Raymond Leo Burke

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Most Rev. Raymond Leo Burke
Denomination Roman Catholic Church
Senior posting
See Archbishop Emeritus of Saint Louis
Title Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura
Period in office June 27, 2008 - current
Religious career
Priestly ordination June 29, 1975
Personal
Date of birth June 30, 1948 (1948-06-30) (age 61)
Place of birth Richland Center, Wisconsin

Raymond Leo Burke (born June 30, 1948) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the current Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura, having previously served as Archbishop of St. Louis (2003-2008) and Bishop of La Crosse (1995-2003).

Contents

[edit] Background

Raymond Leo Burke was born in Richland Center, Wisconsin, the youngest of the six children of Thomas (d. July 21, 1956) and Marie (d. February 29, 1996) Burke. Baptized on the following July 11, he received his first Communion on May 13, 1956. The family later moved to Stratford, where Burke was confirmed by Bishop John P. Treacy on April 5, 1962. From 1962 to 1968 he attended the Holy Cross Seminary in La Crosse, Wisconsin. From 1968 to 1971 Burke studied at The Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C., where he is now a member of the Board of Trustees. He then completed his studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome from 1971 to 1975. Pope Paul VI ordained Burke to the priesthood on June 29, 1975, at Saint Peter's Basilica.

[edit] Education

Honarary Degrees

[edit] Priestly ministry

After his ordination to the priesthood, he was first assigned as assistant rector of the Cathedral of St. Joseph the Workman in La Crosse, Wisconsin. He also taught religion at Aquinas High School in La Crosse, where a new addition built in 1996–1997, the Bishop Burke Hall, was named in his honor. [1] From 1980 to 1984, Burke studied canon law at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, where he received his licentiate and doctorate. He then returned to La Crosse and was named the Moderator of the Curia as well as the Vice Chancellor of the La Crosse Diocese. In 1989, Pope John Paul II assigned Burke to be the first American Defender of the Bond of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, the highest judicial court in the Catholic Church.

[edit] Episcopal ministry

Personal coat of arms as Archbishop of Saint Louis.
Styles of
Raymond Leo Burke
Reference style The Most Reverend
Spoken style Your Excellency
Religious style Your Excellency
Posthumous style not applicable

On December 10, 1994, Pope John Paul II named Burke Bishop of La Crosse, consecrating him to the episcopate on January 6, 1995 in St. Peter's Basilica.[2] Bishop Burke took possession of the See of La Crosse on February 22, 1995.[3] During his time in La Crosse, he founded the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe.[4][5][6][7] In 2000, Bishop Burke convened the fifth diocesan synod for the Diocese of La Crosse. Synod V, Acts: celebrated June 11-14, 2000/ Diocese of La Crosse, published by the Diocese of La Crosse, (circa 2003) were the documents of the fifth diocesan synod that were published.[8] In 2002, Bishop Burke was influential in founding the Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem, an order of Augustinian canons dedicated to the pre-Vatican II Latin liturgy.[9]

He served as the Bishop of La Crosse until December 2, 2003, when he was named as successor to Cardinal Justin Francis Rigali (who had been appointed to be the Archbishop of Philadelphia) as Archbishop of St. Louis.[10][11][12][13] He was formally installed on January 26, 2004. Not long thereafter, Burke was presented with the pallium on June 29, 2004 by Pope John Paul II. In St. Louis, Burke has given particular emphasis to the promotion of vocations to the ministerial priesthood; he also publishes a column in the archdiocesan weekly newspaper, the Saint Louis Review. In both La Crosse and St. Louis, Burke has established oratories for those who attend the Tridentine Rite. He has invited traditionalist Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest into his dioceses and has ordained priests for the group both in the US and abroad. His ordination of two traditionalist priests on June 15, 2007, was the first time in 40 years that the Tridentine rite of ordination had been used in the cathedral.[14] In July 2006, Pope Benedict XVI appointed Burke to be a member of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura[15], the highest court in the Catholic Church. He issued a statement, in line with Catholic moral precepts, opposing embryonic stem cell research when an amendment to the Missouri Constitution that allows it was narrowly passed by voters there.

