main character.[43] Director Mineshi Kimura noted that he wanted Raiden to be able to move like he did in the Metal Gear Solid 4 trailers, and to show "the stealth of the sword, and the strength of not even losing to the gun, and the fear and power you have with this blade."[27] Matsuyama stated that they will focus on Raiden's strong will and as well as physical strength so that he would be enjoyable to control.[44] Moreover, the series' former tagline, "Tactical Espionage Action," was replaced by "Lightning Bolt Action" to fit Raiden; the word raiden (雷電?) is Japanese for "thunder and lightning."[45][46] Raiden's design was further changed during development of the game, leading to different promotional images featuring him.[47]

In the Japanese versions of the games, Raiden has been voiced by Kenyu Horiuchi.[48] Quinton Flynn was selected to voice Raiden in the English adaptation of the series by casting director Kris Zimmerman who he had previously worked with. Flynn remembers having a long time to develop the character and was told by Zimmerman to use an older voice from a character he previously voiced. Additionally, Flynn states that Raiden is one of his favorite video game characters he voiced, and explained a notable difference between his role in Metal Gear Solid 2 and Metal Gear Solid 4.[49]

[edit] Reception

Raiden's appearance in Metal Gear Solid 4 has led to praise contrasting initial negative opinions from his introduction.

Raiden's replacement of fan-favorite Solid Snake in Metal Gear Solid 2 proved controversial, and GamesRadar considered the event a reason to dislike the series overall.[50][51] The same site has criticized his role in Metal Gear Solid 2 several times, and has called his inclusion one of the worst parts of the game.[52][53] In September 2004, Shoeless Wayne Santos from GameAxis Unwired wrote a fake interview in which Hideo Kojima expressed regret for creating the character.[54] While calling Metal Gear Solid 2 one of the biggest disappointments in video game history, UGO Networks' Marissa Meli cited Raiden's debut as a key problem with the game.[55] Meli also commented on Raiden's androgynous design, placing it twelveth in a list "The Most Androgynous Video Game Characters".[56] In the book Playing with Videogames, it is written that Raiden's inclusion was to surprise Metal Gear fans who, instead of playing as Snake, played as his exact opposite. Writer James Newman commented that fans' reactions were highly negative, as though their expectations had been "betray[ed]" by Kojima. He compared Raiden to the controversial Star Wars character Jar Jar Binks. Trailers for Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eraser, in which Raiden is mocked, were considered by Newman to be Konami's comical response to fans' disapproval.[57]

Nevertheless, the character received positive response from certain writers. Eurogamer's Tom Bramwell enjoyed Raiden's role, believing that his interactions with the other characters also helped to expand Solid Snake's character.[58] His introduction was given the award of "Biggest Surprise" by GameSpot in 2001.[59] Dave Meikleham from GamesRadar called his introduction as one of the biggest plot twists in a video game, as trailers did not display him. Meikleham also called Raiden a "surprisingly likeable character" and a found his dynamic with Solid Snake appealing.[60] Prior to joining Kojima Productions, Ryan Payton stated that he was not disappointed by Raiden's introduction, and that liked that the Metal Gear Solid 2 team had managed to keep his identity a secret.[61] Raiden's English voice actor Quinton Flynn was surprised to fans' response to the character, but commented that it also served to attract fans who never played a game in the series. Regarding response about Raiden replacing Snake as the main character, Flynn thought that fans angered with the idea Raiden would replace Snake for all the following games.[49] His relationship with Rose was also listed as the most awkward part from the Metal Gear series by 1UP.com with writer Scott Sharkey wondering about Hideo Kojima's life as the director stated such relation was based on himself.[62] Play editor Nick Jones listed the scene in which Raiden is naked as his fourth favorite moment from the franchise calling it the "one of the funniest moments in gaming history."[63] In a Famitsu poll done in February 2010, Raiden was voted by readers as the forty-second most popular video game character.[64]

