International recognition of Israel

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Recognition of Israel)
Jump to: navigation, search
This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help us clarify the article; suggestions may be found on the talk page. (December 2012)
  Countries that have never recognised Israel
  Countries that have retracted recognition

The international recognition of Israel refers to the diplomatic recognition of the State of Israel which was established by the Israeli Declaration of Independence on 14 May 1948. 160 of the 192 other UN member states (83%) currently recognise Israel.

Contents

History [edit]

On 29 November 1947, the United Nations General Assembly approved a plan to partition Palestine with the creation of a Jewish and an Arab State. Jerusalem was to become an international city. The next day, a civil war erupted in Mandatory Palestine. With the end of the British Mandate for Palestine on 14 May 1948, the Jewish community issued their Declaration of Independence and established the State of Israel in the territory allocated by the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine for the Jewish state, but without specifying its borders.[1] Neighbouring Arab States and the Arab League were opposed to any partition of Palestine and declared their intention to intervene to prevent its implementation. Over the next few days, armies of Egypt, Trans-Jordan, Iraq, and Syria entered the former Mandate territory and fought the Israelis.

On the declaration of independence, a Provisional government of Israel was established; and while the 1948 Arab–Israeli War was still in progress, the Provisional government was promptly recognised by the United States as the de facto authority of Israel,[2][3] followed by Iran (which had voted against the UN partition plan), Guatemala, Iceland, Nicaragua, Romania, and Uruguay. The Soviet Union was the first country to recognise Israel de jure on 17 May 1948,[4] followed by Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Ireland, and South Africa.[citation needed] The United States extended de jure recognition after the first Israeli election,[5] on 31 January 1949.[6]

On 15 May 1948, one day after its establishment, Israel applied for membership of the United Nations, but the application was not acted on by the Security Council. Israel's second application was rejected by the Security Council on 17 December 1948 by a 5 to 1 vote, with 5 abstentions. Syria was the sole negative vote; the U.S., Argentina, Colombia, the Soviet Union and Ukraine voted in favor; and Belgium, Britain, Canada, China and France abstained. The application was renewed in 1949, after the Israeli elections. The Security Council on 4 March 1949 voted 9 to 1 in favour of membership, with 1 abstention. On 11 May, the General Assembly by the requisite two-thirds majority approved the application to admit Israel to the UN by United Nations General Assembly Resolution 273.[7][8] The vote in the General Assembly was 37 to 12, with 9 abstentions.[10]

From 1948 to the late 1960s, Israel established diplomatic relations with almost all countries of Western Europe, North and South America, as well as much of Africa. Some states recognise Israel as a state, but have no diplomatic relations.

In the wake of the Six-Day War, to put additional diplomatic and military pressure on Israel, Arab oil-producing countries threatened to impose an oil embargo on countries with international relations with Israel. As a result, many African and Asian countries broke ties with Israel. On 1 September 1967, the eight members of the Arab League issued the Khartoum Resolution which included a pledge not to recognise Israel. Similar pressure was exerted after the Arab-Israeli War of 1973. Several countries once had diplomatic relations with Israel, but have since broken or suspended them (Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua and Venezuela in Latin America; Mauritania in the Arab League; Chad, Guinea, Mali and Niger in non-Arab Africa; and Iran until the Islamic revolution).

Following Israel's recognition of and entering into negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) many African, Asian and even Arab countries restored diplomatic relations with Israel. The Vatican entered into diplomatic relations with Israel in 1994. Several countries broke or suspended relations as a result of the 2006 Israeli-Lebanese War and the blockade of the Gaza Strip.

At present, a total of 32 United Nations member states do not recognise the State of Israel: 18 of the 22 members of the Arab League: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Djibouti, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen; a further 11 members of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Chad, Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Mali, Niger, and Pakistan; and Bhutan, Cuba, and North Korea.[11] in 2002, the Arab League proposed the recognition of Israel by Arab countries as part of the resolution of the Palestine-Israel conflict in the Arab Peace Initiative.

List by country [edit]

Legend:[inconsistent][dubious – discuss]

= States that do not formally recognise Israel.
= States that have withdrawn recognition.
= States that recognise Israel

UN member states [edit]

