Romanov impostors

From left to right, Grand Duchesses Anastasia and Olga; Tsar Nicholas II, Tsarevich Alexei, Grand Duchesses Tatiana and Maria with Cossacks in 1916. Courtesy: Beinecke Library.

The Russian royal family were killed by Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg, Russia on July 17, 1918. Since then, a number of people have come forward claiming to have survived the murder of the Imperial family. All were impostors as the skeletal remains of the Imperial family have since been recovered and identified through DNA testing.

DNA testing

In 1991 human remains were found in the forest outside Yekaterinburg. They have been identified through DNA testing as belonging to the Romanovs and their servants. In 1998 the Romanovs were buried in St. Petersburg and have been declared passion bearers by the Russian Orthodox Church. However, two sets of remains were missing from the mass grave. Scientists identified the missing family members as Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia, who was a few weeks short of his fourteenth birthday at the time of the killing, and either Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia or Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, who were seventeen and nineteen respectively at the time of the killings. The report of two missing bodies continues to fuel speculation that one or more members of the family could have survived.

On August 23, 2007, a Russian archaeologist announced the discovery of two burned, partial skeletons at a bonfire site near Yekaterinburg that appeared to match the site described in Yurovsky's memoirs. The archaeologists said the bones are from a boy who was roughly between the ages of ten and thirteen years at the time of his death and of a young woman who was roughly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-three years old. Along with the remains of the two bodies, archaeologists found "shards of a container of sulfuric acid, nails, metal strips from a wooden box, and bullets of various caliber". The bones were found using metal detectors and metal rods as probes.

On January 22, 2008, Russian forensic scientists announced that preliminary testing indicated a "high degree of probability" that the remains belong to the Tsarevich Alexei and to one of his sisters. The Yekaterinburg region's chief forensic expert Nikolai Nevolin indicated the results will be compared against those obtained by foreign experts and a final report could be issued by April or May 2008. On April 30, 2008, Russian forensic scientists announced that DNA testing proves that the remains belong to the Tsarevich Alexei and to one of his sisters. With this result, all of the Tsar's family are accounted for.

Anastasia's survival stories have always been the most famous, inspiring dozens of books and films.

Anastasia impostors

Some of the women who have claimed to be the Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia are:

• Anna Anderson, real name Franziska Schanzkowska, was, by far, the most famous impostor. She appeared in 1920 in Berlin, Germany, and died in Charlottesville, Virginia, in 1984;
• Eugenia Smith, appeared in Chicago in 1963 and died there in 1997.
• Eleonora Kruger, died in a Bulgarian village;
• Natalya Petrovna Bilikhodze, appeared in 1995 and went to Russia in 2002 to "claim the Romanov fortune."
• Nadezhda Vasilyeva, appeared in the 1920s in Russia and died there in a Kazan mental ward in 1971.

Alexei impostors

Several men who claimed to be Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia.

• Eugene Nicolaievich Ivanoff, whose claim emerged from Poland in 1927
• Alexander Savin, who was arrested by the OGPU (Russian Secret Police) in 1928
• Georgi Zhudin,who died in a Bulgarian village.
• Heino Tammet, who died in 1977 in Vancouver, Canada.
• Michael Goleniewski, a CIA agent who in 1959 claimed to be the Tsarevich.
• Alexei Poutziato
• Joseph Veres
• Vasily Filatov
• Author Michael Gray (an alias adopted by the Northern Irish teacher) claimed in his book Blood Relative that the Tsarevich escaped with the Dowager Empress aboard the warship HMS Marlborough in 1919 and later assumed the name Nikolai Chebotarev. In the book, Gray claims he is the son of the Tsarevich and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, who secretly married the widowed Princess Marina in the late 1940s.

Olga, Tatiana, and Maria impostors

• Marga Boodts claimed to be the Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia.
• Others have claimed that Larissa Tudor might have been Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia.
• It has been claimed that a woman named Granny Alina might have been Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.
• Alexis Brimeyer claimed his grandmother, Ceclava Czapska, was Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.
• Maddess Aiort claimed to be the Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia.
• Michelle Anches claimed to be the Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia.

Other impostors

• Anatoly Ionov claims to be Anastasia's son.
• Suzanna Catharina de Graaff was a Dutch woman who claimed to be the fifth daughter of Nicholas and Alexandra, born in 1903 when Alexandra was reported to have had a "hysterical pregnancy". There are no official or private records of Alexandra giving birth to any child at this time.