Republic of Kosova
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Republic of Kosova Republika e Kosovës | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990–2000 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Anthem: Himni i Flamurit ("Hymn to the Flag") | |||||||||
| File:KSA Kosovo.png | |||||||||
| Status | partially recognised state | ||||||||
| Capital | Pristina | ||||||||
| Common languages | Albanian | ||||||||
| Government | Republic | ||||||||
| President | |||||||||
| Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1990–1991 | Jusuf Zejnullahu | ||||||||
• 1991–2000 | Bujar Bukoshi | ||||||||
• 1999–2000 | Hashim Thaçi | ||||||||
| Historical era | Yugoslav wars | ||||||||
• Established | 1990 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | February 1 2000 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• | 2,000,000 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Republic of Kosova (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës) was a partially recognised state proclaimed in 1991 by a parallel parliament representing the Albanian population of Kosovo, recognized only by the Republic of Albania[1]. During its peak, it tried to establish its own parallel political institutions in opposition to the institutions of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija which were installed by Belgrade.
History
Proclamation of the Republic of Kosova
The Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo was established in 1974 with a high degree of autonomy within the Socialist Republic of Serbia. This autonomy was curtailed by constitutional amendments in 1989, resulting in mass protests by Kosovar Albanians, many of whom were arrested by the then-Yugoslav authorities. This resulted in a declaration of a state of emergency in February 1990 and the resignation of the Provincial Council of Ministers in May.
In response to this political crisis, the ethnic Albanian dominated Provincial Assembly proposed that Kosovo be elevated to a Republic within the Yugoslav Federation. This prompted the dissolution of the Assembly by the Serbian Government and assertion of direct control over Kosovo's institutions.
Ethnic Albanian members of the now officially dissolved Kosovo Assembly met in secret in Kačanik and declared a constituent "Republic of Kosova" within Yugoslavia. The assembly went on to declare the "Republic of Kosova" a sovereign and independent state on 22 September 1991. This declaration was endorsed by an unofficial referendum held a few days later.[citation needed]
Parallel structures
Kosovo Albanians organized a peaceful separatist movement, creating a number of parallel structures in education, medical care, and taxation.[2]
NATO intervention and disestablishment
The KLA-led campaign continued into January 1999 and was brought to the attention of the world media by heavy casualties in the village of Racak (Račak incident). An international conference was held in Rambouillet, France later that spring and resulted in a proposed peace agreement (the Rambouillet Agreement) which was accepted by the ethnic Albanian side but rejected by the Yugoslav Government.
The failure of the talks at Rambouillet resulted in a NATO air campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia lasting from 24 March to 11 June when the Yugoslav authorities signed a military technical agreement allowing NATO peacekeepers (KFOR) and an international civilian mission (UNMIK) to enter Kosovo.
UNMIK assumed executive, legislative and judicial control of Kosovo and exercised this through a Special Representative of the Secretary General. A Kosovo Transitional Council was established to enable Kosovo political and community leaders were represented in decisions. The KLA was disbanded and replaced by the Kosovo Protection Corps, a lightly armed civilian emergency response organization.
The Republic of Kosova was formally abolished when its institutions were replaced by the institutions of the Joint Interim Administrative Structure established by UNMIK.
Photos by Michael Kerjman [3], a neutral UN participant in international reviving activities illustrate reality of Kosovo-99 [4].
Political leaders
President
- Ibrahim Rugova 1992-1999
Prime Ministers
- Jusuf Zejnullahu 1990-1991
- Bujar Bukoshi 1991-1999
See also
References
- ^ Statement of Albanian PM Sali Berisha during the recognition of the Republic of Kosovo, stating that this is based on an 1991 Albanian law, which recognized the Republic of Kosova
- ^ Clark, Howard. Civil Resistance in Kosovo. London: Pluto Press, 2000. ISBN 0-7453-1569-0
- ^ "Kerjman - WhO? on Yedda". Yedda.com. 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- ^ "Kosovo-99 : NOLA Indymedia". Neworleans.indymedia.org. Retrieved 2010-06-19.
- ^ Ben Cahoon. "Serbia". Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 2010-06-19.