Rembrandt in Southern California

Rembrandt's Old Man in Military Costume arrived in Southern California in 1978.

Rembrandt in Southern California is a virtual exhibition of paintings by Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn on view in the "greater museum of Southern California." This collaboration was launched online in November 2008 by the Hammer Museum, the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the Norton Simon Museum, and the Timken Museum of Art.

The project was conceived because there is a significant concentration of Rembrandt paintings in the area: it is home to the third largest group in the United States, and is the major venue outside the East Coast. With thirteen paintings collected over the short span of seventy years, beginning with J. Paul Getty’s purchase of the Portrait of Marten Looten in 1938, these works together attest not only to the remarkable range of Rembrandt’s achievement across his long career, but also to the formation of five Southern California area museums, four of which were forged from private collections.

History

"A colony of the Eastern and Midwestern states, Southern California offered the longings and dreams of older American regions enhancement and recycling on the shores of the sundown sea," states historian Kevin Starr. With the steady development of the region—with real estate, a water supply, agriculture, ranching, railroads, a shipping port, the oil boom, and aviation—the desire for and interest in established American cultural pursuits also grew.

Founded in 1905, the Rembrandt Club of Pomona College in Claremont, California, was an early Southern California supporter of the arts. Created for the promotion and encouragement of the arts, it predates all of the major area museums and remains active today.

Arabella Huntington, whose Southern California home, the Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens is now open to the public, purchased Rembrandt's Aristotle Contemplating a Bust of Homer for her house in Paris in 1907. At her death the painting was inherited by her son Archer M. Huntington. He sold it in 1928, the same year that the Huntington Library, Art Gallery, and Botanical Gardens was founded as an institution. Aristotle was eventually purchased by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York in 1962 for 2.3 million dollars. At the time this was the highest amount ever paid for a painting at a public or private sale.

In 1913, the Los Angeles County Museum of History, Science, and Art opened in Exposition Park, Los Angeles. The inclusion of the three divisions had been determined in part by the Smithsonian's configuration, and there was very little art to display. Indeed, in order to meet the deadline of the formal dedication ceremonies on November 6, 1913, the fine arts wing was not only hung with loans from Southern California collectors, but also with a number of works borrowed from East Coast owners. The opening of the museum was timed to coincide with the completion of the Owens Valley aqueduct—it was part of the celebratory festivities. This was no coincidence: the ready availability of water made the development of Southern California possible. Soon a community interested and knowledgeable regarding culture and fine arts emerged.

During the last century, collections of art that included paintings by old masters such as Rembrandt were highly sought after by many of America's business elite, and Southern-California collectors were no exception. Considered a newsworthy event, accounts in the Los Angeles Times trumpet the earliest arrivals of professed Rembrandt paintings in the Southland in 1928 and 1932.

An Elderly Jew in Fur Cap, 1645, was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. Fred E. Keeler of Hollywood in 1928. President and major stockholder of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, Keeler informed the press that he and his wife hoped to build a gallery to house their pictures adjoining their home, and open it to the public. During the fall and winter of 1934-35, the Los Angeles Sunday Times published a series entitled "Southern California's One Hundred Finest Privately Owned Paintings." The Keeler's "Rembrandt" was featured in the first edition of the series. When Mary Keeler died in 1939, she left their collection of art to the County Museum of History, Science, and Art, without restrictions.

Another purported Rembrandt, Portrait of a Woman with Oriental Headdress, 1635, was acquired by Mr. and Mrs. Willitts J. Hole of Hancock Park in 1932. An early twentieth century Southern California real estate developer, Hole built a private art gallery adjoining his residence, in which the collection was arranged by nationality and lit by artificial light, akin to a museum. In 1938, the Willitts J. Hole collection was donated by his daughter Agnes Hole Rindge to the University of California, Los Angeles. Soon after, on January 8, 1940, the Hole Rembrandt and many other paintings from the collection were installed in the UCLA Library.

Supported by scholars as genuine works by Rembrandt's hand at the time, both the Keeler and Hole pictures have since been reconsidered.

German art historian Wilhelm R. Valentiner published Rembrandt Paintings in America in 1931 with the inclusion of just one work in Southern California—in fact, only one work in the entire state of California—St. John the Baptist, 1632, owned by newspaper magnate William Randolph Hearst, Los Angeles. In 1947 when the picture was owned by Marion Davies, Hearst gave the funds to Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) to purchase it, along with eighteen other works, from her. No longer considered by Rembrandt, it is presently attributed to Govert Flinck and called Portrait of a Bearded Man.

Today it is generally accepted by art historians that the earliest authentic Rembrandt acquired in Southern California was the Portrait of Marten Looten, acquired by J. Paul Getty in 1938, now in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA).

Already a well known art world figure, Wilhelm Valentiner came to Los Angeles in 1946 to assume the directorship of the precursor of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), the "Los Angeles County Museum." As described above, prior to a division in 1961, fine art was integrated with history and science in what is now the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County's edifice.

