Ramat Rachel
| Ramat Rachel | ||
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| Hebrew | רָמַת רָחֵל | |
| Founded | 1926 | |
| Founded by | Jerusalem Brigade of Gdud HaAvoda | |
| Council | Mateh Yehuda | |
| District | Jerusalem | |
| Affiliation | Kibbutz Movement | |
| Coordinates | 31°44′23.97″N 35°13′8.37″E / 31.7399917°N 35.2189917°ECoordinates: 31°44′23.97″N 35°13′8.37″E / 31.7399917°N 35.2189917°E | |
| Population | 351 (2007) | |
 Ramat Rachel
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| Website | www.ramatrachel.co.il | |
Ramat Rachel (Hebrew: רָמַת רָחֵל, lit. Rachel's Heights) is a kibbutz located south of Jerusalem in Israel, as an enclave within Jerusalem's municipal boundaries. Overlooking Bethlehem and Rachel's Tomb (for which the kibbutz name is named) and situated within the Green Line, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. As of 2010, the kibbutz's population numbers approximately 400 members, children and residents.
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[edit] History
The kibbutz was established in 1926 by members of the Gdud HaAvoda labor brigade. Their goal was to settle in Jerusalem and earn their livelihood from manual labor, working in such trades as stonecutting, housing construction and haulage.[1] After living in a temporary camp in Jerusalem, a group of ten pioneers settled on a stony plot of land on a 803-metre high hill south of the city. The kibbutz was destroyed by the Arabs in the riots of 1929. Hundreds of Arabs attacked the training farm and burned it to the ground.[2] The settlers returned to the site a year later. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War it was cut off from the city.[3] In 1967 it was the target of intensive artillery shelling from Jordanian positions. As the borders of Jerusalem were expanded southward, the kibbutz was included within the city's municipal borders. In 1990, the kibbutz had a population of 140 adults and 150 children.[4]
[edit] Economy
The kibbutz economy revolves around its hotel and banquet hall, Mitzpeh Rachel, billed as the only kibbutz hotel in Jerusalem. The hotel, surrounded by gardens, has 108 rooms offering a panoramic view of Bethlehem, the Judean Desert and Herodion. The hotel also operates a convention center, tennis courts and a large (covered in winter) swimming pool, open to the public (membership is required). The kibbutz grows cherries, nectarines and olives in orchards surrounding the kibbutz. In addition, the kibbutz grows oranges, grapefruit, persimmons, figs, pomelos, tangerines in an agricultural area located near Kibbutz Revadim. Tourism is also an important part of the economy.[4] An archeology park is located on the hilltop with remains of a massive palace and waterworks believed to date back to the early Israelite kingdom.
[edit] Archaeological findings
The first scientific exploration of the site, known in Arabic as Khirbet es-Sallah, was conducted by Benjamin Mazar and Moshe Stekelis in 1930-1931. In a series of digs in 1959-1962, Yohanan Aharoni tentatively identified it as the biblical Beit Hakerem (Jeremiah 6:1), one of the places from which flaming warning signals were sent to Jerusalem at the end of the First Temple period.[5] Yigael Yadin dated the palace excavated by Aharoni to the reign of Athaliah and identified it as the "House of Baal" recorded in 2 Kings 11:18.
One of many important artifacts discovered at Ramat Rachel are LMLK seal impressions found on broken jar handles.[6] Archaeologist Gabriel Barkay, who excavated the site in 1984, says the ancient name of the site may have been MMST, one of four enigmatic words that appear on the handles.[7] Supporting Barkay is a potsherd unearthed by Aharoni which may be decorated with an image of King Hezekiah, who reigned at the time. However, more handles with HBRN (Hebron) and ZYF (Ziph) inscriptions have been found at Ramat Rahel than MMST.[8]
Excavations resumed in 2004 under the direction of Tel Aviv University archeologists Oded Lipschits and Manfred Oeming. According to Lipschits, the site was a palace or administrative center with a water works system "unparalleled in Eretz Israel." [9][10]
In July 2008, archeologists discovered a cooking pot from the 1st century CE containing 15 large gold coins. The pot was found under the floor of a columbarium.[11]
[edit] Sculptures and environmental art
A grove of 200 olive trees planted on the outskirts of the kibbutz leads up to the Olive Columns, two 33-foot high pedestals topped by live olive trees, the work of Israeli artist Ran Morin.[12]
In the hotel garden is a sculpture of the biblical matriarch Rachel, who personifies the nation. In the Book of Jeremiah, Rachel is depicted as a woman of large proportions, protecting two children and surveying the horizon as though waiting for others.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ [1]
- ^ http://www.krr.co.il/ Kibbutz website
- ^ The battle for Ramat Rachel: Southern gateway to Jerusalem Da'at
- ^ a b Kibbutz guesthouses, New York Times
- ^ http://www.tau.ac.il/~rmtrachl/archaeology%20of%20site.htm
- ^ LMLK Seals from Ramat Rahel LMLK Research
- ^ Barkay, Gabriel (2006). "Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?". Biblical Archaeology Review 32:5 (September/October): 34–44.
- ^ Grena, G.M. (2004). LMLK--A Mystery Belonging to the King vol. 1. Redondo Beach, California: 4000 Years of Writing History. ISBN 0-9748786-0-X.
- ^ Fit for a king Jerusalem Post, 21 September 2006
- ^ Dig shows Ramat Rahel was royal Judean site Jerusalem Post, 21 August 2006
- ^ http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1008504.html
- ^ Ramat Rachel art
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ramat Rachel |
- Ramat Rachel Revisited: An Interview with Oded Lipschits Damqatum 1 (2006): 1-4.
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