Reliance (yacht)
 Reliance crossing finish line August 25, 1903 |
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| General characteristics | |
|---|---|
| Class and type: | gaff cutter |
| Displacement: | 189 tons |
| Length: | LOA 201 ft 0 in (61.26 m) LWL 90 ft 0 in (27.43 m) |
| Beam: | 26 ft 0 in (7.92 m) |
| Height: | 199 ft 0 in (60.66 m) |
| Draught: | 20 ft 0 in (6.10 m) |
| Propulsion: | sail |
| Sail plan: | 1,501 m2 (16,160 sq ft) |
| Crew: | 64 |
| Career (US) |  |
| Ordered: | 1902 |
| Builder: | Nathanael Herreshoff |
| Laid down: | 1902 |
| Launched: | 1903 |
| Fate: | scrapped 1913 |
Reliance was the 1903 America's Cup defender, the fourth America's Cup defender from the famous designer Nat Herreshoff, and reportedly the largest gaff-rigged cutter ever built.
Reliance was designed to take full advantage of the Seawanhaka '90-foot'rating rule and was regarded as a "racing freak", suitable only for use in certain conditions. The 1903 America's Cup was the last to be raced according to the Seawanhaka rule.
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[edit] Design
Her design took advantage of a loophole in the Seawanhaka '90-foot' rating rule, to produce a racing yacht with long overhangs at each end, so that when heeled over, her waterline length (and therefore her speed) increased dramatically (see image at left).
To save weight, she was completely unfinished below deck, with exposed frames. She was the first racing boat to be fitted with winches below decks, in an era when her competitors relied on sheer man-power. Despite this she carried a crew of 64 for racing due to her large sail plan.[1]
From the tip of her bowsprit to the end of her 108 foot (32.9 m) boom, Reliance measured 201 feet (61.2 m), and the tip of her mast was 199 feet (60.7 m) above the water (the height of a 20-story building).[1] Everything else was to an equally gargantuan scale; her spinnaker pole was 84 feet (25.6 m) long, and her total sail area of 1,501 m2 (16,160 sq ft) was the equivalent of eight 12 meter class yachts.[2]
Reliance was built for one purpose, to successfully defend the America's Cup. Her design philosophy was summed up by Cornelius Vanderbilt in 1907 when he said "Call the boat a freak, anything you like, but we cannot handicap ourselves, even if our boat is only fit for the junk heap the day after the race.".[3]
Comparison of 87–90 ft America's Cup contenders:
| Year | LOA | LWL | Sail Area | Mast height | Displacement | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reliance | 1903 | 43.89 m (144.0 ft) | 27.43 m (90.0 ft) | 1,501 m2 (16,160 sq ft) | 67.05 m (220.0 ft) | 189 tons |
| Ranger | 1937 | 41.15 m (135.0 ft) | 26.51 m (87.0 ft) | 701 m2 (7,550 sq ft) | 46.98 m (154.1 ft) | 166 tons |
| KZ1 | 1988 | 36.57 m (120.0 ft) | 27.43 m (90.0 ft) | 627 m2 (6,750 sq ft) | 46.78 m (153.5 ft) | 39 tons |
| USA-17 | 2010 | 34.5 m (113 ft) | 27.43 m (90.0 ft) | 1,270 m2 (13,700 sq ft) | 68 m (223 ft) | 18 tons |
[edit] Career
Her racing career was extraordinarily brief – and undefeated. She bested her America's Cup challenger, Sir Thomas Lipton's Shamrock III, designed by William Fife, in all three races, with Shamrock III losing by such a margin in the third that she was forced to retire.[4] Her designer immediately proposed the Universal rating rule to avoid such extreme, dangerous and expensive vessels, which made Reliance an inadequate contestant in subsequent races. There was much speculation as to whether Reliances victory was due to the design of the yacht or the skill of Charlie Barr in sailing her. Lipton himself proposed to allow the two boats to swap crew after the race to decide the matter, but the offer was refused by the owners of Reliance.[5] Her very successful career was short-lived, and she was sold for scrap in 1913.
| “ | They tell me I have a beautiful boat. I don't want a beautiful boat. What I want is a boat to lift the Cup – a Reliance. Give me a homely boat, the homeliest boat that was ever designed, if she is as fast as Reliance. | ” |
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—Sir Thomas Lipton, after his 1903 defeat[1] |
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[edit] References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 90 footers |
- ^ a b c Jacques Taglang (2005-04-01). "Where are they now: 1903 - Reliance". americascup.com. http://32nd.americascup.com/en/acclopaedia/boatdestiny/index.php?idContent=1743.
- ^ America's Cup Hall of Fame
- ^ Evening Post, Volume LXXIV, Issue 79, 30 September 1907 Split the Difference
- ^ Cupineurope.com
- ^ The Dawson Record - Sep 4, 1903 Reliance Wins The Cup
[edit] Further reading
- N. L. Stebbins, W. H. Bunting, Steamers, Schooners, Cutters and Sloops: Marine Photographs of N. L. Stebbins Taken 1884-1907 (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1974)
- Temple to the Wind - The Story of America's Greatest Naval Architect and His Masterpiece, Reliance by Christopher Pastore (Lyons Press 2005, ISBN 9781592285570)
