Route 443 (Israel)
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| מעלה בית חורון Ma'ale Beit Horon |
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| Ascent of Bethoron | |
| Route information | |
| Length: | 28 km (17 mi) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end: | Lod (Ginaton Junction) |
| East end: | Highway 45/Begin Expressway to Jerusalem |
| Location | |
| Major cities: | Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut, Modi'in Illit, Giv'at Ze'ev |
| Highway system | |
Route 443 (Hebrew: כביש 443, מעלה בית חורון), also Ma'ale Beit Horon (ascent of Beth-Horon), is the main highway connecting Modi'in with Jerusalem and Tel Aviv, and also serves as a secondary connection between the Tel Aviv area and Jerusalem. While technically listed as a regional road, it is for the most part a divided, four-lane highway which utilises some grade separation and interchanges, as well as major at-grade intersections, and thus is not classified as a motorway, even though there is a short motorway section on its western end, connecting it to westbound Highway 1.
The highway departs Highway 1 and Highway 6 at Ben Shemen Interchange, and continues eastwards to Shilat junction, which serves as the entrance for the Modi'in area. It continues east into the West Bank in the Matte Binyamin Regional Council, near Ramallah, where it becomes Jerusalem's Begin Expressway via the newly designated Highway 45. A spur, road 436, links it with Giv'at Ze'ev and the Jerusalem neighborhood of Ramot.
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[edit] Problems in antiquity
The road was the site of many battles in antiquity due to its unique geography, most famously part of the biblical story of Joshua, and the combat between the Macabees and the Seleucid Empire. As opposed to the modern Highway 1, which twists and turns in gullies on its route from the coastal plain to the Judean hills, the central portion of Highway 443 ascends along a ridge line, and thus maintains a relatively stable grade.
see also: Bet-Horon
[edit] Problems for Palestinians
Usage of this road is highly problematic for Palestinians, although they do have a legal right to use it.
Several access roads connecting Palestinian villages with Route 443 in the West Bank portion have been closed since the September 2000 outbreak of the Second Intifada.[1] Frequent fire bomb attacks and fatal shootings on Israeli traffic saw the erection of anti-sniper barricades on parts of the highway adjacent to Palestinian populated areas.[2][3][4][5]
In March 2008, the Israel's Supreme Court upheld for six more months the IDF's right to limit Palestinian traffic to prevent attacks, challenged by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel.[6][7] The Israeli Human Rights Group B'Tselem has also criticized the closure of route 443 for Palestinians as an example of Collective punishment, which is illegal under International law. On December 29, 2009 Israel's High Court of Justice accepted the Association for Civil Rights in Israel's petition against an IDF order barring Palestinians from driving on Highway 443. The ruling came into effect on May 28, 2010, allowing Palestinians to use the road for the first time since 2002, when it was closed following Palestinian attacks on Israeli motorists during the Second Intifada.[8]
[edit] Junctions and interchanges (west to east)
| km | Name | Type | Meaning | Location | Road(s) Crossed |
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| 0 | צומת גינתון (Ginaton Junction) |
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Little Garden | Lod |  (Highway 40) |
| 0.8 | צומת בו שמן (Ben Shemen Junction) |
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Fruitful | Moshav Ben Shemen, Moshav Ginaton |
local roads |
| 1.4 | |
Ben Shemen Youth Village and Agricultural School |
local road | ||
| 3 | מחלף בן שמן (Ben Shemen Interchange) |
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Named after location | Ben Shemen |   (Highway 1, Highway 6, Route 444) |
| 3.3 | צומת מודיעים (Modi'im Junction) |
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Named after location of ancient village Modi'im Informers |
north to Rosh HaAyin |
 Route 444 |
| 3.4 | צומת מודיעים (Modi'im Junction) |
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south to Kfar Daniel, Moshav Gimzo |
local road 4314 | |
| 4.9 | צומת נאות קדומים (Neot Kedumim Junction) |
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Beauties of Ancient Times | Neot Kedumim Nature Reserve |
local road |
| 6 | |
local road | |||
| 7.5 | |
"Tombs of the Maccabees" | local road | ||
| 8.7 | צומת מבוא מודיעים (Mevo Modi'im Junction) |
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Gateway to Modi'in | Mevo Modi'im | local road |
| 10.2 | צומת מכבים (Maccabim Junction) |
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Named for The Maccabees | entrance to Modi'in | Road 4466 |
| 12.8 | צומת שילת (Shilat Junction) |
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Named after location | Shilat Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut Modi'in Illit |
 (Route 446), Hashmonaim blvd. |
| 13 | צומת מכבים-רעות (Maccabim-Re'ut Junction) |
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The Maccabees-Friendship | Maccabim-Re'ut | Yair Parag Road |
| 13.9 | Green Line | ||||
| 14.1 | Maccabim Security Checkpoint | ||||
 ↑NO westbound through-traffic for green (Palestinian Authority) license plates↑ |
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| 14.3 | צומת בית חורון (Beit Horon Junction) |
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Maccabim-Re'ut Beit Sira |
 Highway 3 (blocked) Route 455 |
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| 23.4 | מחלף בית חורון (Beit Horon Interchange) |
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Named after location House of Horon |
Beit Horon al-Tira |
local road |
| 28.3 | צומת גבעת זאב (Giv'at Ze'ev Junction) |
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Wolf Hill | Giv'at Ze'ev, Jerusalem | Highway 45 to  (Begin Expressway) |
[edit] References
- ^ The law as roadkill on Highway 443, Haaretz, September 26, 2006.
- ^ 4 Israelis wounded in drive-by shooting
- ^ Israeli driver killed in ambush near Givat Ze'ev
- ^ Couple shot dead in ambush, children lightly hurt
- ^ Two murdered in terror attacks
- ^ Barring Palestinians from Highway 443 prevents attacks on Israel, court hints, March 4, 2008, Jerusalem Post
- ^ A road becomes a dividing line in the West Bank, by Ethan Bronner, March 26, 2008, International Herald Tribune
- ^ Route 443: West Bank road for Israelis only B'Tselem
External reference links:
- Jewish Universe travel guide
- Tyranny in Tar (political op ed)
- "Israeli High Court Petition on Route 443—Provides Approval for Separation and Discrimination" (20 March 2008 at the Alternative Information Center Palestine/Israel) (political commentary)
- Route 443: West Bank road for Israelis only (B'Tselem Human Rights Report)
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