Red Cliff (film)
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| Red Cliff | |
| Directed by | John Woo |
|---|---|
| Produced by | John Woo Terence Chang Han Sanping |
| Written by | Screenplay: John Woo Chen Han Sheng Heyu Novel: Chen Shou |
| Starring | Tony Leung Chiu-Wai Takeshi Kaneshiro Zhang Fengyi Chang Chen Zhao Wei Hu Jun Nakamura Shidō Lin Chi-ling You Yong |
| Music by | Taro Iwashiro |
| Cinematography | Lü Yue Zhang Li |
| Studio | China Film Group Beijing Film Studio Lion Rock Entertainment |
| Distributed by | Hong Kong: Mei Ah Entertainment Edko Films Singapore: MediaCorp Raintree Pictures Japan: Avex Entertainment South Korea: Showbox Thailand: Sahamongkol Film International Australia: Icon Entertainment International International sales: Summit Entertainment |
| Release date(s) | Part 1: 10 July 2008 (China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Korea)[1] 18 July 2008 (Vietnam) Part 2: 7 January 2009 (China) 22 January 2009 (Korea) 23 January 2009 (Vietnam) |
| Running time | 280 minutes (total) |
| Country | |
| Language | Mandarin Chinese |
| Budget | US$80 million |
| Gross revenue | Worldwide (Part I and II): $228,000,000 |
Red Cliff (Chinese: 赤壁; pinyin: Chìbì), also known as The Battle of Red Cliff, is a Chinese epic film based on the Battle of Red Cliffs and events during the end of the Han Dynasty and immediately prior to the period of the Three Kingdoms in ancient China. The film is expected to be released in two versions. Within Asia, Red Cliff was released in two parts, totaling over four hours in length. The first part was released in July 2008 and the second in January 2009.[1] Outside of Asia, a single 2½ hour film was released in 2009.[1]
The film was directed by John Woo, and stars Tony Leung Chiu-Wai, Takeshi Kaneshiro, Zhang Fengyi, Chang Chen, Hu Jun, Lin Chi-ling and Zhao Wei. With an estimated budget of US$80 million, Red Cliff is the most expensive Asian-financed film to date.[2] The first part of the movie alone grossed $124 million in Asia[3] and broke the box office record previously held by Titanic in mainland China.[4]
Contents |
[edit] Plot
Director John Woo said in an interview with CCTV-6 that the film will use primarily the historical record Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms as a blueprint for the Battle of Red Cliffs, rather than the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. As such, traditionally vilified characters such as Cao Cao and Zhou Yu will be given a more historically accurate treatment in the film.[5]
[edit] Part 1 (spoilers)
In the summer of AD 208 during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the imperial army led by Chancellor (or Prime Minister) Cao Cao embarks on a campaign to eliminate the southern warlords Sun Quan and Liu Bei in the name of eliminating rebels, with the reluctant approval of the Emperor. Cao Cao's mighty army swiftly conquers the southern province of Jingzhou and the Battle of Changban is ignited when Cao Cao's cavalry unit starts attacking the civilians who are on an exodus led by Liu Bei. During the battle, Liu Bei's followers, including his sworn brothers Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, give an excellent display of their legendary combat skills by managing to hold off the enemy while buying time for the civilians to retreat. The warrior Zhao Yun fights bravely to rescue his lord Liu Bei's entrapped family but only succeeded in rescuing Liu's infant son.
Following the battle, Liu Bei's chief advisor Zhuge Liang sets forth on a diplomatic mission to Eastern Wu to form an alliance between Liu Bei and Sun Quan to deal with Cao Cao's invasion. Sun Quan was initially in the midst of a dilemma of whether to surrender or resist, but his decision to resist Cao Cao hardens after Zhuge Liang's clever persuasion and a subsequent tiger hunt with his Grand Viceroy Zhou Yu and his sister Sun Shangxiang. Meanwhile, naval commanders Cai Mao and Zhang Yun from Jingzhou pledge allegiance to Cao Cao and were received warmly by Cao, who placed them in command of his navy.
