Rosa gallica

Rosa gallica
Wild Rosa gallica in Romania
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae
Genus:	Rosa
Species:	R. gallica
Binomial name
Rosa gallica L.

Rosa gallica (Gallic Rose, French Rose, or Rose of Provins) is a species of rose native to southern and central Europe eastwards to Turkey and the Caucasus.

Cultivars of the species R. gallica and hybrids close in appearance are considered as a Cultivar Group, the Gallica Group roses. Their exact ancestry is usually unknown and other species may be involved. The Gallica Group roses share the vegetative characters of the species, forming low suckering shrubs. The flowers can be single, but most commonly are double or semidouble. The colours range from white (rare) to pink and deep purple. All Gallica Group roses are once flowering. They are easily cultivated.

Plants with semidouble deep pink flowers have been treated as either a variety, under the name R. gallica var. officinalis, or as a cultivar, R. gallica 'Officinalis'. It is also called the Apothecary's Rose or the "Red Rose of Lancaster". It is the county flower of Lancashire.^{[citation needed]}

In 2004, an old cultivar of the Gallica Group named 'Cardinal de Richelieu' was used as a starting point for genetic engineering to produce the first blue rose.

The names Rosa gallica f. trigintipetala or Rosa 'Trigintipetala' are considered to be synonyms of Rosa × damascena.

Description

Rosa gallica is a deciduous shrub forming large patches of shrubbery, the stems with prickles and glandular bristles. The leaves are pinnate, with three to seven bluish-green leaflets. The flowers are clustered one to four together, single with five petals, fragrant, deep pink. The hips are globose to ovoid, 10–13 mm diameter, orange to brownish.

Cultivation

Rosa gallica 'Tuscany superb'

The species is easily cultivated on well drained soil in full sun to semishade; it can survive temperatures down to −25 °C. It is one of the earliest cultivated species of roses, cultivated by the Greek and Romans and commonly used in mediaeval gardens. In the 19th century it was the most important species of rose to be cultivated, and most modern European rose cultivars have at least a small contribution from R. gallica in their ancestry.

The following cultivars and hybrids have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

• 'Belle de Crécy'
• 'Cardinal de Richelieu'
• 'Charles de Milles'
• 'Complicata'
• 'Duc de Guiche'
• 'Duchesse de Montebello'
• 'Président de Sèze'
• 'Officinalis'
• 'Versicolor' ('Rosa mundi')
• 'Tuscany superb'

References

• Flora Europaea: Rosa gallica
• Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan.
• Article on the use of RNAi technology to produce a blue rose

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  'Alain Blanchard' (Vibert 1839)

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  'Ornament de la Nature' (Toutain 1826)