State Date of de facto recognition Date of de jure recognition Notes
—  Afghanistan[12] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[citation needed]
70001000000000000001  Albania — 01949-04-1616 April 1949[13] Established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1991.[14]
—  Algeria[15][16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[17]
70002000000000000002  Andorra — 01994-04-1313 April 1994[18]
70003000000000000003  Angola — 01992-04-1616 April 1992[19] Date full diplomatic relations established
70004000000000000004  Antigua and Barbuda — 01983-06-2222 June 1983[20] Date full diplomatic relations established
70005000000000000005  Argentina — 01949-02-1414 February 1949[21]
70006000000000000006  Armenia — 01992-04-044 April 1992[22] Date full diplomatic relations established
70007000000000000007  Australia — 01949-01-2929 January 1949[23]
70008000000000000008  Austria 01949-03-1515 March 1949[24] 01956-05-088 May 1956 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Prior to that, the two countries had maintained consular relations since 1950. Delegations were upgraded to embassy status in 1959.[25]
70009000000000000009  Azerbaijan — 01992-04-077 April 1992[26] Date full diplomatic relations established.
700110000000000000010  Bahamas — 01974-09-2424 September 1974[27] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Bahrain[28] — — Israel maintained a representative mission in Manama from 1996 until it was closed in 2000.[29] In October 2009, parliament ruled that any form of relations with Israel or its people (government, business or private) was illegal, and banned the government from establishing diplomatic relations.[30]
—  Bangladesh[31][32] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[33]
700111000000000000011  Barbados — 01967-08-2929 August 1967[34] Date full diplomatic relations established
700112000000000000012  Belarus 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35] 01992-05-2626 May 1992[36] Date full diplomatic relations established
700113000000000000013  Belgium — 01950-01-1515 January 1950[37]
700114000000000000014  Belize — 01984-09-066 September 1984[38] Date full diplomatic relations established
700115000000000000015  Benin — 01961-12-055 December 1961[39] Date full diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and resumed in July 1992.[40][41]
—  Bhutan[11] — —
700116000000000000016  Bolivia 01949-02-2222 February 1949[42] 01949-02-2424 February 1949[43] Bolivia cut ties with Israel in January 2009.[44]
700117000000000000017  Bosnia and Herzegovina — 01997-09-2626 September 1997[45] Date full diplomatic relations established
700118000000000000018  Botswana [when?] [when?] Broke off relations on November 1973, restored in December 1993.
700119000000000000019  Brazil — 01949-02-077 February 1949[46]
—  Brunei[11] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[47]
700120000000000000020  Bulgaria — 01948-12-044 December 1948 Relations severed on 10 June 1967, and restored on 3 May 1990.[48]
700121000000000000021  Burkina Faso — 01961-07-055 July 1961[39] Date full diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973, and re-established in October 1993.[40][41][49]
700122000000000000022  Burundi [when?] [when?] Relations severed in May 1973,[41] and restored in March 1995.
700123000000000000023  Cambodia — 01960-08-3030 August 1960 Date full diplomatic relations established. Cambodia broke off relations in 1975; they were restored on 5 October 1993.[50][51]
700124000000000000024  Cameroon — 01960-09-1515 September 1960[52] Date full diplomatic relations established. Relations severed in October 1973 and restored in August 1986.[41][53]
700125000000000000025  Canada — 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35][54]
700126000000000000026  Cape Verde — 01994-07-1717 July 1994[55] Date full diplomatic relations established
700127000000000000027  Central African Republic [when?] [when?] Relations were broken in October 1973,[41] were resumed in January 1991.
—  Chad — 01961-01-1010 January 1961 Relations were established in 1961, but were severed on 28 November 1972.[41][56] Chad currently does not recognise Israel.[57] In 2005, reports emerged of a mutual intention to renew diplomatic relations.[58]
700128000000000000028  Chile — 01949-02-055 February 1949[42]
700129000000000000029  People's Republic of China — 01992-01-2424 January 1992 The Republic of China granted de jure recognition to Israel on 1 March 1949.[42] The two states maintained full diplomatic relations until Israel's recognition of the People's Republic of China on 8 January 1950. The PRC, however, did not formally reciprocate until the eventual establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992.[59]
700130000000000000030  Colombia — 01949-02-011 February 1949[42]
—  Comoros[11] — —
700131000000000000031  Republic of the Congo — 01960-11-099 November 1960 Date full diplomatic relations established. Broke relations on 31 December 1972, resumed in August 1991.
700132000000000000032  Democratic Republic of the Congo — 01960-06-2626 June 1960 Date full diplomatic relations established. Ties severed on 4 October 1973, and restored on 13 May 1982.[41][60]
700133000000000000033  Costa Rica — 01948-06-1919 June 1948[61]
700134000000000000034  Ivory Coast 01961-02-1515 February 1961 01961-05-2424 May 1961[39] Date full diplomatic relations established. Prior to this date, it had maintained trade relations since 15 February 1961. Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in February 1986.[40][41]
700135000000000000035  Croatia — 01997-09-044 September 1997[62] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Cuba 01949-01-1414 January 1949 01949-04-1818 April 1949[63] Cuba broke relations with Israel in September 1973, and the current government does not recognise it.[11]
700136000000000000036  Cyprus — 01961-01-2121 January 1961 Date full diplomatic relations established. They had been agreed to on 17 August 1960, but final establishment was postponed due to pressure from Arab nations.[64]
700137000000000000037  Czech Republic — 01948-05-1818 May 1948[65] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with the Czech Republic were established 1 January 1993.[66]
700138000000000000038  Denmark 01949-02-022 February 1949[42] 01950-07-1212 July 1950[67]
—  Djibouti[11] — —
700139000000000000039  Dominica — 01978-01-01January 1978[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
700140000000000000040  Dominican Republic — 01948-12-2929 December 1948[68]
700141000000000000041  Ecuador — 01949-02-022 February 1949[42]
700142000000000000042  Egypt — 01979-03-2626 March 1979[69] Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[16] Later became the first Arab state to recognise Israel, with the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty.
700143000000000000043  El Salvador — 01948-09-1111 September 1948[70]
700144000000000000044  Equatorial Guinea [when?] [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in January 1994.[71]