After the hasty formation of the alliance, the forces of Liu Bei and Sun Quan call for a meeting to formulate a plan to counter Cao Cao's army, which is advancing slowly towards Red Cliff at godspeed from both land and water. The battle then begins with Sun Shangxiang leading a light cavalry unit to lure Cao Cao's vanguard army into the Eight Trigrams Formation laid down by the allied forces. Cao Cao's vanguard army is utterly defeated by the allies but Cao Cao shows no disappointment and proceeds to lead his main army to the riverbank directly opposite the allies' main camp where they laid camp. While the allies throw a banquet to celebrate their victory, Zhuge Liang thinks of a plan to send Sun Shangxiang to infiltrate Cao Cao's camp and serve as a spy for them. The duo maintain contact by sending messages via a pigeon. The film ends with Zhou Yu lighting his miniaturised battleships on a map based on the battle formation, signifying his plans for defeating Cao Cao's navy.
[edit] Part 2 (spoilers)
Sun Shangxiang has infiltrated Cao Cao's camp and she has been secretly noting details and sending them via a pigeon to Zhuge Liang. Meanwhile, Cao Cao's army is seized with a plague of typhoid fever which kills a number of his troops. Cao Cao cunningly orders the corpses to be sent to the allies' camp, hoping to pass the plague on to his enemies. The allied army's morale is affected when some unsuspecting soldiers let the plague in, and eventually a disheartened Liu Bei leaves with his forces while Zhuge Liang stays behind to assist the Eastern Wu forces. Cao Cao hears that the alliance had collapsed and is overjoyed. At the same time, his naval commanders Cai Mao and Zhang Yun propose a new tactic of interlocking the battleships together with iron beams to minimize rocking when sailing on the river and reduce the chances of the troops falling seasick.
Subsequently, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang make plans on how to eliminate Cao Cao's naval commanders Cai Mao and Zhang Yun, and produce 100,000 arrows respectively. They agreed that whoever fails to complete his mission will be punished by execution under military law. Zhuge Liang's ingenious strategy of borrowing of arrows with straw boats brought in over 100,000 arrows from the enemy and aroused Cao Cao's suspicions about the loyalty of Cai and Zhang towards him. On the other hand, Cao Cao sends Jiang Gan to persuade Zhou Yu to surrender, but Zhou Yu tricks Jiang Gan instead, into believing that Cai Mao and Zhang Yun are planning to assassinate their lord Cao Cao. Both Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu's respective plans complement each other when Cao Cao is convinced, despite earlier having doubts about Jiang Gan's report, that Cai and Zhang were indeed planning to assassinate him by deliberately 'donating' arrows to the enemy. Cai and Zhang are executed and Cao Cao realised his folly afterwards but it was too late.
In the Eastern Wu camp, Sun Shangxiang returns from Cao Cao's camp with a map of the enemy formation. Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang decide to attack Cao Cao's navy with fire after knowing that there is a special climatic condition known only to Eastern Wu's forces, that the South-East Wind (to their advantage) would blow sometime soon. As the Eastern Wu forces made preparations for the fire attack, Huang Gai proposes to Zhou Yu the Self-Torture Ruse to increase their chances of success, but Zhou Yu does not heed it. Before the battle, the forces of Eastern Wu have a final moment together, feasting on glutinous rice balls to celebrate the Winter Festival. Meanwhile, Zhou Yu's wife Xiao Qiao heads towards Cao Cao's camp alone secretly, in hope of persuading Cao Cao to give up his ambitious plans but she fails and decides to distract him instead to buy time for the Eastern Wu forces.
