Regional Municipality of Durham

For other places named Durham, see Durham (disambiguation).

Regional Municipality of Durham
—  Regional Municipality  —
Motto: "A Great Place to Grow"
Map showing Durham Region's location in Ontario
Coordinates: 43°55′N 78°56′W
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Established	January 1, 1974
Seat	Whitby
Government
• Chair Governing Body	Roger Anderson Durham Region Council
Area
• Land	2,523.62 km2 (974.38 sq mi)
Elevation	91.3 m (299.5 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total	608,124
• Density	241.0/km2 (624/sq mi)
Time zone	Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)	Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
Website	www.durham.ca

The Regional Municipality of Durham, informally referred to as Durham Region, is a regional municipality located in Southern Ontario east of Toronto, Ontario. It has an area of approximately 2,500 square kilometres. The towns of Pickering and Ajax, along with the township of Uxbridge, make up part of the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area, with the communities of Oshawa, Whitby, and Clarington making up the Oshawa Census Metropolitan Area. The regional government is headquartered in Whitby.

The southern portion of the region, on Lake Ontario is primarily suburban in nature, forming the eastern end of the 905 belt of suburbs around Toronto. The northern area comprises rural areas and small towns.

History

The Region of Durham was established in 1974 as one of several new regional governments in the Province of Ontario, primarily in fast-growing urban and suburban areas. Durham Region encompasses areas that were previously part of Ontario County and the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham. It was the culmination of a series of studies into municipal governance in the "Oshawa-Centred Region" that had begun in the late 1960s. The ultimate boundaries of the region were somewhat different than had been anticipated; for example, it was widely expected that Pickering would be annexed to Metropolitan Toronto, and that the region would extend further east to include Hope Township and the town of Port Hope.

Climate

Under the Köppen climate classification the Durham Region is generally located in the continental climate (Köppen Dfb).

Climate data for Oshawa
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.0 (57.2)	11.5 (52.7)	23.5 (74.3)	29.5 (85.1)	32.0 (89.6)	34.5 (94.1)	36.5 (97.7)	36.0 (96.8)	31.5 (88.7)	24.4 (75.9)	21.1 (70)	16.0 (60.8)	36.5 (97.7)
Average high °C (°F)	−1.4 (29.5)	−0.6 (30.9)	4.1 (39.4)	10.5 (50.9)	17.0 (62.6)	21.9 (71.4)	25.0 (77)	24.0 (75.2)	19.7 (67.5)	13.1 (55.6)	7.2 (45)	1.5 (34.7)	11.8 (53.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)	−5.3 (22.5)	−4.4 (24.1)	0.1 (32.2)	6.3 (43.3)	12.3 (54.1)	17.2 (63)	20.3 (68.5)	19.6 (67.3)	15.5 (59.9)	9.2 (48.6)	4.0 (39.2)	−2 (28)	7.7 (45.9)
Average low °C (°F)	−9.2 (15.4)	−8.2 (17.2)	−3.8 (25.2)	2.0 (35.6)	7.6 (45.7)	12.4 (54.3)	15.5 (59.9)	15.2 (59.4)	11.2 (52.2)	5.2 (41.4)	0.7 (33.3)	−5.4 (22.3)	3.6 (38.5)
Record low °C (°F)	−30.5 (−22.9)	−27 (−17)	−21 (−6)	−13.3 (8.1)	−2.8 (27)	1.1 (34)	6.0 (42.8)	3.0 (37.4)	−0.6 (30.9)	−7.8 (18)	−12 (10)	−29 (−20)	−30.5 (−22.9)
Precipitation mm (inches)	71.0 (2.795)	52.7 (2.075)	62.3 (2.453)	73.1 (2.878)	74.7 (2.941)	80.6 (3.173)	67.3 (2.65)	83.3 (3.28)	87.9 (3.461)	66.3 (2.61)	79.9 (3.146)	78.7 (3.098)	877.9 (34.563)
Rainfall mm (inches)	32.1 (1.264)	29.5 (1.161)	46.8 (1.843)	70.1 (2.76)	74.7 (2.941)	80.6 (3.173)	67.3 (2.65)	83.3 (3.28)	87.9 (3.461)	66.2 (2.606)	74.2 (2.921)	46.8 (1.843)	759.5 (29.902)
Snowfall cm (inches)	38.9 (15.31)	23.2 (9.13)	15.5 (6.1)	3.1 (1.22)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0.1 (0.04)	5.7 (2.24)	31.9 (12.56)	118.4 (46.61)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm)	12.9	10.3	10.9	12.0	12.7	10.9	10.2	11.5	11.8	12.5	13.1	13.2	142.1
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm)	5.3	4.7	8.0	11.4	12.7	10.9	10.2	11.5	11.8	12.5	12.0	7.3	118.4
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm)	8.5	6.4	3.8	0.87	0	0	0	0	0	0.07	1.8	7.0	28.5
Source: Environment Canada