On June 25, 2007, Burke accompanied Cardinal Seán Patrick O'Malley, Archbishop of Boston, on a trip to Rome, where the prelates reviewed Pope Benedict's impending motu proprio Summorum Pontificum granting greater freedom for the use of the Tridentine Rite.[16][17]

During his tenure as Bishop of La Crosse, Burke was inspired to construct a shrine near La Crosse on the bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe, patroness of the Americas. As part of the Shrine, the spacious church, designed in the Renaissance style, was dedicated on July 31, 2008. The archbishop has also installed a prominent shrine to the Sacred Heart in the diocesan cathedral, reflecting his desire to foster the sacred arts and to encourage spiritual devotions which have long been characteristic of Catholicism.[18]

On May 6, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI named Burke to two Vatican offices, increasing Burke's already prominent stature in Rome. Burke was named to the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts, which interprets canon, or church, law and also assigned to the Congregation for the Clergy, which regulates the formation and training of diocesan priests and deacons.

The Congregation for the Clergy is one of nine congregations in the Roman Curia, as the church government is known. The Council for Legislative Texts is one of 11 pontifical councils in the Curia.[19]

[edit] Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura

On June 27, 2008 Pope Benedict XVI elevated Archbishop Burke to the office of Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, a position equivalent to that of Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court, or President of the Conseil d'Etat of France. As such, immediately after the Roman Pontiff, Burke holds the highest judicial office in the entirety of the Roman Catholic Church.

Burke is the first non-European named to head the tribunal within the Roman Curia. The Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura exercises final appellate jurisdiction concerning conflicts occurring between two or more Vatican Congregations or Dicasteries; appeals against administrative decisions rendered by diocesan bishops and Vatican Congregations; and appeals against judgments and other decisions issued by the Tribunal of the Roman Rota.

It is expected that Archbishop Burke will be created Cardinal-Deacon at the next consistory.[20][21][22] With this appointment, Burke becomes the tenth US native to serve in the Roman Curia.

Upon the public announcement of the appointment by the Holy See, Archbishop Burke expressed that: "I am deeply humbled by the trust which His Holiness has placed in me, and, in priestly obedience, I have pledged to serve our Holy Father to the best of my abilities." He continued stating that "leaving the service of the Church in the Archdiocese of Saint Louis is most sad for me. It has been an honor and gift for me to serve the archdiocese over the past four years and five months."[23] It was revealed that he was informed about his appointment ten days in advance of the announcement. After consulting in Italy about his new post with the Cardinal Secretary of State, Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, SDB, it was determined Burke would be given the title of Archbishop Emeritus of St. Louis, and not a titular see. Upon the announcement that Archbishop Burke would be leaving St. Louis, opinions were mixed with some St. Louis area Catholics expressing an opinion that his departure would lead to a less divisive spirit in the Church.

His farewell Mass in the Archdiocese of St. Louis was at 2:30 PM CST in the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis on Sunday, August 17, 2008. It was concelebrated by Bishops George Joseph Lucas, Robert Hermann, John J. Leibrecht, John R. Gaydos, Robert W. Finn, Raymond J. Boland, and Kevin W. Vann. In addition, over seventy-five priests, fifty seminarians, a full honor guard of the Knights of Columbus (over 60 members), and over fifty Knights and Dames of the Order of Malta were in attendance.[24]

Recently, Burke declared in a recent interview that, "the Democratic Party risks transforming itself definitively into a 'party of death,' because of its choices on bioethical questions," especially abortion.[25]

On Tuesday, October 7, 2008, it was announced that Pope Benedict XVI had also appointed Burke as President of the Commission for Advocates, which is responsible for admitting the world's qualified canon lawyers to a registry of those who may practice in the Vatican's courts- a sort of bar association. This job is related, but secondary to and distinguished from, his post as prefect of the Signatura.[26]

In May 2009, he stated, "Since President Obama clearly announced, during the election campaign, his anti-life and anti-family agenda, a Catholic who knew his agenda regarding, for example, procured abortion, embryonic-stem-cell research, and same-sex marriage, could not have voted for him with a clear conscience."[27]

[edit] Views

Burke is seen by some as one of the more controversial bishops in the United States. Among the reasons are his position regarding the political actions of Catholics who hold public office, and his disputes with St. Stanislaus Kostka Church in St. Louis.