The battle begins when the South-East Wind starts blowing in the middle of the night and the Eastern Wu forces launch their full-scale attack on Cao Cao's navy. On the other hand, Liu Bei's forces, which had apparently left the alliance, start attacking Cao Cao's forts on land. By dawn, Cao Cao's entire navy has been destroyed. The allied forces launch another offensive on Cao Cao's ground army, stationed in his forts, and succeeded in breaking through using testudo formation despite suffering heavy casualties. Although Cao Cao is besieged in his main camp, he manages to holds Zhou Yu hostage after catching him off guard together with Cao Hong. Xiahou Jun appears as well holding Xiao Qiao hostage and causes the allied forces to hesitate. In the nick of time, Zhao Yun manages to reverse the situation by rescuing Xiao Qiao with a surprise attack and put Cao Cao at the mercy of the allied forces instead. Eventually, the allied forces decide to spare Cao Cao's life and tell him never to return before leaving for home. In the final scenes, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang are seen having a final conversation before Zhuge Liang walks away into the far distance with the newborn foal Mengmeng.
[edit] Western release
| This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (July 2009) |
The western combined release trims the length of the movie from 280 minutes to 148 minutes, notable cuts include the entire defection storyline, the background and motivations to Zhuge Liang's plan to steal 100,000 arrows including the threat to his life and the early parts of Sun Shangxiang's infiltration. It also included trimming to the lengths of scenes predominantly forming part 1. However it also adds new material for example when a character's earlier introduction was cut then the later scene within which that character first appears in the western release features extended dialogue to introduce them, the 15 minute screentime tiger hunt is cut but the council chamber scene immediatley after it features 2 minutes of additional argument between characters which provides the same charachter and plot advancement but in a more compact form, likewise an opening narration in English is provided to set the historical context whereas in the Asian release a briefer similar political situation context appears in scrolling form 10 minutes into the film.
[edit] Cast
- Tony Leung Chiu-Wai as Zhou Yu (周瑜)
- Takeshi Kaneshiro as Zhuge Liang (諸葛亮)
- Zhang Fengyi as Cao Cao (曹操)
- Chang Chen as Sun Quan (孫權)
- Zhao Wei as Sun Shangxiang (孫尚香)
- Hu Jun as Zhao Yun (趙雲)
- Lin Chi-ling as Xiao Qiao (小喬)
- Nakamura Shidō II as Gan Xing (甘興) (fictional character based on Gan Ning (甘寧))
- You Yong as Liu Bei (劉備)
- Song Jia (宋佳) as Li Ji (驪姬) (fictional concubine of Cao Cao's)
- Tong Dawei (佟大為) as Sun Shucai (孫叔財) (fictional soldier of Cao Cao's)
- Hou Yong (侯勇) as Lu Su (魯肅)
- Ba Sen Zha Bu (巴森扎布) as Guan Yu (關羽)
- Zang Jinsheng (臧金生) as Zhang Fei (張飛)
- Zhang Shan (張山) as Huang Gai (黄蓋)
- Wang Hui (王輝) as Cao Hong (曹洪)
- Ma Jing (馬京) as Wei Ben (魏贲) (fictional character based on Wen Pin (文聘))
- Hu Xiaoguang (胡曉光) as Xiahou Jun (夏侯雋) (fictional character based on Xiahou Yuan (夏侯淵))
- Shi Xiaohong (師小紅) as Jiang Gan (蔣幹)
- Wang Yuzhang (王玉璋) as Cheng Pu (程普)
- Yi Zhen (一真) as Cai Mao (蔡瑁)
- He Yin (何音) as Lady Mi (糜夫人)
- Xie Gang (謝剛) as Hua Tuo (華佗)
- Li Hong (李鴻) as Lady Gan (甘夫人)
- Menghe Wuliji (孟和烏力吉) as Guan Ping (關平)
- Zhang Yi (張毅) as Zhang Zhao (張昭)
- Wu Qi (吳旗) as Gu Yong (顧雍)
- Chen Changhai (陳長海) as Qin Song (秦松)
- Wang Ning (王寧) as Emperor Xian of Han (漢獻帝)
- Zhao Chengshun (趙成順) as Xun You (荀攸)
- Wang Zaolai (王早來) as Cheng Yu (程昱)
- Wang Qingxiang (王慶祥) as Kong Rong (孔融)
- Jia Hongwei (賈宏偉) as Zhang Yun (張允)
- Jiang Tong (姜彤) as Li Tong (李通)
- Guo Chao (郭超) as Yue Jin (樂進)
- Cui Yugui (崔玉貴) as Xu Chu (許褚)
- Xu Fengnian (徐豐年) as Zhang Liao (張遼)
- Ye Hua (葉華) as Tian Tian (田田) (fictional maid of Xiao Qiao's)
[edit] Replaced cast
- Tony Leung Chiu-Wai was originally selected for the role of Zhuge Liang. However, he quit before the shooting, citing health problems, as he was burned out after filming Lust, Caution.[6] Producer Terence Chang said financial backing is not affected by the change.
