Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery

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The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery
RCA cap badge.jpg
Cap badge of the Royal Canadian Artillery
Active Prior to 1855
Country Canada
Allegiance Canada
Branch Canadian Forces personnel branch
Type artillery
Motto Ubique. Quo fas et gloria ducunt. (Everywhere. Whither right and glory lead)
"The British Grenadiers"
"The British Grenadiers", performed here by the United States Army Band Strings ensemble, serves as the authorized march of several British Commonwealth military regiments.
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The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery (Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne) is the artillery personnel branch of the Canadian Forces (CF).

Contents

[edit] History

Many of the units and batteries of The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery are older than Canada itself. The first artillery company in Canada was formed in the province of Quebec in 1750.

Volunteer Canadian artillery batteries existed before 1855 but their history is mostly unknown. Seven batteries of artillery were formed after the passage of the Militia Act of 1855 which allowed Canada to retain a paid military force of 5,000 men. One of the pre-1855 volunteer batteries formed in Saint John, New Brunswick in 1793 was called the “Loyal Company of Artillery” and exists today as the 3rd Field Regiment, RCA.

[edit] After Confederation

On 20 October 1871, the first regular Canadian army units were created, in the form of two batteries of garrison artillery; thus, that date is considered the regiment's birthday. A Battery in Kingston, Ontario and B Battery in Quebec City, Quebec were to become gunnery schools and perform garrison duties in their respective towns. They are still active today as part of the 1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery.

The Royal Canadian Artillery has participated in every major conflict in Canada's history.[citation needed]

[edit] Riel Rebellion

[edit] Boer War

[edit] World War I

The Canadian Artillery and the Garrison Artillery were the designations of the Non-Permanent Active Militia as of 1 Jan 1914. The Canadian Artillery and the Garrison Artillery were collectively redesignated the Royal Canadian Artillery on 3 Jun 1935.

By November 1918, the 1st Canadian Division had expanded to the following Artillery units:

           1st Brigade, C.F.A.
               1st Field Battery
               3rd Field Battery
               4th Field Battery
               2nd Howitzer Battery

            2nd Brigade, C.F.A.
                5th Field Battery
                6th Field Battery
                7th Field Battery
                48th Howitzer Battery

            1st Division Ammunition Column

By November 1918, the 2nd Canadian Division had expanded to the following Artillery units:

           5th Brigade, C.F.A.
               17th Field Battery
               18th Field Battery
               20th Field Battery
               23rd Howitzer Battery

            6th Brigade, C.F.A.
                15th Field Battery
                16th Field Battery
                25th Field Battery
                22nd Howitzer Battery

            2nd Division Ammunition Column

By November 1918, the 3rd Canadian Division had expanded to the following Artillery units:

             9th Brigade, C.F.A.
                 31st Field Battery
                 33rd Field Battery
                 45th Field Battery
                 36th Howitzer Battery

             10th Brigade, C.F.A.
                  38th Field Battery
                  39th Field Battery
                  40th Field Battery
                  35th Howitzer Battery

             3rd Division Ammunition Column

By November 1918, the 4th Canadian Division had expanded to the following Artillery units:

              3rd Brigade, C.F.A.
                  10th Field Battery
                  11th Field Battery
                  12th Field Battery
                  9th Howitzer Battery

               4th Brigade, C.F.A.
                   13th Field Battery
                   19th Field Battery
                   27th Field Battery
                   21st Howitzer Battery

                4th Division Ammunition Column

Canadian Corps Troops - Corps Heavy Artillery

                            1st Brigade, C.G.A.
                                1st Siege Battery
                                3rd Siege Battery
                                7th Siege Battery
                                9th Siege Battery

                            2nd Brigade, C.G.A.
                                1st Heavy Battery
                                2nd Heavy Battery
                                2nd Siege Battery
                                4th Siege Battery
                                5th Siege Battery
                                6th Siege Battery