700145000000000000045  Eritrea — 01993-05-066 May 1993[51][72] Date full diplomatic relations established
700146000000000000046  Estonia — 01992-01-099 January 1992[73] Date full diplomatic relations established
700147000000000000047  Ethiopia — 01961-10-2424 October 1961[74] Prior to de jure recognition, Ethiopia maintained consular relations with Israel since 1956. Relations were broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in November 1989.
700148000000000000048  Fiji — 01970-08-01August 1970[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
700149000000000000049  Finland[75] 01948-06-1111 June 1948[76] 01949-03-1818 March 1949
700150000000000000050  France — 01949-01-2424 January 1949[77]
700151000000000000051  Gabon[50] — 01993-09-2929 September 1993[78] Relations severed in October 1973,[41] and resumed in September 1993.
700152000000000000052  Gambia — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in September 1992.
700153000000000000053  Georgia — 01992-06-011 June 1992[79] Date full diplomatic relations established
700154000000000000054  Germany 01952-09-1010 September 1952[80] 01965-05-1212 May 1965[81] Date full diplomatic relations established. Prior to this, Germany signed the Reparations agreement with Israel.
700155000000000000055  Ghana — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in August 1994.
700156000000000000056  Greece[74] 01949-03-1515 March 1949 01990-05-2121 May 1990[82] Date full diplomatic relations established
700157000000000000057  Grenada — 01975-01-01January 1975[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
700158000000000000058  Guatemala — 01948-05-1919 May 1948[65]
—  Guinea[11] — [when?] Broke relations with Israel on 12 June 1967.[41]
700159000000000000059  Guinea-Bissau — 01994-03-01March 1994[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
700160000000000000060  Guyana — [when?] Broke off relations in March 1974, restored in March 1992.
700161000000000000061  Haiti 01949-02-2626 February 1949[42] 01950-01-01January 1950[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
700162000000000000062  Honduras[68][83] 01948-09-1111 September 1948 01948-11-088 November 1948[78]
700163000000000000063  Hungary[84] 01948-05-2424 May 1948 01948-06-011 June 1948[76] Relations broken in 1967, and restored on 19 September 1989.[85]
700164000000000000064  Iceland 01949-02-1111 February 1949[42] [when?]
700165000000000000065  India — 01950-09-1717 September 1950[86]
—  Indonesia[32] — — Can only travel to Indonesia with an invitation from the Department of Immigration of Indonesia. General Israeli citizens are prohibited from entering the country.[87]
—  Iran[88] 01950-03-1414 March 1950[89] — Voted against UN Partition Plan, recognised Israel, but voted against admission of Israel to membership of UN. Does not accept Israeli passports[90] and the holders of Iranian passports are "not entitled to travel to the occupied Palestine"[91]
—  Iraq[92] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[citation needed]
700166000000000000066  Ireland[93] 01949-02-1212 February 1949 01963-05-01May 1963[93]
700167000000000000067  Italy[42] 01949-02-088 February 1949 [when?]
700168000000000000068  Jamaica[78] 01962-01-01January 1962[contradictory] —
700169000000000000069  Japan — 01952-05-1515 May 1952[94]
700170000000000000070  Jordan — 01994-10-2626 October 1994[95] Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[16] Later became the second Arab state to recognise Israel in the Israel–Jordan peace treaty.
700171000000000000071  Kazakhstan — 01992-04-1010 April 1992[96] Date full diplomatic relations established
700172000000000000072  Kenya — 01963-12-01December 1963[97][78] Severed relation in November 1973,[41] resumed in December 1988.
700173000000000000073  Kiribati — 01984-05-2121 May 1984[98] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  North Korea[99] — —
700174000000000000074  Republic of Korea — 01962-04-1010 April 1962[100] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Kuwait[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[101]
700175000000000000075  Kyrgyzstan — 01992-03-01March 1992[78]
700176000000000000076  Laos — 01957-02-01February 1957 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established. Laos broke off relations in 1973; they were restored on 6 December 1993.[102]
700177000000000000077  Latvia — 01992-01-066 January 1992[103] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Lebanon[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[104]
700178000000000000078  Lesotho — [when?]
700179000000000000079  Liberia 01949-02-1111 February 1949[84] [when?] Relations severed in November 1973, and resumed in August 1983.[40][41]
—  Libya[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[105]
700180000000000000080  Liechtenstein — 01992-01-01January 1992[78]
700181000000000000081  Lithuania — 01992-01-088 January 1992[106] Date full diplomatic relations established
700182000000000000082  Luxembourg 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35] 01950-01-1616 January 1950[107]
700183000000000000083  Macedonia — 01995-12-077 December 1995[66] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
700184000000000000084  Madagascar — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in January 1994.
700185000000000000085  Malawi — 01964-07-01July 1964[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Malaysia[32] — — Does not admit Israeli passport holders without written permission from the government.[108]
700186000000000000086  Maldives — 02009-09-2525 September 2009[109] Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.
—  Mali[11] — [when?] Relations severed on 5 January 1973.[41]
700187000000000000087  Malta 01965-01-01January 1965[78] 01965-12-01December 1965[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
700188000000000000088  Marshall Islands — 01987-09-1616 September 1987[110]
700189000000000000089  Mauritania — 01999-10-2828 October 1999[111] Relations were suspended on 6 March 2009,[112] severed on 21 March 2010[113]
700190000000000000090  Mauritius[50] — [when?] Severed relation in July 1976, restored in September 1993.
700191000000000000091  Mexico 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35] 01952-04-044 April 1952[114]
700192000000000000092  Federated States of Micronesia[115] — 01988-11-2323 November 1988 Date full diplomatic relations established
700193000000000000093  Moldova[116] — 01992-06-2222 June 1992
700194000000000000094  Monaco — 01964-01-01January 1964[66]
700195000000000000095  Mongolia[117] — 01991-10-022 October 1991
700196000000000000096  Montenegro[118] — 02006-07-1212 July 2006
—  Morocco[11][16] 01994-09-011 September 1994[119] —
700197000000000000097  Mozambique[50][51] — 01993-07-2323 July 1993
700198000000000000098  Myanmar[120] — 01953-07-1313 July 1953 Date full diplomatic relations established
700199000000000000099  Namibia[51][121] — 01994-02-1111 February 1994
7002100000000000000100  Nauru[66] — 01994-12-01December 1994