[edit] Diocesan leadership

A few priests in the Diocese of La Crosse have claimed that Burke's leadership there was divisive. Richard Dickman, who had served as pastor of St. Mary's Church in Tomah, Wisconsin stated in a resignation letter that "I can no longer minister as a priest in this diocese and retain a sense of integrity. I find that my conscience is in conflict with the vision of ministry characterized by the bishop I have promised to obey. I am in an impossible position."[28]

[edit] Pro-choice politicians

During the 2004 presidential election, Burke publicly stated that John Kerry and other Catholic politicians who publicly support legalized abortion should not receive the Eucharist.[29] This statement was based mainly on two canons of Catholic Canon Law, which state that ministers of Holy Communion should not administer the Eucharist to people who obstinately and publicly persist in some serious sin.[30] and that those who are conscious of being in a state of grave sin (as determined by Catholic doctrine) should not receive the Eucharist.[31] Burke had articulated the same position while he was in La Crosse but the statements made as Archbishop of St. Louis gained more notice and added to his controversial reputation. He is one of a number of bishops who have declared that they would refuse Communion to such politicians.

He also stated that Catholic voters who supported pro-choice candidates specifically because they supported abortion rights were committing grave sin and should not receive Communion without first having their sin absolved through the Sacrament of Penance. Later, Burke clarified his position to state that one could vote for a pro-choice politician and not commit a mortal sin, if one believed there was a more significant moral issue than abortion at hand, but had also stated that he could not think what sort of issue would qualify[32]. His position is consistent with the one articulated by then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger in a 2004 letter to Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick, of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington. As Ratzinger, now Pope Benedict XVI, wrote: “Not all moral issues have the same moral weight as abortion and euthanasia [...] While the Church exhorts civil authorities to seek peace, not war, and to exercise discretion and mercy in imposing punishment on criminals, it may still be permissible to take up arms to repel an aggressor or to have recourse to capital punishment. There may be a legitimate diversity of opinion even among Catholics about waging war and applying the death penalty, but not however with regard to abortion and euthanasia.”[33]

[edit] Sheryl Crow concert

On April 25, 2007, after singer Sheryl Crow, a pro-choice supporter, was scheduled to perform at a benefit concert for the Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, Archbishop Burke resigned as chair of the hospital foundation's board of directors[34].

Deeming this a scandal, Burke claimed that to have the hospital host Crow would give "the impression that the Church is somehow inconsistent in its teaching." The Saint Louis archbishop reportedly asked that her invitation be privately removed, but then felt compelled to submit his resignation when Crow's performance at the concert was confirmed.[35]

[edit] Saint Louis University staff

On January 22, 2008, Burke urged Saint Louis University to take disciplinary action against its head basketball coach, Rick Majerus, after Majerus publicly supported abortion and stem cell research at a campaign event for Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton three days earlier[36].

With Saint Louis University being run by the Society of Jesus, Burke responded by saying, "When you take a position in a Catholic university, you don't have to embrace everything the Catholic Church teaches. But you can't make statements which call into question the identity and mission of the Catholic Church." SLU spokesman Jeff Fowler responded to Burke's statement by saying, "Rick's comments were his own personal view. They were made at an event he did not attend as a university representative."[37]

Burke again responded to the controversy aroused by his statements in an interview with the archdiocesan newspaper, The St. Louis Review, on the following February 1.[38] The archbishop said, "It gives scandal to other people, Catholics and non-Catholics alike, if they hear a Catholic give an interview to the media, saying that I am proud to be a Catholic but at the same time I hold these views." When asked about his usually outspoken manner in controversial issues, he responded, "Is there something unusual about a bishop saying that it’s wrong to be in favor of procured abortion? I’m a Roman Catholic priest and bishop. What else would you expect me to say?"

[edit] Bishops' policy on Holy Communion

In March 2009, in a videotaped interview with pro-life activist and Catholic convert Randall Terry, Archbishop Burke called on American bishops to withhold Communion from Catholic politicians who support legalized abortion.[39] The bishops' failure to do so, Burke said, "is weakening the faith of everyone. It's giving the impression that it must be morally correct to support procured abortion."[39] He also called President Barack Obama "an agent of death" for his pro-choice views.[39] Terry called for the removal of several bishops, including Paul Loverde and Donald Wuerl, for not denying Communion to these politicians.