Subdivisions

Durham Region consists of the following local municipalities:

• Town of Ajax
• Township of Brock
• Municipality of Clarington
• City of Oshawa
• City of Pickering
• Township of Scugog
• Township of Uxbridge
• Town of Whitby

It also contains one Indian reserve: Mississaugas of Scugog Island.

Demographics

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±%
1991	409,070	—
1996	458,616	+12.1%
2001	506,901	+10.5%
2006	561,258	+10.7%
2011	608,124	+8.4%

Racial makeup
Canada 2006 Census		Population	% of Total Population
Visible minority group Source:	South Asian	24,110	4.3
	Chinese	7,560	1.4
	Black	33,300	6
	Filipino	7,650	1.4
	Latin American	3,100	0.6
	Southeast Asian	1,410	0.3
	Arab	3,050	0.5
	West Asian	2,605	0.5
	Korean	1,165	0.2
	Japanese	1,535	0.3
	Mixed visible minority	4,505	0.8
	Other visible minority	3,420	0.6
Total visible minority population		93,420	16.8
Aboriginal group Source:	First Nations	3,960	0.7
	Métis	2,160	0.4
	Inuit	145	0
Total Aboriginal population		6,565	1.2
White		457,340	82.1
Total population		557,330	100

Local government

Durham Region is governed by Durham Region Council, which consists of the Mayors of the local municipalities as well as Regional Councillors directly elected in each municipality. The list below indicates the number of Regional Councillors elected in each local municipality.

• Pickering - 3
• Ajax - 2
• Whitby - 3
• Oshawa - 7
• Clarington - 2
• Uxbridge - 1
• Scugog - 1
• Brock - 1

The Council is led by a Chair, who is selected by the Council itself rather than direct election by the public. The current Chair is Roger Anderson. In 2006, Pickering, Ajax, and Oshawa placed non-binding referendums on their local election ballots to ask voters whether the Chair should be directly elected. Over 80% voted in the affirmative, and so this issue is likely to be a major one during the current term of Council.

The current council was elected in November 2006. In the past, Council has sat for a three year term, but the Ontario Legislature recently passed legislation increasing the length of municipal council terms in Ontario to four years. A municipal election took place in November 2010.

Roger Anderson recently announced that during the 2014 municipal elections there will be a direct eletion for the Chair by the public.

Services

The Regional government, within its geographic area, has sole responsibility for the following:

• Durham Regional Police Service provides local policing for all municipalities.
  • The Ontario Provincial Police patrol provincial highways
• Durham Region Transit provides public transit service
• Main roads, traffic lights and controls
• Strategic land use planning
• Subdivision and condominium approval
• Water supply and distribution
• Sewage collection and treatment
• Collection of recyclable materials
• Waste collection, except in Whitby and Oshawa
• Waste disposal
• Public Health and social services

The Region also provides services in:

• Economic Development
• Tourism

Local Municipalities have responsibility for:

• Local planning
• Local streets and sidewalks
• Fire protection
• Parks and recreation
• Tax collection
• Building inspection and permits
• Public libraries
• Licensing
• Waste collection in Whitby and Oshawa

Economy

Major employers include General Motors of Canada, Ontario Power Generation, Lakeridge Health Corporation, Durham District School Board, Durham College, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, and many smaller component and transportation firms supplying the automotive industry.

