4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid
| 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid | |
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4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid[citation needed] |
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(4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)arsonic acid[1] |
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Other names
3-Nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl arsonic acid[citation needed] |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 121-19-7  |
| PubChem | 5104 |
| ChemSpider | 4925 |
| EC number | 204-453-7 |
| UN number | 3465 |
| KEGG | D05771 |
| MeSH | Roxarsone |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:35817 |
| RTECS number | CY5250000 |
| Beilstein Reference | 1976533 |
| Gmelin Reference | 1221211 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 Image 2 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C6AsNH6O6 |
| Molar mass | 263.0365 g mol-1 |
| Exact mass | 262.941108346 g mol-1 |
| Melting point |
>300 °C |
| Hazards | |
| GHS pictograms |   |
| GHS signal word | DANGER |
| GHS hazard statements | H301, H331, H410 |
| GHS precautionary statements | P261, P273, P301+310, P311, P501 |
| EU classification |  T  N |
| R-phrases | R23/25, R50/53 |
| S-phrases | S20/21, S28, S45, S60, S61 |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
4-Hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid is an organic compound that is widely used agriculturally as a chicken-feed additive. The molecule is a derivative of phenylarsonic acid (C6H5As(O)(OH)2). This organoarsenic compound, usually under the tradename Roxarsone, has attracted attention as a source of arsenic contamination of the food chain. Approximately 1 million kilograms of this compound was produced in 2006 in the US.[2] This compound was first reported in a 1923 British patent which describes the nitration and diazotization of arsanilic acid.[3] This compound when blended with calcite powder, is widely used to make feed premixes in the poultry industry and is usually available in 5%, 20% and 50% concentrations.
In June 2011, the FDA gave Pfizer 30 days to discontinue selling this product; the FDA's findings indicated elevated (but 'very low') levels of arsenic in the livers of chickens consuming the arsonic acid.[4]
[edit] References
- ^ "Roxarsone - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Descriptors Computed from Structure. http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=5104&loc=ec_rcs.
- ^ Hileman, B. (April 9, 2007). "Arsenic in Chicken Production". Chemical and Engineering News. pp. 34–35. http://pubs.acs.org/cen/government/85/8515gov2.html.
- ^ GB 226255 19230718
- ^ Cevallos, M. (June 9, 2011). "Arsenic-containing drug in chicken feed to be pulled from U.S". LA Times. http://www.latimes.com/health/boostershots/la-heb-arsenic-chicken-pfizer-20110608,0,6568583.story.
[edit] Further reading
- J. R. Garbarino, A. J. Bednar, D. W. Rutherford, R. S. Beyer, and R. L. Wershaw (2003). "Environmental Fate of Roxarsone in Poultry Litter. I. Degradation of Roxarsone during Composting". Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (8): 1509–1514. doi:10.1021/es026219q+S0013-936X(02)06219-3. PMID 12731831.
- Chiou P. W.-S.; Chen K.-L.; Yu B.; (1997). "Effects of roxarsone on performance, toxicity, tissue accumulation and residue of eggs and excreta in laying". Journal of the science of food and agriculture 74 (2): 229–236. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0010(199706)74:2<229::AID-JSFA793>3.0.CO;2-F.
- R. L. Wershaw, J. R. Garbarino, and M. R. Burkhardt. Roxarsone in Natural Water Systems. http://water.usgs.gov/owq/AFO/proceedings/afo/pdf/Wershaw.pdf.
- KB Kerr, JR Narveson, FA Lux (1969). "Toxicity of an organic arsenical, 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid. Residues in chicken tissues". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 17 (6): 1400. doi:10.1021/jf60166a021.
