Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe

The Most Honourable The Marquess of Crewe KG, PC
The Lord Houghton by Walter Osborne
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
In office 18 August 1892 – 29 June 1895
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Earl of Rosebery
Preceded by	The Earl of Zetland
Succeeded by	The Earl Cadogan
Leader of the House of Lords
In office 14 April 1908 – 10 December 1916
Monarch	Edward VII George V
Prime Minister	H. H. Asquith
Preceded by	The Marquess of Ripon
Succeeded by	The Earl Curzon of Kedleston
Personal details
Born	12 January 1858 (1858-01-12)
Died	20 June 1945(1945-06-20) (aged 87)
Nationality	British
Political party	Liberal
Spouse(s)	(1) Sibyl Graham (d. 1887) (2) Lady Margaret Primrose
Alma mater	Trinity College, Cambridge

Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe KG, PC (12 January 1858 – 20 June 1945), known as The Lord Houghton from 1885 to 1895 and as The Earl of Crewe from 1895 to 1911, was a British statesman and writer.

Background and education

Crewe was the son of Richard Monckton Milnes, 1st Baron Houghton by his wife the Hon. Annabella, daughter of John Crewe, 2nd Baron Crewe, and was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge.

Political career

A Liberal in politics, Crewe became private secretary to Lord Granville when Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1883–84), and in 1886 he was made a Lord-in-Waiting. In the Liberal administration of 1892–1895 he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, with John Morley as Chief Secretary. In 1894 he succeeded to the estates of his uncle, Hungerford Crewe, 3rd Baron Crewe, and assumed the same year the additional surname of Crewe by Royal license. In 1895 he was created Earl of Crewe, in the County Palatine of Chester. From 1905 to 1908 he was Lord President of the Council in the Liberal government; in 1908, in Asquith's cabinet, he became Secretary of State for the Colonies (1910–15) and Liberal leader in the House of Lords. In this latter role, he played a key part in bringing the Parliament Act 1911 (depriving the Lords of its veto) to the statute book. His colonial responsibilities included terms as Secretary of State for India (1910–11 and 1911–15). He was further honoured in 1911 when he made Earl of Madeley, in the County of Stafford, and Marquess of Crewe.

Crewe served as Lord President of the Council again in 1915–16. He maintained a leading role in the education sector, serving as Chaiman of the Governing Body of Imperial College London (1907–22), President of the Board of Education (1916) and Chancellor of Sheffield University. He was also chairman of London County Council in 1917. He was later Ambassador to France (1922–28), and Secretary of State for War in 1931. As Ambassador to France he launched a fund for the creation of a British Institute in Paris which has since developed into the University of London Institute in Paris (ULIP).

Literary work

Crewe inherited his father's literary tastes, and published Stray Verses in 1890, besides other miscellaneous literary work, including Gleanings from Béranger (privately printed in 1889). He also wrote a biography on his father-in-law, Lord Rosebery, published in 1931. A war poem, A Harrow Grave in Flanders—which touches on the theme of "what might have been"—was published in several anthologies during and following World War I.

Family

Crewe married firstly Sibyl Marcia Graham (1857–1887), daughter of Sir Frederick Graham, 3rd Baronet of Netherby, in 1880. They had three daughters and one son, who died as a child:

• Lady Annabel Crewe-Milnes (1881–1948). In 1903 she married Arthur O'Neill (1876–1914), later Ulster Unionist MP for Mid Antrim. Their third son, Terence O'Neill, served as Prime Minister of Northern Ireland.
• Hon. Richard Charles Rodes Milnes (1882–1890).
• Lady Celia Hermione Crewe-Milnes (1884-1985). She married Sir Edward Clive Milnes-Coates, 2nd Baronet.
• Lady Helen Cynthia Crewe-Milnes (1884–1968). Twin of Celia Hermione. She married the Hon. George Charles Colville (1867–1943) and was mother of the Cabinet Secretary Sir John Colville.

In 1899, more than a decade after his first wife's death, Crewe married again to the eighteen-year-old Lady Margaret Etienne Hannah (Peggy) Primrose, daughter of the 5th Earl of Rosebery. They had two children:

• Richard George Archibald John Lucian Hungerford Crewe-Milnes, Earl of Madeley (1911–1922),
• Lady Mary Evelyn Hungerford Crewe-Milnes (1915–), first wife of the 9th Duke of Roxburghe.

Lord Crewe died in June 1945, aged 87. As he had no surviving male heir his titles became extinct.

Trivia

His father-in-law, Lord Rosebery, had been Liberal Leader six years before he himself became Leader in the House of Lords of that party. Rosebery thought Crewe a reliable politician but a poor speaker. When it was announced to him that his daughter, the Marchioness of Crewe, was in labour, Rosebery quipped, "I hope that her delivery is not as slow as Crewe's".

References

• Lord Crewe, 1858-1945. The Likeness of a Liberal, James Pope Hennessy (Constable & Co, London, 1955).
• Ian Packer, The Earl of Crewe in Brack et al. (eds.) Dictionary of Liberal Biography; Politico's, 1998 pp87–88

External links

• "Milnes, Robert Offley Ashburton Crewe", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Political offices
Preceded by The Earl of Zetland	Lord Lieutenant of Ireland 1892–1895	Succeeded by The Earl Cadogan
Preceded by The Marquess of Londonderry	Lord President of the Council 1905–1908	Succeeded by The Lord Tweedmouth
Preceded by The Earl of Elgin and Kincardine	Colonial Secretary 1908–1910	Succeeded by Lewis Vernon Harcourt
Preceded by The Marquess of Ripon	Lord Privy Seal 1908–1911	Succeeded by The Earl Carrington
	Leader of the House of Lords 1908–1916	Succeeded by The Earl Curzon of Kedleston
Preceded by The Viscount Morley of Blackburn	Secretary of State for India 1910–1915	Succeeded by Austen Chamberlain
Preceded by The Marquess of Lincolnshire	Lord Privy Seal 1912–1915	Succeeded by The Earl Curzon of Kedleston
Preceded by The Earl Beauchamp	Lord President of the Council 1915–1916
Preceded by Arthur Henderson	President of the Board of Education 1916	Succeeded by Herbert Fisher
Preceded by Alfred Fowell Buxton	Chairman of the London County Council 1917 – 1918	Succeeded by Ronald Collet Norman
Preceded by Thomas Shaw	Secretary of State for War 1931	Succeeded by The Viscount Hailsham
Party political offices
Preceded by The Marquess of Ripon	Leader of the Liberals in the House of Lords 1908–1923	Succeeded by The Viscount Grey of Fallodan
Preceded by The Marquess of Reading	Leader of the Liberals in the House of Lords 1936–1944	Succeeded by The Viscount Samuel
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by The Lord Hardinge of Penshurst	British Ambassador to France 1922–1928	Succeeded by Sir William Tyrrell
Academic offices
Preceded by Henry Fitzalan-Howard	Chancellor of the University of Sheffield 1917–1944	Succeeded by Henry Lascelles
Honorary titles
Preceded by The Duke of Fife	Lord Lieutenant of the County of London 1912–1944	Succeeded by The Duke of Wellington
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Marquess of Crewe 1911–1945	Extinct
Preceded by Richard Monckton Milnes	Baron Houghton 1885–1945