Regulatory sequence
A regulatory sequence (also called a regulatory region or a regulatory area) is a segment of DNA where regulatory proteins such as transcription factors bind preferentially. These regulatory proteins bind to short stretches of DNA called regulatory regions, which are appropriately positioned in the genome, usually a short distance 'upstream' of the gene being regulated. By doing so, these regulatory proteins can recruit another protein complex, called the RNA polymerase. In this way, they control gene expression and thus protein biosynthesis.
Regulatory sequences can also be found in messenger RNA, but they are generally not as well studied as those in DNA.[citation needed] They may be bound by RNA-binding proteins or RNAs (e.g. miRNAs).
Research to find all regulatory regions in the genomes of all sorts of organisms is under way. [1] Conserved non-coding sequences often contain regulatory regions, and so they are often the subject of these analyses.
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[edit] Examples
- CAAT box
- CCAAT box
- Operator (biology)
- Pribnow box
- TATA box
- SECIS element, mRNA
- Polyadenylation signals, mRNA
- A-box
- Z-box
- C-box
- E-box
- G-box
[edit] For the insulin gene
Regulatory sequences for the insulin gene are:[2]
- A5
- Z
- negative regulatory element (NRE)[3]
- C2
- E2
- A3
- cAMP response element
- A2
- CAAT enhancer binding (CEB)
- C1
- E1
- G1
[edit] See also
- Regulation of gene expression
- Cis-acting element
- Gene regulatory network
- Operon
- Promoter
- Trans-acting factor
- ORegAnno
[edit] References
- ^ Stepanova et al., Bioinformatics, 21(9): 1789-96, year 2005. A comparative analysis of relative occurrence of transcription factor binding sites in vertebrate genomes and gene promoter areas
- ^ Melloul et al., Diabetologica, 45, 309-326, year 2002. Regulation of insulin gene transcription
- ^ Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ...
[edit] External links
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