Rhodri the Great
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Rhodri the Great (in Welsh, Rhodri Mawr; occasionally in English, Roderick the Great) (c. 820–878) was the first ruler of Wales to be called 'Great', and the first to rule most of present-day Wales. He is referred to as "King of the Britons" by the Annals of Ulster. In some later histories, he is referred to as "King of Wales" but he did not rule all of Wales nor was this term used contemporaneously to describe him.
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[edit] Lineage & inheritance
The son of Merfyn Frych, King of Gwynedd, and Nest ferch Cadell of the Royal line of Powys, he inherited the Kingdom of Gwynedd on his father's death in 844.
When his maternal uncle Cyngen ap Cadell ruler of Powys died on a pilgrimage to Rome in 855 Rhodri inherited Powys. In 872 Gwgon, ruler of Seisyllwg in southern Wales, was accidentally drowned, and Rhodri added his Kingdom to his domains by virtue of his marriage to Angharad, Gwgon's sister. This made him the ruler of the larger part of Wales.
[edit] Resistance against Danes
Rhodri faced pressure both from the English and increasingly from the Danes, who were recorded as ravaging Anglesey in 854. In 856 Rhodri won a notable victory over the Danes, killing their leader Gorm (sometimes given as Horm). Two poems by Sedulius Scotus written at the court of Charles the Bald, King of the Western Franks, celebrate the victory of "Roricus" over the Norsemen.
In 876 Rhodri fought another battle against the Norse invaders on Anglesey, after which he had to flee to Ireland.
[edit] Defeat and death
On his return the following year, he and his son Gwriad were said to have been killed by the English under Alfred the Great, though the precise manner of his death is unknown. When his son, Anarawd ap Rhodri won a victory over the Mercians a few years later, it was hailed in the annals as "God's vengeance for Rhodri".
[edit] Succession
Rhodri died leaving three sons:
His heir, Anarawd ap Rhodri, who became the king of Gwynedd;
His son Cadell ap Rhodri, who conquered Dyfed, which was later joined with Seisyllwg by Rhodri's grandson Hywel Dda to become Deheubarth. Like his grandfather, Hywel would come to rule most of Wales; and
His son Merfyn ap Rhodri, who became the king of the Powys.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- Nora K. Chadwick (1963). Celtic Britain. Thames and Hudson.
- John Edward Lloyd (1911). A history of Wales: from the earliest times to the Edwardian conquest. Longmans, Green & Co..
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad |
King of Gwynedd 844-878 |
Succeeded by Anarawd ap Rhodri |
| Preceded by Cyngen ap Cadell |
King of Powys 855-878 |
Succeeded by Merfyn ap Rhodri |
| Preceded by Gwgon |
Prince of Seisyllwg 872-878 |
Succeeded by Cadell ap Rhodri |