7002101000000000000101  Nepal[122] — 01960-06-011 June 1960 Date full diplomatic relations established
7002102000000000000102  Netherlands 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35] 01950-01-1616 January 1950[107]
7002103000000000000103  New Zealand 01949-01-2929 January 1949[42] [when?]
7002104000000000000104  Nicaragua — 01948-05-1818 May 1948[68] In June 2010, Nicaragua suspended diplomatic ties with Israel.[123]
—  Niger[11] — — Relations severed on 4 January 1973.[39][41]
7002105000000000000105  Nigeria[124] 01960-01-011960 [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] were resumed in May 1992.
7002106000000000000106  Norway — 01949-02-044 February 1949[125]
—  Oman[11] 01996-01-2828 January 1996[126] — Does not accept Israeli passports.[127]
—  Pakistan[128] — — Does not accept Israeli passports and Pakistani passports are not valid for travel to Israel.[129]
7002107000000000000107  Palau[50][51] — 01994-10-022 October 1994
7002108000000000000108  Panama — 01948-06-1919 June 1948[61]
7002109000000000000109  Papua New Guinea — [when?]
7002110000000000000110  Paraguay 01948-09-066 September 1948[68] 01948-09-077 September 1948[130]
7002111000000000000111  Peru — 01949-02-099 February 1949[42]
7002112000000000000112  Philippines 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35] 01957-05-1313 May 1957[131]
7002113000000000000113  Poland — 01948-05-1818 May 1948[65] Relations were broken in 1967, restored in February 1990.[132]
7002114000000000000114  Portugal[133] 01977-05-1212 May 1977 [when?]
—  Qatar[11] 01996-04-01April 1996[66] — In April 1996, Qatar and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices.[134] Trade offices closed in February 2009.[66]
7002115000000000000115  Romania[135] 01948-06-1111 June 1948 01948-06-1212 June 1948[76]
7002116000000000000116  Russia — 01948-05-1717 May 1948[65][136][137] Recognition extended as the Soviet Union. Relations broken in 1967, restored on 19 October 1991.[138]
7002117000000000000117  Rwanda — [when?] Relations severed in October 1973,[41] and restored in October 1994.
7002118000000000000118  Saint Kitts and Nevis — 01984-01-01January 1984[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002119000000000000119  Saint Lucia — 01979-01-01January 1979[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002120000000000000120  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines — 01981-01-01January 1981[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002121000000000000121  Samoa — 01977-06-01June 1977[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002122000000000000122  San Marino[139] — 01995-03-011 March 1995
7002123000000000000123  São Tomé and Príncipe — 01993-11-01November 1993[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Saudi Arabia[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[140]
7002124000000000000124  Senegal 01960-01-011960[78] — Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in August 1994.
7002125000000000000125  Serbia 01948-05-1818 May 1948 01948-05-1919 May 1948[141] Recognition extended as Yugoslavia. Diplomatic relations established 9 October 1991.[66][142]
7002126000000000000126  Seychelles — 01992-09-01September 1992[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002127000000000000127  Sierra Leone — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in May 1992.
7002128000000000000128  Singapore[143] — 01969-05-1111 May 1969 Date full diplomatic relations established
7002129000000000000129  Slovakia — 01948-05-1818 May 1948[65] Recognition extended under Czechoslovakia. Relations under Czechoslovakia were severed between June 1967 and February 1990. Diplomatic relations with Slovakia were established 1 January 1993.[144]
7002130000000000000130  Slovenia[145] — 01992-04-2828 April 1992
7002131000000000000131  Solomon Islands — 01989-01-01January 1989[66]
—  Somalia[146] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[citation needed]
7002132000000000000132  South Africa 01948-05-2424 May 1948[65] 01949-05-1414 May 1949[147][148]
7002133000000000000133  South Sudan[149] — 02011-07-2828 July 2011 Date given is the date full diplomatic relations were established.[150]
7002134000000000000134  Spain[151] 01986-01-1717 January 1986 [when?]
7002135000000000000135  Sri Lanka[152] 01950-09-1616 September 1950 [when?]
—  Sudan[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[153]
7002136000000000000136  Suriname — 01976-02-01February 1976[66]
7002137000000000000137  Swaziland — 01968-09-01September 1968[66]
7002138000000000000138  Sweden[42] 01949-02-1515 February 1949 01950-06-1313 June 1950[67]
7002139000000000000139  Switzerland[154] 01949-01-2525 January 1949 [when?]
—  Syria[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[155]
7002140000000000000140  Tajikistan — 01992-04-01April 1992[66]
7002141000000000000141  Tanzania — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in February 1995.
7002142000000000000142  Thailand 01950-09-2626 September 1950[156] [when?]
7002143000000000000143  East Timor[157] — 02002-08-2929 August 2002
7002144000000000000144  Togo — [when?] Relations severed in September 1973,[41] and restored in June 1987.[40]
7002145000000000000145  Tonga — 01977-06-01June 1977[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002146000000000000146  Trinidad and Tobago[66] 01962-01-01January 1962[contradictory] —
—  Tunisia[16] 01994-10-033 October 1994[51][158] —[159]
7002147000000000000147  Turkey 01949-03-2828 March 1949[160] 01950-03-1212 March 1950[161] In September 2011, Turkey downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level.[162]
7002148000000000000148  Turkmenistan[163] — 01993-10-066 October 1993 Date full diplomatic relations established
7002149000000000000149  Tuvalu — 01984-07-01July 1984[66] Date full diplomatic relations established
7002150000000000000150  Uganda — [when?] Broke relations on 30 March 1972,[41] and restored in July 1994.
7002151000000000000151  Ukraine 01949-05-1111 May 1949[35] 01991-12-2626 December 1991[164]
—  United Arab Emirates[165] — — Accept Israeli passports for transit only, does not accept for admission.[166]
7002152000000000000152  United Kingdom 01949-05-1313 May 1949[167] 01950-04-2828 April 1950[107]
7002153000000000000153  United States[168] 01948-05-1414 May 1948 01949-01-3131 January 1949[169]
7002154000000000000154  Uruguay — 01948-05-1919 May 1948[65]
7002155000000000000155  Uzbekistan[170] — 01992-02-2121 February 1992 Date full diplomatic relations established
7002156000000000000156  Vanuatu[50][51] — 01993-12-1616 December 1993 Date full diplomatic relations established
7002157000000000000157  Venezuela — 01948-06-2727 June 1948[68]
7002158000000000000158  Vietnam[171] — 01993-07-1212 July 1993 Date full diplomatic relations established
—  Yemen[16] — — Does not accept Israeli passports.[172]
7002159000000000000159  Zambia — [when?] Relations broken in October 1973,[41] and resumed in December 1991.
7002160000000000000160  Zimbabwe[50][51] — 01993-11-2626 November 1993 Date full diplomatic relations established

