Red Deer, Alberta

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Red Deer
—  City  —
City of Red Deer
Aerial view of Downtown Red Deer

Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: Education, Industry and Progress
Red Deer, Alberta is located in Alberta
Red Deer
Location of Red Deer in Alberta
Coordinates: 52°16′05″N 113°48′40″W / 52.26806°N 113.81111°W / 52.26806; -113.81111
Country Canada
Province Alberta
Region Calgary–Edmonton Corridor
Census division 8
Established 1882 as a trading post
Incorporated [1]
 - Village 
May 31, 1894
 - Town
 - City		 June 12, 1901
March 25, 1913
Government[2]
 • Mayor Morris Flewwelling
 • Governing body
 • City Manager Craig Curtis
 • MP Earl Dreeshen (Cons)
 • MLAs Cal Dallas (P.C.),
Mary Anne Jablonski (P.C.)
Area (2011)[3]
 • City 104.29 km2 (40.27 sq mi)
Elevation 855 m (2,805 ft)
Population (2011)[3][4]
 • City 90,564
 • Density 868.4/km2 (2,249/sq mi)
 • Urban 90,207
  Ranked 44th largest metro
area in Canada in 2006
Demonym Red Deerian [5]
Time zone MST (UTC−7)
 • Summer (DST) MDT (UTC−6)
Postal code span T4N to T4R
Area code(s) 403 587
Highways Queen Elizabeth II Highway
David Thompson Highway
Waterways Red Deer River
Website Official website

Red Deer is a city in Central Alberta, Canada. It is located near the midpoint of the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor and is surrounded by Red Deer County. It is Alberta's third-most-populous city – after Calgary and Edmonton. The city is located in aspen parkland, a region of rolling hills that is subject to oil, grain, and cattle production. It is a centre for oil and agriculture distribution, and the surrounding region is a major centre for petrochemical production. According to the 2011 municipal census, the population is now 91,877.

Contents

History [edit]

Prior to European settlement, the area was inhabited by aboriginal tribes including the Blackfoot, Plains Cree and Stoney. European fur traders began passing through the area in the late eighteenth century. Into this ethnic mix, the Métis peoples also emerged.

A native trail ran from Montana in the south across the Bow River near Calgary and on to Fort Edmonton. About halfway between Calgary and Edmonton, the trail crossed the Red Deer River at a wide, stony shallow used by First Nations peoples and bison, commonly known as buffalo, since ancient times. The shallows, now known as the Old Red Deer Crossing, are about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) upstream from the present City of Red Deer.

With the establishment of Fort Calgary by the North-West Mounted Police in 1875, traffic increased along what was by then known as the Calgary and Edmonton Trail.[6] After the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in Calgary, traffic along the "C & E" trail increased substantially. A trading post and stopping house were built at the Crossing in 1882 and a permanent settlement began to develop around it.

During the 1885 Riel Rebellion (also known as the North-West Rebellion), the Canadian militia constructed Fort Normandeau at the Crossing. The fort was later taken over by the North-West Mounted Police who used it until 1893.

With the decimation of the bison by hunters, the aboriginal tribes who relied on them for food, clothing and shelter were also in decline. The fertile lands around the Red Deer River were attractive to farmers and ranchers. One early settler, the Reverend Leonard Gaetz, gave a half-share of 1,240 acres (5.0 km2) he had acquired to the Calgary and Edmonton Railway to develop a bridge over the river and a townsite. As a result, the Crossing was gradually abandoned. The first train from Calgary to Edmonton passed through Red Deer in 1891.

Name origin [edit]

The Cree peoples called the river on which Red Deer now stands, Waskasoo Seepee. This can be translated "Wapiti River" or "Elk River". Some of the first British traders thought the wapiti were a type of European red deer and gave the river its current name. The fur traders' confusion is not surprising. North American elk or wapiti (Cervus canadensis) are different from European elk (Alces alces).