- Ken Watanabe was originally selected for the role of Cao Cao.[7] According to a report, some Chinese fans voiced objections over the choice as they felt that it was inappropriate for a Japanese actor to play the role of such an important Chinese historical figure. The report claimed that the protests influenced the decision of director John Woo, who eventually chose Zhang Fengyi for the role.[8]
- Chow Yun-Fat was originally selected for the role of Zhou Yu, and had even earlier been considered for the role of Liu Bei. However, he pulled out on 13 April 2007, just as shooting began. Chow explained that he received a revised script a week earlier and was not given sufficient time to prepare, but producer Terence Chang disputed this, saying that he could not work with Chow because the film's Hollywood insurer opposed 73 clauses in Chow's contract.[9] Chow was replaced by Tony Leung Chiu-Wai, who had previously turned down the role of Zhuge Liang.[10][11]
[edit] Production
Production is helmed by Lion Rock Entertainment and China Film Group.[12] Distributors are fast to clinch the deal before shooting even began. Distributors include Chengtian Entertainment (China), CMC Entertainment/20th Century Fox Taiwan Branch (Taiwan), Avex Entertainment/Universal Studios Japan (Japan), Showbox (South Korea), and the Los Angeles-based Summit Entertainment (international).[13]
Shooting of Red Cliff started in mid-April 2007.[14] Shooting was held at a film studio in Beijing, as well as in Hebei province, where naval warfares were staged at two working reservoirs.[15]
On June 9, 2008, a stuntman doing shots for the movie was killed in a freak fire accident, which also left six others injured.[16]
The theme songs to the two parts are Xin Zhan: Red Cliff and Chi Bi: Da Jiang Dong Qu, both (as well as their Japanese versions) sung by alan.
[edit] Reception
[edit] First part Asia release
During the 1st part of the film's Asia release, Variety reported that the film has enjoyed a tremendous start to its theatrical run across East Asia since its release date in July 10, 2008.[17] The film scored a record-breaking opening weekend across six Asian territories.[18] Variety also reported that the film has received a generally positive critical reception in Hong Kong, China.[17] In South Korea, the opening day of Cliff knocked Hancock down to 79,000 admissions Thursday, or an estimated gross of $550,000.[17] The film also drew more than 1.6 million viewers in South Korea — about 130,000 more than the Batman sequel The Dark Knight.[19] At a budget of US$80 million, along with the media scrutiny over its lengthy and troubled shoot, including the death of a stunt man and the hospitalization of its producer, the film is viewed by many as a big financial gamble, however, industry insiders reported thus far, good word-of-mouth and positive reviews appear to be paying off for the film's strong box-office revenue.[20]
The Associated Press (AP) gave the film a glowing review, and states: "John Woo displays the crucial distinction in the magnificently told Red Cliff, the Hong Kong director's triumphant return to Chinese film after 16 years in Hollywood" and "with Red Cliff, Woo shows he's still a masterful director to be reckoned with."[21]
The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, states the bottom line is: "A formidable prelude to an epic battle with resplendent effects and action spectacles."[22]
Variety also gave the film a favorable review, and describes Red Cliff: "balances character, grit, spectacle and visceral action in a meaty, dramatically satisfying pie that delivers on the hype and will surprise many who felt Woo progressively lost his mojo during his long years stateside." The review also states that the picture may however disappoint those simply looking for a costume retread of his kinetic 80s action films, such as Heroes Shed No Tears and A Better Tomorrow.[23]