Non-UN member states [edit]

State Date of recognition Notes
 Cook Islands[173] 02008-01-012008
 State of Palestine[174] 01993-01-011993 Signatory to the Khartoum Declaration.[16] Recognise Israel as part of the Oslo I Accord.
 Republic of China[175] 01949-03-011 March 1949
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic[citation needed] — —
 Vatican City[176] 01994-06-1515 June 1994

See also [edit]

References [edit]

  1. ^ Jewish Virtual Library: Letter From the Agent of the Provisional Government of Israel to the President of the United States: May 15, 1948: Retrieved 15 May 2012
  2. ^ End of Palestine mandate, The Times, 15 May 1948
  3. ^ Harry S. Truman Library and Museum. "The Recognition of the State of Israel". Retrieved 25 November 2011. 
  4. ^ Hashim S. H. Behbehani‏ (1986). The Soviet Union and Arab nationalism, 1917-1966. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-7103-0213-7. 
  5. ^ Press Release, 31 January 1949. Official File, Truman Papers Truman Library
  6. ^ The Recognition of the State of Israel: Introduction Truman Library
  7. ^ Israeli War of Independence
  8. ^ Neff, Donald. "Third Time's a Charm: Israel Admitted as U.N. Member in 1949". Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (American Educational Trust) (July 2011): 24. Retrieved 2011-11-25. 
  9. ^ Official record of the 207th Plenary Meeting of the General Assembly, 11 May 1949
  10. ^ Those voting for were: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominican Republic,Ecuador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Ukraine, South Africa, Soviet Union, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, and Yugoslavia.
    Those voting against were: Afghanistan, Burma, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Yemen.
    Those which abstained were: Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, El Salvador, Greece, Siam, Sweden, Turkey and United Kingdom.[9]
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l United States Congress (5 June 2008). "H. RES. 1249".  Since the publication of this document, Maldives has recognized Israel.
  12. ^ Staff writers (9 January 2006). "Kabul will forge Israel ties if Palestinians form State: Karzai". Pak Tribune (Pakistan News Service). Retrieved 2011-08-05. 
  13. ^ Govrin, Yosef (2005). "Annals of Israeli-Albanian Contacts on Establishing Diplomatic". Jewish Political Studies Review 17 (3-4). Retrieved 24 September 2011. 
  14. ^ "Albania and Israel in Accord To Establish Diplomatic Ties". The New York Times. 20 August 1991. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  15. ^ Lederer, Edith M. (14 December 2007). "Israel signs condolence book to Algeria bombing victims despite no diplomatic relations". The Associated Press.  "Ambassador Dan Gillerman told ... 'Algeria does not recognize Israel and has not even made any steps towards normalizing its relations with Israel'."
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Khartoum Declaration (1 September 1967), League of Arab States.
  17. ^ "Visa information: Algeria". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. Retrieved 2011-09-25. 
  18. ^ Government of Andorra. "Asia". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  19. ^ Zionist Organization of America; Jewish Agency for Israel (1993). Israel yearbook and almanac 47. IBRT Translation/Documentation Ltd. 
  20. ^ Permanent Representative of Antigua and Barbuda to the United Nations. "Chronology of Antigua and Barbuda's bilateral relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  21. ^ Roth, Cecil (ed.). Encyclopaedia Judaica (1972), Volume 3, p. 426.
  22. ^ Government of Armenia. "Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  23. ^ Danny Ben-Moshe, Zohar Segev (2007). Israel, the Diaspora, and Jewish identity. p. 262. ISBN 978-1-84519-189-4. 
  24. ^ Af Thomas Albrich; Ronald W. Zweig (2002). Escape through Austria: Jewish refugees and the Austrian route to Palestine. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-5213-9. 
  25. ^ Government of Austria. "Bilateral Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
  26. ^ Government of Israel. "15th anniversary of Israel-Azerbaijan diplomatic relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  27. ^ Jewish currents 28. Morning Freiheit Association. 1974. p. 13. 
  28. ^ Staff writers (8 April 2011). "Bahrain-Mossad ties uncovered". Press TV. Retrieved 2011-10-16.  "Bahrain does not recognize Israel and traditionally supports the creation of an independent Palestinian state."
  29. ^ Gedalyahu, Tzvi Ben (27 June 2010). "Bahrain Red-Faced for ‘Kissing Camel’ Toy with Name ‘Israel’". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 2011-10-16.  "Bahrain does not recognize Israel as a state, but Israel maintained a diplomatic mission in Bahrain before it was closed in 2000 at the start of the Second Intifada."
  30. ^ Mohammed al-A'ali (28 October 2009). "Bahrain: MPs ban Israel links". Bilaterals.org. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
  31. ^ Freund, Michael (21 September 2006). "Bangladeshi Muslim editor faces death penalty for moderate views". Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
  32. ^ a b c Staff writers (21 August 2006). "Israeli troops shoot Hezbollah militants". Cable News Network. Retrieved 2011-10-16.  "Israel has rejected the participation of three nations that have offered troops -- Indonesia, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Israel noted that the three do not recognize the existence of Israel."
  33. ^ "Visa information: Bangladesh". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  34. ^ Government of Barbados. "List of countries with which Barbados has established diplomatic relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  35. ^ a b c d e f g "A/RES/273(III): Admission of Israel to membership in the United Nations". United Nations Bibliographic Information System. Retrieved 2011-09-25. 
