Ritchie Boys
The Ritchie Boys was a US special military intelligence unit in World War II comprising mainly German-speaking immigrants to the USA. They were predominately Jews, most of whom had fled Nazi persecution. They were primarily utilised for interrogation of prisoners on the front lines and counter-intelligence in Europe because of their knowledge of the German language and culture.
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[edit] About the group
The Ritchie Boys consisted of approximately 9,000[1] young Germans and Austrians, who were mostly Jewish, and who had escaped from their countries of birth and immigrated to the US. Most had been drafted or volunteered into the United States Army. They were trained at the Military Intelligence Training Center at Camp Ritchie in Maryland, now officially known as Fort Ritchie. They were specially trained in methods of intelligence, counterintelligence, interrogation, investigation and psychological warfare. They were suitable for these tasks because they knew the German language and German mentality better than most American-born soldiers. The role of these soldiers was therefore to work in the front lines (or even behind them,) at strategic corps and army levels, at interrogation, analyzing German forces and plans; and also as members of the U.S. Counter Intelligence Corps; and also to study the enemy, and demoralize him in order to achieve an unconditional surrender.
After the US declared war on Germany, the Ritchie Boys became a decisive weapon for the Allied powers. Many of them entered Europe on D-Day on June 6, 1944 along with the other Allied troops. Others followed over time. Shortly after reaching land they left their units and pursued their special tasks. They were able to feed the Allies valuable information. Moreover, the Ritchie Boys helped break German resistance by demoralizing them in both open and covert operations. They interrogated POWs and defectors to obtain information about German force levels, troop movements, and the physical and psychological state of the Germans. By means of targeted disinformation via newspaper announcements, flyers, radio broadcasts, and sound trucks, the German population and military was prompted to cease their resistance against the Allied invasion.
After the war, many of the Ritchie Boys served as translators and interrogators. Some had these roles during the Nuremberg Trials. The first-ever reunion of the Ritchie Boys took place from July 23-July 25, 2011, at the Holocaust Memorial Center in Farmington Hills, Michigan. Many of them went on to successful political, scientific, or business careers. The Ritchie Boys included several prominent men such as Hans Habe, Klaus Mann, Stefan Heym, Hanus Burger, George Mandler, Richard Schifter, Guy Stern, Walter Schwarz and David Robert Seymour.
In 2004, the group and its work was the subject of the documentary movie "The Ritchie Boys" by film-maker Christian Bauer, featuring ten Ritchie Boys.
[edit] References
- ^ Jeffreys, Keith: Remembering the Ritchie Boys. Retrieved 2007-02-12
[edit] External links
- (German) Baron, Ulrich: Wir waren nicht mehr wehrlos in Die Welt. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
- The Ritchie Boys Comprehensive website with history, media and contact information. Retrieved 2007-02-17
- The Ritchie Boys - official website
- The Ritchie Boys - The Ritchie Boys film at the Internet Movie Data Base
- FortRitchie.com - Fort Ritchie at Cascade website
[edit] Notes
- This article incorporates information from the revision as of February 12, 2007 of the equivalent article on the German Wikipedia.