                            3rd Brigade, C.G.A.
                                8th Siege Battery
                                10th Siege Battery
                                11th Siege Battery
                                12th Siege Battery

                          5th Divisional Artillery
                              13th Brigade, C.F.A.
                                   52nd Field Battery
                                   53rd Field Battery
                                   55th Field Battery
                                   51st Howitzer Battery

                              14th Brigade, C.F.A.
                                   60th Field Battery
                                   61st Field Battery
                                   66th Field Battery
                                   58th Howitzer Battery

                          5th Division Ammunition Column

                       Army Service Corps - 5th Divisional Artillery Motor Transport Detachment

Canadian Cavalry Brigade - Artillery - Royal Canadian Horse Artillery Brigade

Army Troops - Attached to the British Expeditionary Force - Artillery

             8th Army Brigade, C.F.A.
                 24th Field Battery
                 30th Field Battery
                 32nd Field Battery
                 43rd Howitzer Battery

                 8th Army Brigade Ammunition Column

                 "E" Anti-Aircraft Battery

[edit] World War II

The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery Deilinghofen 1953 bis 1970

The Canadian Armoured Corps was created on 13 Aug 1940. The Canadian Armoured Corps was redesignated the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps on 2 Aug 1945. The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps was redesignated the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps on 22 Mar 1948. The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps reverted back to the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps on 18 Apr 1955.[1]

The R.C.H.A. and R.C.A. expanded tremendously during the war to contribute the following units to the European theater:

The formation patch worn by R.C.A. personnel attached directly to I Canadian Corps.
The formation patch worn by R.C.A. personnel attached directly to II Canadian Corps.
The formation patch worn by R.C.A. personnel attached directly to the First Canadian Army.

[edit] Coastal defences Pacific coast

The RCA was also responsible for the defence of Canada on both the west and east coasts. In 1936 a review was done by Major Treatt of the Royal Artillery of the existing defences and potential sites for new forts. Efforts to improve the existing fortifications and build new ones were well underway by 1939.

There were approximately 10 armed forts and gun positions established along the Pacific west coast. The ones in the Strait of Juan de Fuca were integrated with the U.S. coastal defences. As the war progressed and the threat of attack diminished, the forts were gradually drawn down and demobilised. The last active coastal defence fort on the west coast, Ft Rodd Hill, was deactivated in 1958.

[edit] A list of forts and gun positions on the west coast

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  • Barrett point, Prince Rupert, three-gun fort
  • Yorke Island coastal defence fort 50°26′57″N 125°58′35″WCoordinates: 50°26′57″N 125°58′35″W
  • Fort Rodd Hill [4]
  • Signal Hill (Needs Restoration)
  • Alberthead
  • Mary Hill
  • Duntze Head
  • McCaulay Point 48°25′05″N 123°24′33″W three-gun fort dating back to 1895
  • Pt Grey [5] 49°16′10″N 123°15′35″W. Three 6-inch guns and director tower, now the Museum of Anthropology, although one gun position and tunnel entrances remain.
  • Stanley Park, Ferguson Point 49°18′03″N 123°09′28″WCoordinates: 49°18′03″N 123°09′28″W
  • First Narrows Gantry 49°19′06″N 123°08′11″W. Two 12pdr QF guns. Demolished in the 1970s nothing remaining
  • Steveston. One 18pdr, later replaced by two 25pdr field guns

[edit] Korean War

[edit] Cold War

The Regular and Reserve components of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery, Royal Canadian Artillery and Royal Canadian Garrison Artillery were collectively redesignated the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery on 29 Oct 1956.

[edit] Afghanistan

[edit] Units of The Royal Canadian Artillery

The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery is composed of both regular and reserve (militia) forces. The regular force component is composed of five units, four of which are front line operation units; of these, three are field artillery regiments while the fourth is a low level air defence unit. The fifth regular unit is the Royal Canadian Artillery School. Additionally, while the three field artillery regiments are on the RCA's order of battle, they are cap badged as Royal Canadian Horse Artillery.