The Korea Times writes: "Finally, Asian cinema sees the birth of a movie with the grandeur ― in both budget and inspiration ― of epic franchises like The Lord of the Rings." "Hefty action sequences are knit together with delightful detail, including poetic animal imagery. While the Asian-ness of movies like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon caters to a Western audience, Red Cliff captures the heart and soul of the Asian philosophy with a more universal appeal."[24] One of South Korea's main English-language newspapers The JoongAng Daily raves about the film by stating "the historical China film lived up to its expectations in more ways than one."[25]
The Japan Times gave the film a high praise and states "Red Cliff brings all that and more to the screen — a whopping two and a half hours of frenzied action, feverish passion and elegantly choreographed battle scenes..."[26] and listed the film at the end of the year as one of the best international (non-Japanese) films of 2008.[27]
The Malaysian national newspaper New Straits Times also gave the film an enthusiastic review, and states: "The first film is breathtaking in its grandeur, with awe-inspiring battle scenes." The review also praised the film's 'impressive' cinematography and noted that "the characters are all well fleshed-out, complete with individual quirks and mannerisms."[28]
The Vietnamese newspaper Thanh Nien Daily remarked: "Red Cliff’s action is epic. Drawing from actual battle tactics from 1,800 years ago, Woo proves that after all these years he still has the ability to make the action fresh and one-of-a-kind by blending grace with violence in a whole new genre. Lovers of Asian cinema can rejoice, John Woo is back."[29]
[edit] Second part Asia release
The 2nd half of the film, was released in China in January 7, 2009. The Hollywood Reporter writes: "It is director John Woo's level-headed ordering of narrative sequence, his skill in devising kinetic live-action to off-set technical ostentation and his vision of how to turn epic into entertainment that propels "Red Cliff II" to a thundering climax," and "colossal production turns history into legend by splashing out on spectacle and entertainment."[30]
Variety describes the film as "Delivers in spades...with characters already established, this half is expectedly heavier on action...though still pack beaucoup human interest prior to the final hour's barnstorming battle," and states the film overall as "in this 280-minute, two-part version, helmer-producer Woo and fellow producer Terence Chang have indeed crafted one of the great Chinese costume epics of all time."[31]
The Japan Times gave the second film 4.5 stars out of 5, and describes it as a "visually stunning Chinese historical epic ratchets the entertainment factor up to eleven."[32]
[edit] Western release
Western critics also reacted positively to the film when the two parts were released as one film (150 minute version) in June 2009. The film received 92% rating on the reviews aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the general consensus being that the film had "impressively grand battlefield action" with the majority of critics agreeing that director John Woo "returns to form" with Red Cliff.[33]
[edit] Release
Major Markets (Gross Revenue > US$1 million)
| Country | Release Date(s) | Distributor | Official Website | Gross Revenue (in US$)[34] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mainland China | 2008.07.10 (Part I)
2009.01.07 (Part II) |
China Film Group | http://chibi.yule.sohu.com | $46,698,967 (Part I)
$38,043,199 (Part II) |