Leonard Gaetz [edit]

As a founding father of the city, the Reverend Dr. Leonard Gaetz (1841–1907) is memorialized in the name of Red Deer's major thoroughfare: Gaetz Avenue.

Born in 1841 at Musquodoboit, Nova Scotia, Gaetz married Caroline Blowers Hamilton in 1865. They had a family of eleven children. Gaetz was an ordained Methodist minister, serving the church until 1883. He left the ministry due to ill health and moved to the Red Deer Valley. He decided to homestead on the west half of a section on the Red Deer River, and one of his sons, Halley Gaetz, took up the other half section.

Leonard Gaetz acted as the local land agent for the Saskatchewan Colonization Company and purchased parts of three other sections from his employers. By 1890, the Gaetz family owned vast land holdings along the south bank of the Red Deer River around the mouth of the Waskasoo Creek. The holdings included parts of Sections 16, 17, 20 and 21. Leonard Gaetz's increasing wealth allowed his family to play a central role in the growth of Red Deer.

In 1895, Gaetz returned to the active ministry in Manitoba. Once again, this proved detrimental to his health. He retired back to Red Deer in 1901, and resided here for the remainder of his life. He was a strong promoter of the area, founding the Westerner showgrounds and annual "Westerner Days", akin to the Calgary Stampede. Gaetz also served as Red Deer's first mayor. He died in Red Deer in 1907.

1900 to 1929 [edit]

Red Deer saw a massive influx of settlers in the early 1900s.

Michener Centre

In 1901, when Red Deer was incorporated as a town, the population stood at 343. Through its location midway between Edmonton and Calgary and the fertile land that supported profitable mixed farming, Red Deer developed primarily as an agricultural service and distribution centre. A further boost came in 1907 when it was chosen as a major divisional point for the Canadian Pacific Railway. Two other railways, the Alberta Central Railway and the Canadian Northern Railway, entered the community in 1911. Red Deer underwent a large land boom.

On March 25, 1913, Red Deer was incorporated as a city and the population had jumped to nearly 2,800.

World War I brought a sharp end to the boom. Red Deer emerged as a small, quiet, but prosperous, prairie city. In 1922, the provincial institution for the care of the mentally handicapped, currently known as the Michener Centre, was established in the city. Prospects looked good for modest but sustainable growth.

1930 to 1945 [edit]

The Great Depression of the 1930s was a major setback for city, though it fared better than some communities. Central Alberta was not hit by severe drought. The city was virtually debt-free and profited from its ownership of the local public utilities.

Growth returned to the city with the outbreak of World War II. Red Deer was chosen as the location of a large military training camp (the A-20 Camp which was located where Cormack Armoury, The Memorial Centre and Lindsay Thurber High School are now located). The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan built two air bases to the south of the city at Penhold and Bowden.

Post Second World War [edit]

On January 1, 1948, the City of Red Deer amalgamated with the Village of North Red Deer, located on the north bank of the Red Deer River.[7][8]

In the late 1950s, Red Deer claimed to be the fastest-growing city in Canada.

By roughly 1991 the Canadian Pacific Railway had been removed from the inner city; the track currently runs parallel to the city outskirts. The most prominent landmark of the railway remaining is the CPR bridge spanning the Red Deer River, converted to a walking trail shortly after the track removal.

The city is now a major centre for oil and natural gas extraction and related industries and also for agriculture and agricultural services. It is also a regional centre for administration with a courthouse and provincial building. It is also well served with all major stores in malls such as Bower Place, Southpointe Common, Parkland Mall and many other locations.

Red Deer is also noted for its number of restaurants, economic resilience and youth demographic.

Geography [edit]

Red Deer is located on the Red Deer River after which it was named.