In 1947, shortly after arriving in Los Angeles, Valentiner organized and curated a major loan exhibition of works by Rembrandt and fellow Dutch seventeenth-century painter Frans Hals at the County Museum. The show featured paintings from a number of Southern California private collections such as Jacob M. Heimann of Los Angeles, J. Paul Getty of Los Angeles, Mr. and Mrs. Converse M. Converse of Santa Barbara, and George Huntington Hartford II of Los Angeles; and included works that are in Southern California museums today, namely the Los Angeles County Museum's Portrait of Marten Looten and the Hammer Museum's Juno.

Time Magazine cover artist Bernard Safran featured LA collector Norton Simon with his newly acquired Rembrandt on the June 4, 1965 issue

Getty gave Marten Looten to the Los Angeles County Museum in 1953, undoubtably convinced to do so by Valentiner. Soon after the Rembrandt expert became the first director of the newly created J. Paul Getty Museum in Malibu, 1954.

Shortly after the new Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) had opened in 1961, critic Howard Taubman penned an article in the New York Times entitled "Culture Way Out West: Los Angeles Art Museum Embarks on Long Road to First-Class Status" suggesting that there was a good deal of room for improvement. "Museum leaders have calculated the cost of upgrading various areas of their collection," he states, "To achieve a No. 1 spot in Thai art...would cost only $250,000. To approach the heights of a Rembrandt repository...would cost no less than $65 million." The article also reports a rumor about a Southern California Rembrandt that is very illuminating:

While Los Angeles may resent signs of Eastern condescension, it has not lost its sense of humor. It is still capable of chuckling about a story, possibly only a rumor, involving a Rembrandt portrait owned by Howard Ahmanson, banker and patron of the arts. Some doubt has been cast on the authenticity of the painting's attribution, and the plan, the story has it, has been worked out for a test. There is a similar Rembrandt at the National Gallery, and the one here will be carried tenderly in the next month or two to Washington, where the two paintings will be hung and studied side by side. Wouldn't it be funny, remarked a cynical fellow the other day, if some expert opined that the one in Washington is dubious? Are you laughing back there in the East?

Rembrandt, Saint Bartholomew, 1661, was sold in 1962 at a Sotheby's, London standing-room only sale. Purchased by J. Paul Getty, it is now in collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum.

In 1965, Norton Simon, a Southern California businessman and major Los Angeles County Museum of Art supporter, purchased Rembrandt's Titus at a Christie's London auction. The result was a media commotion. The painting had been knocked down by the auctioneer to an English buyer, but Simon was able to reopen the bidding by producing a letter that proved that the auctioneer had overlooked his prearranged bidding signal. A natural genius at promotion and marketing, Simon arranged the Rembrandt portrait's American debut at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, where its debarkation from the plane was filmed for posterity. Stating that "the painting has such great beauty and universal appeal that the Norton Simon Foundation has a special obligation to exhibit it in the most favorable circumstances for the widest possible enjoyment," Simon allowed the work to be on view there for six months, where it was seen by over 300,000 visitors. That June, Simon and the Rembrandt picture made the cover of Time Magazine. Disguised as a wrapped Christmas present and featuring a tag reading "To Mother," Titus made the plane trip from DC to Southern California in December 1965

Rembrandt paintings in Southern California Museums

Ordered chronologically by date of arrival in Southern California

• 

  Gift of J. Paul Getty
  Saint Bartholomew, 1661, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. In Southern California by 1971.

• 

  An Old Man in Military Costume, about 1630-31, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. In Southern California by 1978.

• 

  The Abduction of Europa, 1632, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. In Southern California by 1995.

• 

  Daniel and Cyrus before the Idol Bel, 1633, J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles. In Southern California by 1995.

Further reading

• Getty, Jean Paul. The Joys of Collecting. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1965.

• Marandel, J. Patrice, Mary Levkoff, Amy Walsh et al. Los Angeles County Museum of Art: European Art. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 2006.

• Muchnic, Suzanne. Odd Man In: Norton Simon and the Pursuit of Culture. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.

• Schaefer, Scott ed. Online Catalogue of the J. Paul Getty Museum Paintings Collection. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum, in preparation.

• Starr, Kevin. Inventing the Dream: California through the Progressive Era. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

• Timken Museum of Art: European Works of Art, American Paintings, and Russian Icons in the Putnam Foundation Collection. San Diego, CA: The Putnam Foundation, 1996.

• Valentiner, Wilhelm Reinhold. Rembrandt Paintings in America. New York : S.W. Frankel, 1931.

• Walsh, Amy. Northern European Paintings at the Norton Simon Museum. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, forthcoming.

External links

• Rembrandt in Southern California collaborative project
• List of early Los Angeles art galleries, clubs, museums, art schools, and teachers on the California Art Club Web site
• A biography of the artist Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn from the J. Paul Getty Museum
• Juno, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, The Hammer Museum
• Saint Bartholomew, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• An Old Man in Military Costume, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• The Abduction of Europa, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• Daniel and Cyrus before the Idol Bel, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• Portrait of a Girl Wearing a Gold Trimmed Cloak, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, J. Paul Getty Museum
• Portrait of Dirck Jansz Pesser, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, LACMA
• Portrait of Marten Looten, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Los Angeles County Museum
• The Raising of Lazarus, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, LACMA
• Portrait of a Boy, Presumed to Be the Artist's Son, Titus, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Norton Simon Museum
• Saint Bartholomew, Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn, Timken Museum of Art
• Norton Simon and his Rembrandt, Bernard Safran