| Singapore | 2008.07.10 (Part I)
2009.01.09 (Part II) |
MediaCorp Raintree Pictures
& Scorpio East & Golden Village |
$1,914,725 (Part I)
$2,091,413 (Part II) |
|
| Taiwan | 2008.07.10 (Part I)
2009.01.15 (Part II) |
20th Century Fox Taiwan Branch
(Part of CMC Entertainment) |
http://th.foxmovies.com.tw/redcliff | $5,522,646 (Part I)
$4,512,737 (Part II) |
| Hong Kong | 2008.07.10 (Part I)
2009.01.15 (Part II) |
Mei Ah Entertainment
& Edko Films |
http://redcliff.meiah.com | $3,109,405 (Part I)
$3,058,382 (Part II) |
| South Korea | 2008.07.10 (Part I)
2009.01.22 (Part II) |
Showbox | http://redcliff.co.kr | $9,950,130 (Part I)
$12,931,947 (Part II) |
| Thailand | 2008.07.10 (Part I)
2009.01.22 (Part II) |
Sahamongkol Film International | http://redcliffmovie-th.com/ | $944,735 (Part I)
$1,177,713 (Part II) |
| Malaysia | 2008.07.17 (Part I)
2009.01.23 (Part II) |
Golden Screen Cinemas | $645,025 (Part I)
$920,257 (Part II) |
|
| Japan | 2008.11.01 (Part I)
2009.04.10 (Part II) |
Avex Entertainment | http://redcliff.jp | $52,418,016 (Part I)
$56,374,881(Part II) |
| France | 2009.03.25 | Metropolitan Filmexport | http://les3royaumes.fr | $3,963,155 |
| UK | 2009.06.19 | Entertainment Film Distributors |
The film is also released in the following countries (with release dates in parentheses):
Indonesia (Part I 2008.07.16 & Part II 2009.01.15); Vietnam (Part I 2008.07.18 & Part II 2009.01.23); Latvia (2009.01.30); Denmark (2009.02.20); Estonia (2009.03.20); Belgium, Switzerland (2009.03.25); Greece (2009.04.02); Lithuania (2009.05.01); Norway (2009.05.22); Czech Republic (2009.06.18); Poland (2009.07.03).
[edit] Awards and nominations
[edit] First installment
| Awards | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Award | Category | Name | Outcome |
| 3rd Asian Film Awards | Best Picture | Nominated | |
| Best Director | John Woo | Nominated | |
| Best Visual Effects | Craig Hayes | Won | |
| 28th Hong Kong Film Awards | Best Picture | Nominated | |
| Best Director | John Woo | Nominated | |
| Best Actor | Tony Leung Chiu-Wai | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actor | Zhang Fengyi | Nominated | |
| Best Supporting Actress | Zhao Wei | Nominated | |
| Best New Actor | Lin Chi-ling | Nominated | |
| Best Cinematography | Lü Yue, Zhang Li | Nominated | |
| Best Film Editing | Angie Lam, Robert A. Ferreti, Yang Hongyu | Nominated | |
| Best Art Direction | Timmy Yip | Won | |
| Best Costume and Make-up Design | Timmy Yip | Won | |
| Best Action Choreography | Corey Yuen | Nominated | |
| Best Sound Design | Wu Jiang, Roger Savage | Won | |
| Best Visual Effects | Craig Hayes | Won | |
| Best Original Score | Taro Iwashiro | Won | |
| Best Original Song | "Xin·Zhan ~RED CLIFF~" | Nominated | |
[edit] See also
- Red Cliff (soundtrack)
- Battle of Red Cliffs, the historical battle the film is based on
- Three Kingdoms, the period in the history of China in which the battle took place
- Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, a historical record of the events during the Three Kingdoms period, on which the film is based
- Romance of the Three Kingdoms, one of the Four Great Classical Novels, a romanticized interpretation of the historical events during the Three Kingdoms period
- History of the Han Dynasty, for further information about the time period
- Three Kingdoms: Resurrection of the Dragon
- Dynasty Warriors
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Red Cliff ready for its closeup from Variety
- ^ Dawtrey, A., Guider, E. "Berlin star power eclipses click pics", Variety, 2007-02-17. Retrieved on 2007-04-06.
- ^ "2008 Overseas Total Yearly Box Office", Boxofficemojo. Retrieved on 2009-03-02
- ^ (Chinese) [1], 2008-11-04. Retrieved on 2009-03-02.