Climate [edit]

Red Deer has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with somewhat of a semi-arid influence. The hottest recorded temperature was 36 °C (96.8 °F) on August 24, 1992.[9] The coldest recorded temperature was −43.3 °C (−45.9 °F) on December 9, 1977.[9]

Demographics [edit]

Population history
Year Pop.   ±%  
1901 323 —    
1906 1,418 +339.0%
1911 2,118 +49.4%
1916 2,203 +4.0%
1921 2,328 +5.7%
1926 2,021 −13.2%
1931 2,344 +16.0%
1936 2,384 +1.7%
1941 2,924 +22.7%
1946 4,042 +38.2%
1951 7,575 +87.4%
1956 12,338 +62.9%
1961 19,612 +59.0%
1966 26,171 +33.4%
1971 27,674 +5.7%
1976 32,184 +16.3%
1981 46,393 +44.1%
1986 54,425 +17.3%
1991 58,145 +6.8%
1996 60,075 +3.3%
2001 67,707 +12.7%
2006 82,772 +22.3%
2011 90,564 +9.4%
Source: Statistics Canada
[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]
[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][3]
Population by ethnic group, 2006
Ethnic group[31] Population Percent
White 71,955 88.4%
Métis 2,535 3.1%
Latin American 1,410 1.7%
Filipino 1,290 1.6%
First Nations 915 1.1%
Chinese 895 1.1%
Black 680 0.8%
South Asian 630 0.8%
Southeast Asian 300 0.4%
Mixed visible minority 155 0.2%
Japanese 140 0.2%
Arab 110 0.1%
West Asian 100 0.1%
Korean 55 0.1%
Other visible minority 40 0%
Inuit 35 0%
Total population 81,370 100%

In the 2011 Census, the City of Red Deer had a population of 90,564 living in 36,346 of its 38,789 total dwellings, a 8.9% change from its 2006 adjusted population of 83,154. With a land area of 104.29 km2 (40.27 sq mi), it had a population density of 868.39/km2 (2,249.11/sq mi) in 2011.[3]

The population of the City of Red Deer according to its 2011 municipal census is 91,877,[32][33] a two-percent increase over its 2010 municipal census population of 90,084.[34][35]

In 2006, Red Deer had a population of 82,772 living in 33,894 dwellings, a 22.0% increase from 2001. The city has a land area of 69.23 km2 (26.73 sq mi) and a population density of 1,195.6 /km2 (3,097 /sq mi).[36]

Nearly ninety percent of residents spoke English as a first language while 1.7 percent spoke Spanish and 1.6% spoke French. The next most common languages were Tagalog (Filipino) at 1.1 percent, German at 1.0 percent, and Chinese at 0.8 percent, followed by Dutch at 0.6%, Ukrainian at 0.4 percent, and Vietnamese at 0.3 percent.[37]

About 4.4 percent of residents identified as aboriginal at the time of the 2006 census.[38]

Red Deer is home to almost 1,800 recent immigrants (arriving between 2001 and 2006) who now make up just more than two percent of the population. About sixteen percent of these immigrants came from the Philippines, while about 14% came from Colombia, 8% came from India, seven percent came from the United States, and about five percent from each of South Africa and the United Kingdom, and about four percent from El Salvador.[39]

Almost seventy-two percent of the residents are identified as Christian and over twenty-six percent said they had no religious affiliation for the 2001 Census. For specific denominations Statistics Canada counted 14,660 Roman Catholics (22 percent), and 10,970 United Church (16.5 percent), 3,720 Anglicans (5.6 percent), 3,065 Lutherans (4.6 percent), as well as about 1,305 Baptists (2 percent), and about 1,200 Pentecostals (1.8 percent), about 1,060 Presbyterians (1.6 percent), about 905 for the Christian and Missionary Alliance (1.5 percent), and about 650 Jehovah's Witnesses (1.0 percent), as well as about 585 for the Evangelical Missionary Church (0.9 percent) and 455 Mormons (0.7 percent ).[40]

In a July 2007 analysis of demographic information from the 2006 Federal Census prepared by Environics Analytics, Red Deer was the city most closely resembling the country as a whole.[41]


Arts and culture [edit]

Named Cultural Capital of Canada by Canadian Heritage in 2003,[42] Red Deer is home to a wide variety of arts and cultural groups. It is the home of Central Alberta Theatre, Ignition Theatre, Central Music Festival, the Red Deer Symphony Orchestra, the Red Deer Museum and Art Gallery, the Red Deer Royals and other performing arts and fine arts organizations.