Automobile industries and Others

Durham Region is a major centre of the Canadian automobile industry. Oshawa is the Canadian headquarters of General Motors and home of GM's largest plant in North America. In addition, the Canadian headquarters of Volkswagen is located in the Region, BMW was located in the region until moving to Richmond Hill in 2010. The worldwide recession and spike in oil prices resulted in large-scale layoffs at GM beginning in 2008, along with the closure of the Oshawa Truck plant in 2009. This dramatically reduced employment levels at GM, and also resulted in significant employment losses and closures in the auto parts industry. This has recently turned around with the production of several new models in Oshawa.

However, one of the fastest growing industries in the region appears to be within the Marketing field, more specifically, in the Digital or Online Marketing sector. In short, Durham region is quickly becoming a "hub" for entrepreneurs and professionals from within this specialty field, where now more than a dozen can be found including: [12] Search Engine People, [13] YB Marketing Management Services, [14] A Web that Works, Social Media Learning, and [15] Scott Mckeagan - Small Business Internet Marketing.

Transportation

See also: List of numbered roads in Durham Region

400-series freeways

• Highway 401: Durham Region is traversed by Highway 401 as well several other provincial highways, although there is far less highway capacity in Durham Region than in the other regions in the Greater Toronto Area.
• Highway 407 Express Toll Route: The current terminus of Highway 407 is in the eastern portion of the region, at Brock Road in Northern Pickering. As of 2013, work is underway to expand the highway across the region with a proposed terminus at Highway 35/115. Two connecting highways are also planned which will link the 407 to Highway 401.

Other highways

•  Highway 7
• Highway 7A
•  Highway 12
•  Highway 35
•  Highway 48
•  Highway 115
•  Highway 2 (now Durham Highway 2)
•  Highway 47 (now Durham Highway 47)

Public transportation

Public transit in the Region is operated by Durham Region Transit, which was formed in January 2006 when the five preexisting municipal public transit systems in the region were merged under the Region's administration.

In addition, GO Transit provides the following services within the Region:

• Lakeshore East GO Trains serve Pickering, Ajax, Whitby, and Oshawa GO Stations, providing connections to Toronto's Union Station
• Morning Highway 401 peak hour service to Finch Bus Terminal from Oshawa GO Station via Whitby GO Station, Ajax GO Station and Scarborough Town Centre, with reverse service in the afternoon
• Durham Highway 2/Kingston Road (the former provincial Highway 2) between Pickering and Oshawa is served by buses providing connections to the Toronto Transit Commission at Scarborough Town Centre, York Mills, and Yorkdale Shopping Centre
• Clarington is served by buses connecting with Lakeshore East GO Trains at Oshawa GO Station
• Port Perry in Scugog Township is served by buses from Whitby GO Station
• Uxbridge is served by buses from the Stouffville Corridor

Education

The Durham District School Board operates all English-language secular public schools within Durham Region, except for those schools within Clarington, which are part of the Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board. This is a holdover from the pre-1974 structure in which the area now forming Clarington was part of Durham County, while the other municipalities were part of Ontario County.

The Durham Catholic District School Board operates the separate English-language public Catholic school system within Durham Region, again with the exception of schools in Clarington, which are part of the Peterborough Victoria Northumberland and Clarington Catholic District School Board.

Neither school board is an operating division of the Regional government. Instead, as is true of all school boards in Ontario, they are separate entities with distinct but overlapped service areas. Elected public trustees responsible for their operation.

French-language school boards serving the municipality include Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud.

Durham Secondary Academy and Middle School offers private elementary and secondary education for students in the Region of Durham.

The Region also is home to the University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Durham College, and Trent University. The UOIT and Durham college campuses are located in Oshawa, with a Trent satellite campus. Trent University's main campus is in Peterborough. Durham College also has a satellite campus in Whitby. UOIT is currently Ontario's fastest growing university and expected to grow at enormous rates over the next few years.

See also

• Durham Regional Police Service
• Durham Region Transit
• Proposal for the Province of Toronto
• List of townships in Ontario

External links

• Durham Region Durham Region official site.
• Durham Region's Official List of Businesses and Organizations