Rainbow Series
The Rainbow Series (sometimes known as the Rainbow Books) is a series of computer security standards and guidelines published by the United States government in the 1980s and 1990s. They were originally published by the U.S. Department of Defense Computer Security Center, and then by the National Computer Security Center.
Contents |
Objective [edit]
These standards describe a process of evaluation for trusted systems. In some cases, U.S. government entities (as well as private firms) would require formal validation of computer technology using this process as part of their procurement criteria. Many of these standards have influenced, and have been superseded by, the Common Criteria.
The books have nicknames based on the color of its cover. For example, the Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria was referred to as "The Orange Book." In the book entitled Applied Cryptography, security expert Bruce Schneier states of NCSC-TG-021 that he "can't even begin to describe the color of [the] cover" and that some of the books in this series have "hideously colored covers." He then goes on to describe how to receive a copy of them, saying "Don't tell them I sent you."[1]
Most significant Rainbow Series books [edit]
| Document | Title | Date | Color | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5200.28-STD | DoD Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria | August 15, 1983 | Orange Book | |
| CSC-STD-002-85 | DoD Password Management Guideline | April 12, 1985 | Green Book | |
| CSC-STS-003-85 | Guidance for applying TCSEC in Specific Environments | June 25, 1985 | Light Yellow Book | |
| CSC-STS-004-85 | Technical Rationale Behind CSC-STD-003-85: Computer Security Requirements | June 25, 1985 | Yellow Book | |
| NCSC-TG-001 | A Guide to Understanding Audit in Trusted Systems | June 1, 1988 | Tan Book | |
| NCSC-TG-002 | Trusted Product Security Evaluation Program | June 22, 1990 | Bright Blue Book | |
| NCSC-TG-003 | Discretionary Access Control in Trusted Systems | September 30, 1987 | Neon Orange Book | |
| NCSC-TG-004 | Glossary of Computer Security Terms | October 21, 1988 | Teal Green | |
| NCSC-TG-005 | Trusted Network Interpretation | July 31, 1987 | Red Book | |
| NCSC-TG-006 | Configuration Management in Trusted Systems | March 28, 1988 | Amber Book | |
| NCSC-TG-007 | A Guide to Understanding Design Documentation in Trusted Systems | October 6, 1988 | Burgundy Book | |
| NCSC-TG-008 | A Guide to Understanding Trusted Distribution in Trusted Systems | December 15, 1988 | Dark Lavender Book | |
| NCSC-TG-009 | Computer Security Subsystem Interpretation of the TCSEC | September 16, 1988 | Venice Blue Book | |
| NCSC-TG-010 | A Guide to Understanding Security Modeling in Trusted Systems | October 1992 | Aqua Book | |
| NCSC-TG-011 | Trusted Network Interpretation Environments Guideline (TNI) | August 1, 1990 | Red Book | |
| NCSC-TG-013 | RAMP Program Document | 1989 | Pink Book | |
| NCSC-TG-013 V2 | RAMP Program Document version 2 | March 1, 1995 | Pink Book | |
| NCSC-TG-014 | Guidelines for Formal Verification Systems | April 1, 1989 | Purple Book | |
| NCSC-TG-015 | Guide to Understanding Trusted Facility Management | October 18, 1989 | Brown Book | |
| NCSC-TG-016 | Guidelines for Writing Trusted Facility Manuals | October 1992 | Yellow-Green Book | |
| NCSC-TG-017 | Identification and Authentication in Trusted Systems | September 1991 | Light Blue Book | |
| NCSC-TG-018 | Object Reuse in Trusted Systems | July 1992 | Light Blue Book | |
| NCSC-TG-019 | Trusted Product Evaluation Questionnaire | May 2, 1992 | Blue Book | |
| NCSC-TG-020 | Trusted UNIX Working Group (TRUSIX) Rationale for Selecting Access Control List Features for the UNIX System | July 7, 1989 | Silver Book | |
| NCSC-TG-021 | Trusted Database Management System Interpretation of the TCSEC (TDI) | April 1991 | Purple Book | |
| NCSC-TG-022 | Trusted Recovery in Trusted Systems | December 30, 1991 | Yellow Book | |
| NCSC-TG-023 | Security Testing and Test Documentation in Trusted Systems | July 1993 | Bright Orange Book | |
| NCSC-TG-024 Vol. 1/4 | Procurement of Trusted Systems: An Introduction to Procurement Initiators on Computer Security Requirements | December 1992 | Purple Book | |
| NCSC-TG-024 Vol. 2/4 | Procurement of Trusted Systems: Language for RFP Specifications and Statements of Work | June 30, 1993 | Purple Book | |
| NCSC-TG-024 Vol. 3/4 | Procurement of Trusted Systems: Computer Security Contract Data Requirements List and Data Item Description | February 28, 1994 | Purple Book | |
| NCSC-TG-024 Vol. 4/4 | Procurement of Trusted Systems: How to Evaluate a Bidder's Proposal Document | Publication TBA | Purple Book | |
| NCSC-TG-025 | Guide to Understanding Data Remanence in Automated Information Systems. | September 1991 | Forest Green Book | |
| NCSC-TG-026 | Writing the Security Features User's Guide for Trusted Systems | September 1991 | Hot Peach Book | |
| NCSC-TG-027 | Information System Security Officer Responsibilities for Automated Information Systems | May 1992 | Turquoise Book | |
| NCSC-TG-028 | Assessing Controlled Access Protection | May 25, 1992 | Violet Book | |
| NCSC-TG-029 | Certification and Accreditation Concepts | January 1994 | Blue Book | |
| NCSC-TG-030 | Covert Channel Analysis of Trusted Systems | November 1993 | Light Pink Book | |
In popular culture [edit]
The 1995 movie Hackers contained a reference to the Rainbow Books that showed Dade naming off a series of six books, the second of them being the Orange Book ("Computer security criteria, DoD standards") and the sixth being the Red Book ("NSA Trusted Networks. Otherwise known as the Ugly Red Book that won’t fit on a shelf") from this series. Phreak called them "those Crayola books" and Cereal replied, "Oh yeah, Technicolor rainbow." However the other books, such as the Peter Norton "pink shirt book" (The Peter Norton Programmer's Guide to the IBM PC), are not part of the Rainbow Series.
References [edit]
- ^ Schneier, Bruce (1996), Applied Cryptography (2nd ed.), New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 0-471-11709-9
External links [edit]
- Rainbow Series from Federation of American Scientists, with more explanation
- Rainbow Series from Archive of Information Assurance