Attractions [edit]

Waskasoo Park [edit]

The park runs right from the outskirts in the south west to the north east and through the heart of the city. It gives the city its alternate name of "Park City". Over 80 kilometres (50 miles) of multi-use trails permit biking, rollerblading, horseback riding, snowshoeing, cross-country skiing and walking. Home to many birds and wild life, this unspoiled river valley park is well-loved, well used and undoubtedly a place of peace and beauty.

The park has a number of attractions including:

  • Bower Ponds and Cronquist Heritage Centre
  • Coronation Park
  • Discovery Canyon
  • Edgar Athletic Park
  • Fort Normandeau
  • Gaetz Lakes Sanctuary
  • Great Chief Athletic Park
  • Great Chief (Maskepetoon) Park
  • Great West Adventure Park and BMX track
  • Heritage Ranch
  • Kerry Wood Nature Centre
  • Kin Kanyon
  • Kiwanis Picnic Park
  • Lions Campground
  • McKenzie Trail Recreation Area
  • Rotary Skateboard Park
  • River Bend Golf & Recreation Area
  • Three Mile Bend

Recreation Centre [edit]

This older facility has been upgraded to modern standards and has indoor and outdoor pools, steam rooms, hot tubs, etc.

Canyon Ski Resort [edit]

Located 7.5 km (4.7 mi) east of Red Deer, Canyon has 164 m (538 ft) vertical, five lifts and thirteen runs with an extensive lighting system for evening skiing.

Enmax Centrium [edit]

The Centrium was completed in 1991 and hosts concerts, hockey, basketball, motor sports, ice shows, major curling events, circuses, boxing, rodeos, wrestling, trade shows and conventions. Seating configurations range from 2,000 to 6,828.

  • Hockey – 5,858 full house
  • Concerts – 7,210 full house (including floor seating)
  • Up to 3,357 half house
  • 6,714 full house (excluding floor seating)

The most up-to-date lighting, communications and acoustical systems are incorporated into the design enabling concert sound quality sound, rather than that normally associated with arenas. Area

  • Arena – 200' x 85', 17,000 sq ft (1,759 sq m)
  • Arena Level, seating removed – 50,000 sq ft (7,626 sq m)
  • Concourse Level – 30,000 sq ft (2,790 sq m)

Exhibits

  • Arena – 100 (10' x 10')
  • Arena Level, seating removed – 250 (10' x 10')
  • Concourse Level –100 (10' x 10')

Ceiling Height

  • 52 ft (17m) to roof truss

Westerner Exposition Grounds [edit]

This major complex encompasses:

  • The Agricentre
  • The Altaplex
  • The Centrium
  • The Chalet
  • The Harvest Centre

Events range from Westerner Days (rodeo, pony chuck-wagon racing, fair, exhibitions, etc.) in early July to Agricon.

G.H. Dawe Community Centre [edit]

This 12,000 square metre complex is shared by a number of partner organizations including:

  • St. Patrick's School
  • G.H. Dawe Community School
  • Red Deer Public Library, G.H. Dawe Branch
  • G.H. Dawe Centre recreation facility

Greater Red Deer Visitor Centre [edit]

Adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth II Highway (Highway 2) the well-appointed visitor centre is fully staffed and is adjacent to the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame

Alberta Sports Hall of Fame [edit]

On the west edge of Red Deer, the Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Museum is an interactive, hands-on celebration of Alberta's sporting history. Over 7,000 square feet (650 m2) of exhibit space includes a multisport interactive virtual system with hockey, baseball, soccer, basketball and football, a baseball pitching field, a 200 meter wheelchair challenge; a press box where visitors can "become" the sportscaster; a 40 seat theatre and the Honoured Members Gallery. The Alberta Sports Hall of Fame and Museum also has over 7,000 artifacts of Alberta Sports history in its collection, showcasing many of these items in a number of displays.