  36. ^ Embassy of Belarus in Tel Aviv. "Belarus and Israel relations" (in Russian). Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  37. ^ Government of Belgium. "Diplomatic relations between Belgium and Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  38. ^ Encyclopaedia Judaica year book. 1986. "On September 6 the Foreign Ministry announced that Israel and Belize were establishing diplomatic relations." 
  39. ^ a b c d Yitzhak Oron (1961). Middle East Record 2. Moshe Dayan Center. p. 335. 
  40. ^ a b c d e "Bilateral Relations: Historical Overview" (in French). Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  41. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa Curtis, Michael; Gitelson, Susan Aurelia (1976). Israel in the Third World. Transaction Publishers. p. 312. ISBN 978-0-87855-603-8. 
  42. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Palestine affairs 4. American Zionist Emergency Council. 1949. 
  43. ^ Facts on file yearbook. Facts on File Inc. 1950. 
  44. ^ Staff writers (15 January 2009). "Bolivia cuts Israel ties over Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
  45. ^ Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina. "Lista zemalja koje su priznale Bosnu i Hercegovinu i datumi uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa" (in Bosnian). Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  46. ^ Vigevani, Tullo; Kleinas, Alberto (1999). "Brasil-Israel: da partilha da Palestina ao reconhecimento diplomático (1947-1949)" (in Portuguese). CEDEC. ISSN 0101-7780. Retrieved 27 July 2011. 
  47. ^ "Visa information: Brunei Darussalam". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. Retrieved 2011-09-25. 
  48. ^ Government of Bulgaria. "Diplomatic relations between Bulgaria and Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  49. ^ "Burkina Faso Fact File". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 24 September 2011. 
  50. ^ a b c d e f g Israel yearbook and almanac, 38-39. IBRT Translation/Documentation Ltd. 1994. 
  51. ^ a b c d e f g h Breakthrough: Israel in a changing world. Gad Yaacobi. 1996. p. 215. Retrieved 2011-08-05. 
  52. ^ Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960. Yitzhak Oron, Ed. 1960. p. 309. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  53. ^ Times Wire Services (27 August 2011). "Israel, Cameroon Restore Ties After 13-Year Break". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-10-16. 
  54. ^ Government of Canada (2009). Canada Israel Diplomatic Relations. 
  55. ^ "Chronology of events, June 1992–December 1994". Retrieved 2011-08-05. 
  56. ^ University of Dar es Salaam (1980). Taamuli 10 (2). Department of Political Science, East African Literature Bureau. p. 12. 
  57. ^ IBP USA (2011). Chad Foreign Policy and Government Guide. International Business Publications. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-4330-0641-8.  "In 1988, Chad recognized the State of Palestine, which maintains a mission in N'Djamena. Chad has not recognized the State of Israel."
  58. ^ See the following:
  59. ^ Abadi, Jacob (2004). Israel's quest for recognition and acceptance in Asia. Psychology Press. pp. 54–62. ISBN 978-0-7146-5576-5. 
  60. ^ Emizet F. Kisangani; F. Scott Bobb (2010). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Scarecrow Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-8108-5761-2. 
  61. ^ a b "Today in Costa Rica History". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  62. ^ "List of international treaties and international acts signed between the Republic of Croatia and the State of Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  63. ^ Levinson, Jay (2006). Jewish Community of Cuba: The Golden Age, 1906-1958. Westview Publishing Co. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-9776207-0-8. 
  64. ^ Yitzhak Oron (1960). Middle East Record Volume 1, 1960. The Israel Oriental Society. p. 181. 
  65. ^ a b c d e f g "AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK", 1950, p.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Israel's Diplomatic Missions Abroad: Status of relations". Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  67. ^ a b The Jewish Agency's digest of press and events, 2,Oplag 40–51. 1950. p. 1697. Retrieved 28 August 2011. 
  68. ^ a b c d e Israel of tomorrow, 2. Herald Square Press. 1949. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  69. ^ "Camp David Accords". Retrieved 2011-08-04. 
  70. ^ "Jews in El Salvador". Retrieved 2011-08-04. 
  71. ^ Africa research bulletin: Political, social, and cultural series, 31. Blackwell. 1994. p. 1348. "Equatorial Guinea re-established diplomatic relations with Israel on January 6th." 
  72. ^ "Calling a state a state: Somaliland and international recognition". Retrieved 2011-08-04. 
  73. ^ "Estonia and Israel". Retrieved 2011-08-04. 
  74. ^ a b Government of Israel. "Greece's Relations with Israel, 1961–1967". Prime Minister's Office, Israel State Archives. Retrieved 2011-10-28. 
  75. ^ "Finland and Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  76. ^ a b c Palestine affairs, 3. American Zionist Emergency Council. 1948. Retrieved 28 August 2011. 
  77. ^ Frédérique Schillo, La France et la création de l'État d'Israël: 18 février 1947-11 mai 1949, Artcom, 1997, ISBN 978-2-912741-02-8
  78. ^ a b c d e f g h "International Recognition of Israel". 
  79. ^ "Relations between Georgia and the State of Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  80. ^ Reparations agreement between Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany. JSTOR 2195023. 
  81. ^ "Germany's relations with Israel". 
  82. ^ Fred Skolnik, Michael Berenbaum (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica 8. Macmillan Reference USA in association with the Keter Pub. House. p. 845. ISBN 978-0-02-865928-2. 