- ^ Zhang, X. "John Woo to reinterpret Cao Cao and Zhou Yu", Jingbao, 2007-02-08. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
- ^ Unknown. "Tony Leung leaps off Red Cliff", The Guardian, 2007-03-22. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
- ^ Unknown. "Zhao Wei to Join All-star Cast for "Battle of the Red Cliff"", China Radio International, 2007-02-09. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
- ^ (Chinese) Tang, A. "Choice of Kaneshiro as Zhuge Liang criticized", Chinese Business View, 2007-03-09. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
- ^ Lee, M. "Chow Yun-Fat Drops out of 'Red Cliff'", Associated Press, 2007-04-17. Retrieved on 2007-04-17.
- ^ Frater, P. & Coonan, C. "Leung rejoins 'Red Cliff'", Variety, 2007-04-19. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
- ^ McCurry, J. "Chinese epic loses the plot as actors quit £40m project", The Guardian, 2007-04-20. Retrieved on 2007-04-20.
- ^ Frater, P. "Woo wages 'Battle'", Variety, 2006-12-11. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ Elley, Derek"Red Cliff", Variety. Retrieved on 2009-03-02
- ^ (Chinese) Zhang, Z. "Red Cliff to begin shooting mid-April", Xinmin Evening News, 2007-04-04. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
- ^ (Chinese) Zheng, Z. "Shooting locations of Red Cliff revealed", Sina Entertainment, 2007-04-04. Retrieved on 2007-04-04.
- ^ "Stuntman killed on John Woo film set"
- ^ a b c "'Red Cliff' brings in big numbers". Variety. 2008-07-13. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117988876.html?categoryid=19&cs=1. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ "John Woo's 'Red Cliff' bows big in Asia". The Hollywood Reporter. 2008-07-14. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/world/news/e3i78e076c5490e131394bc79c0d9fbeda7. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ John Woo takes Chinese epic to Western audiences. AP
- ^ "'Red Cliff' earns John Woo an Asian hero's welcome - $80 mil war epic opens strong across continent". The Hollywood Reporter. 2008-07-11. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/asia/china/e3iff4fffbfb65a506f9b7653e3a230c38d. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ "John Woo restores credibility to Chinese epics with 'Red Cliff'". International Herald Tribune/Associated Press. 2008-07-08. http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/07/08/arts/AS-MOV-Film-Review-Red-Cliff.php. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ "Film Review: Red Cliff". The Hollywood Reporter. 2008-07-11. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film/reviews/article_display.jsp?&rid=11425. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ "Red Cliff Review". Variety. 2008-07-20. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117937769.html?categoryid=31&cs=1. Retrieved on 2008-07-20.
- ^ "'Red Cliff': Megastars Bring Mega Action". The Korea Times. http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/art/2008/07/141_26959.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ "Historical China film lives up to expectations". JoongAng Daily. http://joongangdaily.joins.com/article/view.asp?aid=2892148. Retrieved on 2008-07-14.
- ^ War as wisdom and gore. The Japan Times
- ^ The top movies of 2008. The Japan Times
- ^ "Cinema: Woo’s art of war". New Straits Times. 2008-07-16. http://www.nst.com.my/Current_News/NST/Thursday/Features/20080716161319/Article/index_html. Retrieved on 2008-07-20.
- ^ "An epic return: Chinese history and culture burst onto the screen in John Woo's Red Cliff". Thanh Nien. 2008-07-20. http://www.thanhniennews.com/entertaiments/?catid=6&newsid=40393. Retrieved on 2008-07-24.
- ^ "Film Review: Red Cliff II". The Hollywood Reporter. 2009-01-20. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/film-reviews/film-review-red-cliff-ii-1003932199.story.
- ^ Derek Elley (2009-01-09). "Red Cliff II Review". Variety. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117939304.html?categoryid=31&cs=1.
- ^ "Wooed by the sheer size of it". The Japan Times. 2009-04-10. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/ff20090410a1.html.
- ^ Red Cliff. Rottentomatoes.
- ^ [2]
[edit] External links
- Red Cliff at the Internet Movie Database
- Red Cliff: Part II at the Internet Movie Database
- Red Cliff at Allmovie
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