Sports [edit]

Red Deer is the hometown of several well-known sporting personalities, including former NHLer Ron Anderson, ex-NHLer Glen Wesley, Trent Hunter, Chris Mason, Randy Moller, Brandon Sutter, Paul Postma and Mark Tinordi, and Olympic gold medallist Jamie Salé. Ron MacLean is also from Red Deer. Olympic medallist speed skater Jeremy Wotherspoon also spent most of his childhood in Red Deer after being born in Saskatchewan. Olympic bronze medallist Deidra Dionne grew up in Red Deer.


Infrastructure [edit]

Transportation [edit]

The city is served by Red Deer Regional Airport, which serves mostly general aviation, but also a small commuter airline. Scheduled turbo-prop service is available to Kelowna, Edmonton, Grande Prairie and Fort McMurray.

Red Deer Transit provides local bus service throughout the city.

Health care [edit]

Health care is provided at the Red Deer Regional Hospital.

Education [edit]

Secondary [edit]

Three school authorities operate schools in Red Deer.

Founded in 1887, the Red Deer Public School District[43] serves 10,000 students in thirty schools. Offering a wide range of programming, the district not only meets the needs of children and youth from the City of Red Deer and welcomes international students from around the world. Lindsay Thurber Comprehensive High School and Hunting Hills High School provide a large number of program options for students of high school age.

Founded in 1909, when the Daughters of Wisdom, a religious order from France, accepted the challenge of the Tinchebray Fathers, also from France, to offer Catholic schooling in Red Deer, Red Deer Catholic Regional Schools[44] welcomes almost 7,000 students in five Central Alberta communities, including Red Deer. They operate École Secondaire Notre Dame High School, the only Catholic high school in central Alberta, which serves 1,500 students from the City of Red Deer and surrounding communities.

Greater North Central Francophone Education Region No. 2's school École La Prairie is a French school located near downtown Red Deer that offers pre-kindergarten through grade 9 programs. It offers all courses in French to a population of 119 students [45] whose first language is French.

Post-secondary [edit]

Red Deer College was founded in 1964 as Red Deer Junior College. Today, it offers some degrees, adult upgrading, certificate programs, diploma programs, university transfer courses, applied degree programs, and apprenticeship and trades training.

Media [edit]

Main article: Media in Red Deer, Alberta
[icon] This section requires expansion. (July 2011)

See also [edit]

Portal icon Alberta portal
Portal icon Geography portal

References [edit]