  83. ^ Palestine affairs. American Zionist Emergency Council. 1948. 
  84. ^ a b Amos Jenkins Peaslee (1950). Constitutions of Nations: France to Poland. Rumford Press. p. 269. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  85. ^ "Hungary Restores Ties With Israel". 
  86. ^ The Transformation of Palestine: essays on the origin and development of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Northwestern University Press. 1971. p. 456.  Text "Ibrahim A. Abu-Lughod" ignored (help)
  87. ^ Requirements for Israeli citizens traveling to Indonesia
  88. ^ Brandenburg, R (2010). "Iran and the Palestinians". The Iran Primer. United States Institute of Peace. ISBN 978-1-60127-084-9. 
  89. ^ "Shah Censors Israel Relations". Retrieved 9 February 2013. 
  90. ^ "Visa information: Iran". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  91. ^ Moaveni, Azadeh (1 June 2009). "Roxana Saberi and How Journalism Works in Iran". Time. Time Inc. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. "Israel also figures into the peculiar regulations Iranian journalists must contend with. The fine print of my Iranian passport clearly states that the bearer of this passport is forbidden from traveling to occupied Palestine."" 
  92. ^ Guttman, N (12 June 2008). "Bill Presses Iraq To Recognize Israel". Forward (The Jewish Daily). Retrieved 2011-11-01. 
  93. ^ a b Shulamit Eliash, The harp and the shield of David: Ireland, Zionism and the State of Israel, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-35035-8, p.73
  94. ^ "Japan recognizes Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  95. ^ "Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty". 
  96. ^ "Kazakhstan–Israeli relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  97. ^ "Israel & Kenya: A History of Friendship". Retrieved 27 August 2011. 
  98. ^ Keesing's record of world events, 33. Longman. 1987. Retrieved 5 August 2011. "On May 21, 1984, diplomatic relations were established between Kiribati and Israel" 
  99. ^ Haggard, M (1965). "North Korea's International Position". Asian Survey (in English) (California: University of California Press) 5 (8): 375–388. ISSN 0004-4687. OCLC 48536955. 
  100. ^ "Bilateral relations between Republic of Korea and Israel". 
  101. ^ "Visa information: Kuwait". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  102. ^ Government of Laos (2 November 2007). "List of states which the Lao PDR has established diplomatic relations since 1950". Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2011-08-02. 
  103. ^ "The Virtual Jewish History Tour: Latvia". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  104. ^ "Visa information: Lebanon". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  105. ^ "Visa information: Libya". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  106. ^ Russia & Eurasia facts & figures annual, Volume 1. Academic International Press. 1993. p. 36. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  107. ^ a b c "Modern Israel & the Diaspora". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  108. ^ Yusof, Husna (2 November 2011). "Israelis allowed into Malaysia with conditions". The Sun Daily (The Sun). 
  109. ^ Israel renews diplomatic ties with the Maldives
  110. ^ "Countries with which the Marshall Islands has Diplomatic Relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  111. ^ "Israel and Mauritania to Establish Diplomatic Relations". Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 27 October 1999. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  112. ^ "Israel closes Mauritania embassy". 
  113. ^ "Mauritania formally severs diplomatic ties with Israel". 
  114. ^ "Mexico", in Encyclopaedia Judaica (2008)
  115. ^ "The FSM SUPPORTED ISRAEL IN THE APPROVAL OF RED CRYSTAL AS THIRD EMBLEM FOR THE RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES". Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  116. ^ "Israel and Moldova". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  117. ^ "Diplomatic relations of Mongolia". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  118. ^ "Dates of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  119. ^ "Israel and Morocco: A Special Relationship". Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  120. ^ "List of Countries having Diplomatic Relations with the Union of Myanmar". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  121. ^ Gad Yaacobi (1994). Breakthrough: Israel in a changing world. Longman. Retrieved 5 August 2011. "Israel and Namibia established diplomatic relations on Feb. 11. Namibia was the 12th country to establish relations with Israel since ils 1993" 
  122. ^ "Diplomatic relations between Denmark and Nepal". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  123. ^ "Nicaragua suspends diplomatic ties with Israel - Israel News, Ynetnews". Ynet. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2010. 
  124. ^ "Bilateral Relations: Israeli-Nigerian Bilateral Relations". Retrieved 27 August 2011. 
  125. ^ Norway: Country Study Guide, Volume 149 of World Country Study Guide Library, Int'l Business Publications, 2002, ISBN 0-7397-4398-8 p. 78
  126. ^ "Israel, Oman sign pact to exchange trade reps". Jerusalem Post. 28 January 1996. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  127. ^ "Visa information: Oman". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  128. ^ Staff writers (13 September 2005). "Musharraf says Pakistan not to recognize Israel". The People's Daily. Retrieved 2011-11-01. 
  129. ^ "Pakistan K1 Fiancee Visa Processing Times". Retrieved 27 August 2011. 
  130. ^ Israel digest: a bi-weekly summary of news from Israel, Part 1. srael Office of Information. 1950. 
  131. ^ "The ties that bind: Filipinos and Jews, the Philippines and Israel". 4 February 2007. Retrieved 4 August 2011. "Full diplomatic relations were established on May 13, 1957" 