After the interview was released, Burke's remarks were met with criticism. Archbishop Wuerl, noting that "incrimination of others has become a hallmark among some groups and individuals in the Catholic Church in our country today," stated that, "Christians must not only speak the truth but must also do so in love."[40] Burke apologized to his "brother bishops" for the "misuse" of his statements -- but not their substance -- saying, "Mr. Terry has used the videotape for another purpose which I find most objectionable."[41] He clarified that he made his remarks not in his position as Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura, head of the Vatican's highest court, but simply as a pro-life bishop.[41]

[edit] Published works

  • Lack of discretion of judgment because of schizophrenia: doctrine and recent rotal jurisprudence, Doctoral Dissertation, (Rome: Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1986). See also "Defectus discretionis iudicii propter schizophreniam: Doctrina et recens iurisprudentia," Periodica, 73 (1984) 555-570; and "Lack of Discretion of Judgment: Canonical Doctrine and Legislation," in The Jurist, 45 (1985) 171-209.
  • "Canon 1095, 1° and 2°," in Incapacity for marriage: Jurisprudence and Interpretation, Acts of the III Gregorian Collguium, Robert M. Sable, coordinator and editor (Rome: Pontificia Università Gregoriana, 1987).
  • In I procedimenti speciali nel diritto canonico, Studi giuridici 27 (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1992): "La procedura amministrativa per la dichiarazione di nullità del matrimonio," 93-105, and "Il processo di dispensa dal matrimonio rato e non consummato: la grazia pontificia e la sua natura," 135-144.
  • "The Application of Canon 1095 and sacramental-pastoral activity concerning marriage," in Ius in vita et in missione Ecclesiæ, Acta Symposii internationalis iuris canonici occurrente X anniversario promulgationis Codicis iuris canonici diebus 19-24 aprilis 1993 in Civitate Vaticana celebrati, Pontificia Concilium de legum textibus interpretandis (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1994) 1095–1102.
  • "The Distinction of Personnel in Hierarchically Related Tribunals," in Studia canonica, 28 (1994) 85-98.
  • "Canon 1421: The Nullity of a Decision by a Single Lay Judge," [1994] in Arthur J. Espelage, OFM (ed.), CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994–2000 (Washington, DC: CLSA, 2002) 451-452.
  • "Canons 1421–1422 and 1435–1436: The Exercise of the Office of Judge or Defender of the Bond by a Priest on Leave of Absence from Priestly Ministry," [1995, co-authored with Joseph R. Punderson] in Arthur J. Espelage, OFM (ed.), CLSA Advisory Opinions 1994–2000 (Washington, DC: CLSA, 2002) 453-454.
  • "La "confessio iudicialis" e le dichiarizioni giudiziali delle parti," in I mezzi di prova nelle cause matrimoniali secondo la giurisprudenza rotale, Studi Giuridici XXXVIII (Vatican City: Libreria editrice Vaticana, 1995) 15-30.
  • Commentary on the July 12, 1993, Decree of the Apostolic Signatura relating to the qualifications of advocates, Canadian Canon Law Society Newsletter, 21 (1996) 9-13; for Spanish translation see: "Abogados, uniones matrimoniales irregulares y causas de nulidad matrimonial: Texto y comentario de una Respuesta de Tribunal Supremo de la Signatura Apostolica," in REDC, 51 (1994) 639-645.
  • "Canon Law at the Service of the New Evangelization," given on the occasion of receiving the Role of Law Award from the Canon Law Society of America, in Canon Law Society of America Proceedings, 62 (2000) 497-500; introductory remarks of gratitude, 495-496.
  • "On Our Civic Responsibility for the Common Good," (Saint Louis: Archdiocese of Saint Louis, 2004).
  • "Canon 915: The Discipline Regarding the Denial of Holy Communion to Those Obstinately Persevering in Manifest Grave Sin," in Periodica, 96 (2007) 3-58.

