Richard fitz Gilbert
| Richard fitz Gilbert | |
|---|---|
| Lord of Clare, Bienfaite, Orbec and Tonbridge | |
 |
|
| De Clare Coat of Arms, adopted c.1200 at start of Age of Heraldry | |
| Successor | Gilbert fitz Richard |
| Spouse | Rohese Giffard |
| Issue | |
| Walter de Clare, Lord of Nether Gwent Richard fitz Richard de Clare |
|
| Father | Gilbert, Count of Brionne |
| Born | c 1030 Normandy, France |
| Died | 1091 St. Neot's Priory, Huntingdonshire, England |
Richard fitz Gilbert (c. 1030 – 1091), was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066. He was also known as "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and "de Tonbridge".[1]
Contents |
[edit] Biography
According to the medieval chronicler Gerald of Wales, the first of this great family, Richard de Clare, was the eldest son of Gilbert, surnamed Crispin, Count of Brionne, in Normandy. This Richard fitz-Gilbert came into England with William the Conqueror, and received from him great advancement in honour and possessions.[2]
The Dictionary of National Biography and other sources are vague and sometimes contradictory about when the name de Clare came into common usuage, but what we do know is that Richard fitz Gilbert (of Tonbridge), the earliest identifiable progenitor of the family, is once referred to as Richard of Clare in the Suffolk return of the Domesday Book.[3]
[edit] Rewards
He was rewarded with 176 lordships and large grants of land in England, including the right to build the castles of Clare and of Tonbridge. Richard fitz Gilbert received the lordship of Clare, in Suffolk, where parts of the wall of Clare Castle still stand.[4] He was thus Lord of Clare. Some contemporaneous and later sources called him Earl of Clare, though many modern sources view the title as a "styled title".
He served as Joint Chief Justiciar in William's absence, and played a major part in suppressing the revolt of 1075.
[edit] Rebel Baron
On William's death, Richard and other great Norman barons, including Odo of Bayeux, Robert, Count of Mortain , William fitz Osbern and Geoffrey of Coutances, led a rebellion against the rule of William Rufus in order to place Robert Curthose on the throne. However, most Normans in England remained loyal. William Rufus and his army successfully attacked the rebel strongholds at Tonbridge, Pevensey and Rochester.[5]
[edit] Death and succession
He was buried in St. Neot's Priory in 1091. His widow was still living in 1113. His lands were inherited by his son, Gilbert fitz Richard.
[edit] Family
He was the son of Gilbert "Crispin", Count of Brionne, grandson of Richard I of Normandy. In spite of this, sources as far back as the Annals of the Four Masters claim that Richard's great-grandson, Richard "Strongbow", was the direct descendant of Robert "the Devil", father of William the Conqueror.
Richard married Rohese Giffard, daughter of Sir Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville and Agnes Flaitel, and had the following children:
- Walter de Clare, Lord of Nether Gwent, d. 1138
- Richard fitz Richard de Clare, Abbot of Ely, d. 1107
- Roger fitz Richard de Clare, received Norman lands and d. 1131, apparently without issue
- Gilbert fitz Richard, d. 1115, succeeded his father as Earl of Clare
- Robert fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Baron of Baynard, d. 1136
- Rohese de Clare, d. 1121, m. (ca. 1088), Eudo de Rie.
- Adelize de Clare, d. 1138. m. Walter Tirel
[edit] Surrey
Richard's Surrey lands had a value of £241: 30% of the value of his English lands. Within Surrey, Richard fitz Gilbert owned manors in the following places: Albury, Beddington, Bletchingley, Buckland, Chelsham, Chessington, Chipstead, Chivington, Effingham, Apps in Elmbridge, Farleigh, Immerworth (Kingston upon Thames), Long Ditton, Mickleham, Molesey, Ockley, Old Malden, Shalford, Streatham, Tandridge, Tolworth, Tooting, Walton-on-Thames, Warlingham, Tillingdon, and Woldingham.[citation needed]
[edit] References
- ^ John Horace Round, 1911 Britannica article Clare (Family), http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Clare_%28Family%29.
- ^ The Historical Works of Giraldus Cambensis 86C The Itinerary Through Wales.
- ^ The Suffolk return of the Domesday Survey (c. 1086) (ed. A. Rumble, Suffolk, 2 vols (Chichester, 1986), 67 ~ 1)
- ^ The Royal Ancestry Bible Royal ancestors of 300 American Families By Michel L. Call ISBN 1-933194-22-7 (chart 1696)
- ^ A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217–1314 by Michael Altschul (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins, 1965)