[edit] Regular Force

  • 1st Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
    • "A" Battery
    • "B" Battery
    • "C" Battery
    • "Z" Battery
    • Headquarters and Services Battery
  • 2nd Regiment, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
    • "D" Battery
    • "E" Battery
    • "F" Battery
    • "Y" Battery
    • Headquarters and Services Battery
  • 4th Air Defence Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery
    • 119th Battery
    • 128th Battery
    • (Presently under review with a possible tasking amendment to the 4th General Support Regiment of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery in the near future)
  • 5e Régiment d’artillerie légère du Canada
    • Batterie "X"
    • Batterie "Q"
    • Batterie "R"
    • Batterie "V"
    • Batterie de Commandement et Services
  • The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery School
    • 45 Depot Battery
    • 67 Depot Battery
    • Maintenance Training Battery
    • Headquarters Battery
    • "W" Battery (Formerly of the presently stood-down 4th Regiment Royal Canadian Horse Artillery)

[edit] Reserves

[edit] Regiments

[edit] Independent batteries

Since spring 2005, 10th Field Regiment, 26th Field Regiment and 116th Independent Field Battery have been grouped together as 38 Canadian Brigade Group's (38 CBG) Artillery Tactical Group (ATG).

[edit] Other units

[edit] Order of precedence

RCHA on parade with guns:

Preceded by
Naval Operations Branch		 The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
(See note below)		 Succeeded by
Army elements of
Royal Military College of Canada

RCHA on dismounted parades:

Preceded by
Army elements of
Royal Military College of Canada		 The Royal Canadian Horse Artillery
(See note below)		 Succeeded by
Royal Canadian Armoured Corps

RCA units:

Preceded by
Royal Canadian Armoured Corps		 The Royal Canadian Artillery Succeeded by
Canadian Military Engineers

Note: The honour of "The Right of the Line" (precedence over other units), on an army parade, is held by the units of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery when on parade with their guns. On dismounted parades, RCHA units take precedence over all other land force units except formed bodies of Officer Cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada representing their college. RCA units parade to the left of units of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps. The Royal Canadian Artillery does not carry colours. Its guns are its colours and are saluted on parade.

[edit] Affiliations

[edit] Royal Canadian Artillery Museum

Royal Canadian Artillery Museum
Location CFB Shilo, P.O. Box 5000, Stn Main, Shilo, Manitoba, Canada
Type Artillery Museum

As the principal Artillery Museum in Canada, the Royal Canadian Artillery Museum presents, acquires, preserves, researches and interprets the contributions of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery and the Canadian Military to the heritage of Canada. [2] The museum is affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, OMMC and Virtual Museum of Canada.

[edit] Other

The Royal Canadian Artillery is playable force featured heavily in the video game Company of Heroes: Opposing Fronts.

[edit] See also

Portal icon Canadian Armed Forces portal

[edit] Armoury

Site Date(s) Designated Location Description Image
Colonel D. V. Currie VC Armoury, 1215 Main Street North, 1913-14 1998 Register of the Government of Canada Heritage Buildings Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan

[edit] External links

[edit] References

  1. ^ The Regiments and Corps of the Canadian Army (Queen's Printer, 1964)
  2. ^ A-AD-266-000/AG-001 Canadian Forces Museums –Operations and Administration 2002-04-03
  • Barnes, Leslie Canada's Guns; an Illustrated History of Artillery Canadian War Museum, Ottawa, 1979.
  • Nicholson, G. W. L. The Gunners of Canada; the History of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery McClelland and Stewart, Toronto, 1967-72.
  • Mitchell, George Duncan with B. A. Reid and W. Simcock, RCHA - Right of the Line: An Anecdotal History of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery from 1871 RCHA History Committee, Ottawa, 1986.
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