  1. ^ Alberta Municipal Affairs (2010-09-17). "Municipal Profile – City of Red Deer". Retrieved 2010-10-02. 
  2. ^ Alberta Municipal Affairs: Municipal Officials Search
  3. ^ a b c d "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), 2011 and 2006 censuses". Statistics Canada. 2012-02-08. Retrieved 2012-02-08. 
  4. ^ "Population and dwelling counts, for Canada, provinces and territories, and population centres, 2011 and 2006 censuses (Alberta)". Statistics Canada. 2013-01-30. Retrieved 2013-03-17. 
  5. ^ "Red Deerian Comes Out on Top". City of Red Deer. 2009-07-08. Retrieved 2011-06-07. 
  6. ^ Alberta Trail Net (December 2002). "Calgary and Edmonton Trail" (PDF format; requires Adobe Reader). Retrieved 2009-09-14. [dead link]
  7. ^ "North Red Deer: A Century of Change". City of Red Deer. 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-24. 
  8. ^ "2011 Village of North Red Deer Centennial Celebrations". City of Red Deer. 2011. Retrieved 2011-07-24. 
  9. ^ a b c "Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000". Environment Canada. Retrieved 2012-03-31. 
  10. ^ "Table IX: Population of cities, towns and incorporated villages in 1906 and 1901 as classed in 1906". Census of the Northwest Provinces, 1906. Sessional Paper No. 17a. Ottawa: Government of Canada. 1907. p. 100. 
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  25. ^ "Table 4: Population and Total Occupied Dwellings, for Census Divisions and Subdivisions, 1976 and 1981". 1981 Census of Canada. Volume II: Provincial series, Population, Geographic distributions (Alberta). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1982. p. 4.1-4.10. ISBN 0-660-51095-2. 
  26. ^ "Table 2: Census Divisions and Subdivisions – Population and Occupied Private Dwellings, 1981 and 1986". Census Canada 1986. Population and Dwelling Counts – Provinces and Territories (Alberta). Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1987. p. 2.1-2.10. ISBN 0-660-53463-0. 
  27. ^ "Table 2: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 1986 and 1991 – 100% Data". 91 Census. Population and Dwelling Counts – Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1992. p. 100-108. ISBN 0-660-57115-3. 
  28. ^ "Table 10: Population and Dwelling Counts, for Census Divisions, Census Subdivisions (Municipalities) and Designated Places, 1991 and 1996 Censuses – 100% Data". 96 Census. A National Overview – Population and Dwelling Counts. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1997. p. 136-146. ISBN 0-660-59283-5. 
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  31. ^ [1], Community Profiles from the 2006 Census, Statistics Canada - Census Subdivision
  32. ^ "2011 Municipal Affairs Population List". Alberta Municipal Affairs. 2010-10-05. Retrieved 2011-12-12. 
  33. ^ "Red Deer Continues To Grow, City Reaches 91,877 Residents". City of Red Deer. 2011-06-08. Retrieved 2011-06-15. 
  34. ^ City of Red Deer. "2010 Census Results". Retrieved 2010-09-27. 
  35. ^ "2010 Official Population List". Alberta Municipal Affairs. 2010-09-15. Retrieved 2011-01-19. 
  36. ^ "Red Deer—Community Profile". Statistics Canada. Census 2006. Retrieved 2007-06-08. 
  37. ^ "Red Deer". Detailed Mother Tongue (186), Knowledge of Official Languages (5), Age Groups (17A) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2001 and 2006 Censuses—20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  38. ^ "Red Deer". Aboriginal Identity (8), Sex (3) and Age Groups (12) for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census—20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2008-01-15. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  39. ^ "Red Deer". Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (8) and Place of Birth (261) for the Immigrants and Non-permanent Residents of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census—20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-12-14. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  40. ^ "Red Deer". Religion (95A), Age Groups (7A) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas 1 and Census Agglomerations, 1991 and 2001 Censuses—20% Sample Data. Statistics Canada. 2007-03-01. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  41. ^ "The Marketing Search for Anytown, Canada". CBC News. 2007-07-20. Retrieved 2008-02-06. 
  42. ^ City of Red Deer Document – Quality of Life http://www.reddeer.ca/NR/rdonlyres/E9BEC218-E486-4599-9E45-5168E10F9CF0/0/Qualityoflife.pdf
  43. ^ Red Deer Public School District
  44. ^ Red Deer Catholic Regional Division
  45. ^ "Student Population by Grade, School, and Authority, 2011, p. 31.". Alberta Education. Retrieved 2011-04-01. 

External links [edit]

 Bentley Lacombe Alix
Sylvan Lake Stettler
  Red Deer  
Innisfail Penhold Big Valley
Subdivisions
Communities
Cities and urban
service areas

Coordinates: 52°16′05″N 113°48′40″W / 52.26806°N 113.81111°W / 52.26806; -113.81111

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