In following games, response to the character was mainly positive. Raiden's redesign for Metal Gear Solid 4 has been praised for reducing his androgynous appearance and thus, make him appealing.[65] It has also been compared with Gray Fox's cybernetic ninja design from Metal Gear Solid.[66][67] Similarly, the GameSpot staff stated that Raiden "is definitely the inheritor of the quasi-unkillable Cyborg Ninja inheritance" when making his first appearance in a Metal Gear Solid 4 trailer. His actions in such trailer were applauded by GameSpot who labelled it as "wordlessly awesome" and compared his stunts with the ones from the film Casshan: Robot Hunter.[68] Game Informer placed him in "The Snubbed List" in response to his new design which made fans like the idea to have new Metal Gear game solely focused on his character.[69] Gavin Mackenzie from Play listed it seventh in the "Top 10 inappropriate outfits" finding it "cool", but yet at the same time had unnecessary accessories.[70] His encounter against Vamp in such title was labelled as one of the "most memorable cinematics" by GamePro from the title due to Raiden's change of fighting style from his debut as he "redeems his girlish image",[71] while IGN listed it as the 80th best moment in video game history for similar reasons.[72] Additionally, IGN's Jesse Schedeen listed Raiden as one of the "gaming icons" and most valuable players from 2009 in response for his role in an upcoming Metal Gear title.[73][74] UGO placed Raiden's design in such game 18th in their list of "The Most Stylin' Alternate Costumes".[75] Dave Meikleham from GamesRadar wrote an article titled "Why Metal Gear Solid: Rising [Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance] will make you love Raiden", explaining why fans who disliked the character would find him appealing with his character and role from Metal Gear Solid: Rising.[76] His new design for such game also analysed by GamePro's Pattrick Shaw to the point he commented Raiden "was in one hell of a fight".[71]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Colonel: Your new Sneaking suit uses electrofiber technology, a by-product of fiber-optics research. The texture isn't far removed from rubber but the material protects against a wide range of toxic substances. The suit itself has a wide array of built-in sensors. It is referred to as "Smart Skin" in military R&D. Data about damage to different regions of the body, including blood loss, is exchanged between the suit and the intravenous nanomachines to create a bio-feedback system. [...] They call this the "Skull Suit" in FOXHOUND."
  2. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Naomi Hunter: That's right. Raiden's blood is an older type of artificial blood that was used by the military... Called white blood. After it's been in use for a while, the blood needs to be dialyzed... Filtered. Right now, he's slipping into autotoxemia."
  3. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Solid Snake: Olga asked me to give it to you. Besides, I'm not a big fan of blades."
  4. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Raiden: No, it was field training, when I was a kid. I lied, Snake. I have more field experience than I can remember. It's not VR that's doing this to me. / Solid Snake: Raiden, we don't carry guns to take people down. We're not here to help some politician either. / Raiden: You can say that because you're a legend, a hero. I'm Jack the Ripper, a dirty reminder -- of a terrible mistake."
  5. ^ a b c Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Rosemary: After the Big Shell Incident, he became unstable. Memories began to resurface from his childhood, when he fought for Solidus in the Liberian Civl War. And in the midst of all that... The baby we had together... It hadn't even been born yet. Jack slowly stopped coming home. And when he did, he'd be dead drunk, sometimes covered in cuts and bruises."
  6. ^ a b Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Raiden: I've got nothing to lose. / Snake: Don't be an idiot. You know you've got someone to protect. / Raiden: It was never going to work out for me. It even "rained" the day I was born."
  7. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Solid Snake: Listen, don't obsess over words so much. Find the meaning behind the words, then decide. You can find your own name. And your own future... [...] I know you didn't have much in terms of choices this time. But everything you felt, thought about during this mission is yours. And what you decide to do with them is your choice... / Raiden: You mean start over? / Solid Snake: Yeah, a clean slate. A new name, new memories. Choose your own legacy. It's for you to decide. It's up to you"
  8. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Colonel: Just a precaution. You are now designated "Raiden." All right, Raiden. You've already covered infiltration in VR Training. / Raiden: I've completed three hundred missions in VR. I feel like some kind of legendary mercenary..."