  132. ^ "Poland Resumes Full Diplomatic Ties With Israel". 
  133. ^ David Allen and Alfred Pijpers (1984). European foreign policy-making and the Arab-Israeli conflict. p. 235. ISBN 90-247-2965-3. Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  134. ^ Political risk yearbook: Middle East & North Africa, 2. Frost & Sullivan. Political Risk Services, Political Risk Services (IBC USA (Publications) Inc.). 1998. p. 56. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  135. ^ Ambasada României la Tel Aviv
  136. ^ Yoram Dinstein, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1977, Volume 7; Volume 1977, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989, p. 273
  137. ^ Recognition of Israel JSTOR - The American Journal of International Law, Vol. 4, No. 3, July 1948.
  138. ^ "Israel and Soviets Restore Full Relations". 
  139. ^ "San Marino: Bilateral Conventions - Bilateral agreements with other States". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  140. ^ "Visa information: Saudi Arabia". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  141. ^ Edvard Kardelj, Yugoslavia's foreign policy: address delivered during the debate on the budget in the Federal Assembly on December 29th, 1948, 1949 p. 35
  142. ^ Daily report: East Europe, 192–201. The Service. 1991. p. 33 & 39. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  143. ^ "Diplomatic missions of Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  144. ^ "Slovakia and Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  145. ^ "Slovene embassy in Tel Aviv". Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  146. ^ American Universities Field Staff (1966). AUFS reports: Northeast Africa series. p. 5: "Somalia does not recognise Israel, and generally sides with the Arab cause in the Near Eastern controversy."
  147. ^ Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin. The Israeli Connection: Whom Israel Arms and Why, 1988. Page 109-111.
  148. ^ Shimoni, Gideon. Community and conscience: the Jews in apartheid South Africa. p. 23.
  149. ^ "Israel announces full diplomatic ties with South Sudan". Haaretz. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2011. 
  150. ^ "PM Netanyahu's Remarks at the Start of the Weekly Cabinet Meeting". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  151. ^ Norman Berdichevsky, "Spain and Israel - A Tale of Many Turns", New English Review, February 2009
  152. ^ Current history 33-34. Current History, inc. 1957. p. 311. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  153. ^ "Visa information: Sudan". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  154. ^ "Bilateral relations between Switzerland and Israel". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  155. ^ "Visa information: Syria". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  156. ^ The Jewish Agency's digest of press and events. Jewish Agency for Israel, Zionist Organisation, Jewish Agency for Israel. Information Dept. 1950. 
  157. ^ "Accredited Embassies to Timor-Leste from overseas". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  158. ^ The Middle East: Abstracts and index. Library Information and Research Service. 1999. Retrieved 5 August 2011. "Tunisia and Israel announced on 10/3/1994 the establishment of low-level diplomatic relations, a move that both countries described as the first step in the normalization of ties. The two countries will establish economic liaison." 
  159. ^ Larry Luxner (18 November 2010). "Envoy Determined to Protect Tunisia Against Extremism". The Washington Diplomat. Retrieved 2011-09-24. 
  160. ^ Bülent Aras, Palestinian Israeli peace process and Turkey, Nova Science Publishers, 1998, ISBN 978-1-56072-549-7, p. 115
  161. ^ The Jewish Agency's digest of press and events 8. Jewish Agency for Israel, Zionist Organisation, Jewish Agency for Israel. Information Dept. 1950. Retrieved 28 August 2011. 
  162. ^ Turkey downgrades ties with Israel, Aljazeera, 2 September 2011
  163. ^ "Israel firms ties with Turkmenistan". High Beam. 6 October 1993. Retrieved 5 August 2011. 
  164. ^ "Political relations between Israel and Ukraine". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  165. ^ Helem Chapin Metz (ed.) (1993) Persian Gulf States: A Country Study. Government of the United States, GPO for the Library of Congress.
  166. ^ "Visa information: UAE". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  167. ^ Abraham Mayer Heller, Israel's odyssey: a survey of Israel's renaissance, achievements, and problems, Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1959, p.83
  168. ^ Michael J. Devine, Robert P. Watson, & Robert J. Wolz, eds., "Israel and the Legacy of Harry S. Truman", Truman State University Press
  169. ^ The Recognition of the State of Israel Harry S. Truman Library & Museum
  170. ^ "List of States with which the Republic of Uzbekistan established diplomatic relations". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  171. ^ "List of countries which maintains diplomatic relations with the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  172. ^ "Visa information: Yemen". Timatic Web. Air Transport Association. 
  173. ^ "Israeli Ambassador visits the Cook Islands". Retrieved 4 August 2011. 
  174. ^ Enhancement of Palestine’s Status at the UN Position Paper (October 25, 2012): "The Palestinian step is consistent with the formal Palestinian recognition of Israel in 1993"
  175. ^ Efraim Karsh. Israel in the International Arena. p. 239. ISBN 0-203-58254-3. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
  176. ^ Britannica book of the year: 1995. Encyclopædia Britannica. 1995. p. 928. Retrieved 6 August 2011. 
Africa
North Africa
Elsewhere
Emblem of Israel
Asia
Middle East
Elsewhere
Europe
North America
Oceania
South America
Multilateral
Arab–Israeli conflict
Missions
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_recognition_of_Israel&oldid=548693310"