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ Aquinas High School .:History:
  2. ^ David M. Cheney, Archbishop Raymond Leo Burke [Catholic Hierarchy], http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bburke.html (updated Oct 26, 2006).
  3. ^ Id.
  4. ^ Welcome to the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe
  5. ^ La Crosse Tribune - 7.0 : ‘Return to Beauty’: Shrine could bring international spotlight to La Crosse
  6. ^ La Crosse Tribune - 7.0 : Archbishop dedicates shrine's Rosary Walk
  7. ^ http://www.insidethevatican.com/newsflash/2009/newsflash-jun-13-09.htm
  8. ^ 'Synod V, Acts: Celebrated June 11-14/Diocese of La Crosse' (c.2003), La Crosse Public Library archives vault, La Crosse, Wisconsin.
  9. ^ New Page
  10. ^ La Crosse Tribune - 7.0 : Burke named archbishop of St. Louis
  11. ^ La Crosse Tribune - 7.0 : Bishop Burke doesn't mind ‘taking the heat'
  12. ^ La Crosse Tribune - 7.0 : Burke bids farewell
  13. ^ La Crosse Tribune - 7.0 : Activist reputation precedes Burke
  14. ^ http://www.institute-christ-king.org/documents/Jul07Newsletter.pdf
  15. ^ St. Louis archbishop, others tapped for Vatican's supreme court - Catholic Online
  16. ^ Whispers in the Loggia. Prima dell'Esodo: The Wednesday Mash-Up June 27, 2007
  17. ^ Catholic World News. Vatican confirms briefing on motu proprio; publication near June 28, 2007
  18. ^ Welcome to the Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe
  19. ^ EWTN.com - Three U.S. Prelates Given Vatican Slots by Benedict XVI
  20. ^ http://www.lacrossetribune.com/articles/2008/06/27/breakingnews/05burke.txt
  21. ^ http://www.lacrossetribune.com/articles/2008/06/28/news/01burke0628.txt
  22. ^ EWTN.com - Archbishop Burke Named to Top Vatican Canonical Post
  23. ^ Whispers in the Loggia: More Burke
  24. ^ http://www.stlouisreview.com/article.php?id=15879
  25. ^ http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0804933.htm
  26. ^ http://catholicnewsagency.com/new.php?n=14006
  27. ^ [1]
  28. ^ Gay, Malcolm (2004-8-25), "Bishop Takes Queen", The Riverfront Times, http://www.riverfronttimes.com/2004-08-25/news/bishop-takes-queen/ 
  29. ^ "The St. Louis archbishop made headlines earlier this year when he said he would refuse to give Communion to the Democratic presidential candidate, Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass., a Catholic who supports legal abortion." (Archbishop Burke says he'll continue politics-abortion campaign, by John Thavis, CNS, Nov 29 2004)
  30. ^ Id. canon 915 ("Ad sacram communionem ne admittantur excommunicati et interdicti post irrogationem vel declarationem poenae aliique in manifesto gravi peccato obstinate perseverantes.").
  31. ^ Codex Iuris Canonici canon 916 ("Qui conscius est peccati gravis, sine praemissa sacramentali confessione Missam ne celebret neve Corpori Domini communicet, nisi adsit gravis ratio et deficiat opportunitas confitendi; quo in casu meminerit se obligatione teneri ad eliciendum actum perfectae contritionis, qui includit propositum quam primum confitendi.").
  32. ^ Archbishop Raymond Burke of St. Louis had informed his archdiocese that "Catholics in St. Louis who vote for political candidates supportive of abortion rights have committed a grave sin in the eyes of the Church, and should confess and do penance before receiving Communion."("Voting for abortion rights candidate is a sin," SLToday.com, June 25, 2004 [2])
  33. ^ http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/0403830.htm
  34. ^ Washington Post. Archbishop Blasts Sheryl Crow Appearance April 25, 2007
  35. ^ Whispers in the Loggia. Burke's Plea: No Crow April 25, 2007
  36. ^ STLtoday. Archbishop says Majerus should be disciplined January 22, 2008
  37. ^ Ibid.
  38. ^ St. Louis Review. Archbishop Burke addresses Catholic identity February 1, 2008
  39. ^ a b c Fox, Thomas C. (2009-03-26). "Vatican official chides U.S. bishops on abortion". National Catholic Reporter. http://ncronline.org/news/politics/vatican-official-chides-us-bishops-abortion. 
  40. ^ Wuerl, Donald (2009-03-17). "Casting the First Stone". My Catholic Standard. http://cathstan.org/main.asp?SectionID=14&SubSectionID=79&ArticleID=2349&TM=42864.4. 
  41. ^ a b Fox, Thomas C. (2009-03-26). "Burke apologizes for remarks critical of U.S. bishops". National Catholic Reporter. http://ncronline.org/news/politics/burke-apolgizes-remarks-critical-us-bishops. 
Roman Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
John Joseph Paul		 Bishop of La Crosse
December 10, 1994–December 2, 2003		 Succeeded by
Jerome Edward Listecki
Preceded by
Justin Rigali		 Archbishop of Saint Louis
December 2, 2004–June 27, 2008		 Succeeded by
Robert James Carlson
Preceded by
Agostino Vallini		 Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
June 27, 2008–incumbent		 Succeeded by
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