  9. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Rosemary: Jack, I'm a part of this mission. / Raiden: Colonel, what the hell is going on? / Colonel: Raiden, meet the mission analyst. She'll be overseeing the data saving and support."
  10. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Colonel: You have two missions objectives. One: infiltrate the offshore decontamination facility "Big Shell" and safeguard the President and other hostages. And two: disarm the terrorists by any means necessary."
  11. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Olga: I was sent to provide you support. / Raiden: Support? Who sent you? The Colonel? / Olga: No... the Patriots. [...]My child is... being held hostage by the Patriots."
  12. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Raiden: Are you two really an NGO? / Otacon: Insofar as we're a nonprofit organization of civilians advocating a cause, yes. The cause happens to be the eradication of Metal Gear. / Solid Snake: We work on our own. But it's a cause worth fighting for."
  13. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Solidus Snake: The eighties... the civil war. You were one of the best among the child soldiers that fought in that conflict. When you were barely ten years old, you became the leader of the small boys unit. [...] I was your godfather, I named you."
  14. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Raiden: When the civil war ended, those of us who survived were taken in by NGO's. They gave me a new life in the States. I can't complain. But nothing's changed. [...] What I hate more than anything else in the world is my own past."
  15. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Otacon: I think it means -- you've been talking to an AI. / Raiden: That's impossible! / Otacon: The Colonel probably isn't GW per se. GW was most likely stimulating cortical activity in the dormant part of your brain through signal manipulation of your own nanomachines. The Colonel is in part your own creation, cobbled together from expectations and experience..."
  16. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Rosemary: No, it's something else. That day at Federal Hall two years ago -- it wasn't a coincidence. I was ordered to keep an eye on you... / Raiden: Keep an eye on me? / Rosemary: Yes -- by the Patriots. / Raiden: You're a spy. [...] / Rosemary: Jack, I thought I was acting, because that was my job. But I did fall in love with you, that wasn't an act."
  17. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Solidus Snake: I have other reasons for wanting you dead. The clues to the Patriots inside GW have been erased, but there are other traces. Inside YOU. [...] The information is being carried by the nano machines in your cerebral cortex, and throughout the neural network they formed."
  18. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. (Konami). (2001) "Raiden: Of course. This is where we first met... I remember now -- Today is the day I met you. That's it. I think I found something to pass along to the future. He said all living things want their genes to live on. / Rosemary: Are you talking about the baby? / Raiden: Yeah. But genes aren't the only thing you pass on. There are too many things that aren't written into our DNA. It's up to us to teach that to our children."
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  22. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Solid Snake: Jack's gone? I used to work with the guy. He saved Sunny from the Patriots. / Roy Campbell: He disappeared soon after that."
  23. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Snake: Raiden, where have you been all this time? What have you been doing? Finding what? / Raiden: The corpse of Big Boss. / Snake: What? / Raiden: I was asked to do this in exchange for Sunny's location. / Snake: Matka Pluku... Big Mama."
  24. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Snake: It's my duty to put an end to all of this. / Raiden: All right. I'll make sure they don't get through. / Otacon: Stay with me, Snake. Hold on until we insert the virus."
  25. ^ Kojima Productions. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots. (Konami). (2008) "Raiden: You said miscarriage.... / Rosemary: I lied. I had a healthy baby boy. Roy pretended to by my husband... To protect me... And our son. Only until you'd completed your mission. To shield us from Patriot eyes. [...] / Raiden: I'll never leave you alone again. Like a scene from Beauty and the Beast. / Rosemary: Don't say that. You're no beast. You're my husband. And his father. And me... I'm going to do my very best... To be the wife and mother this family deserves."
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  29. ^ Torres, Ricardo (December 19, 2008). "Little Big Planet Update: Metal Gear Solid 4 Pack Impressions". GameSpot. http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/action/littlebigplanet/news/6202572/little-big-planet-update-metal-gear-solid-4-pack-impressions?sid=6202572&mode=previews. Retrieved July 14, 2011. 
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