Rudolf Nebel
Rudolf Nebel (March 21, 1894 - September 18, 1978) was a spaceflight advocate active in Germany's amateur rocket group, the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (VfR - "Spaceflight Society") in the 1930s and in rebuilding German rocketry following World War II.
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[edit] Early life
Nebel was born in Weißenburg. During the First World War he served as a fighter pilot and following the war earned a degree in engineering.[1]
[edit] Activities in rocketry and politics before the Second World War
He was an early member of the VfR and assisted with Hermann Oberth's failed publicity stunt on behalf of the group to launch a rocket at the premiere of Fritz Lang's film Frau im Mond (Woman in the Moon). Despite this failure, Nebel continued to seek sponsorship from the Reichswehr as well as individuals as diverse as Adolf Hitler and Albert Einstein.[2]
Nebel acted very much as the group's spokesperson, organising the donation of materials from various local businesses, and negotiating with the Berlin municipal council for the use of a disused ammunition dump for the VfR's launchsite or Raketenflugplatz. He later talked the Magdeburg council into funding the launch of a rocket with a human passenger on board, a scheme that never materialised.
His right-wing politics and affiliation with the paramilitary veterans' organization Stahlhelm fit easily with his promotion of the possible military uses of rockets.[3] Despite this, he had a difficult relationship with Karl Becker of the Army Weapons Office. Becker distrusted Nebel's showmanship and publicity seeking and by May 1931 had temporarily cut off official contact with him.[4] In April 1932, Becker accepted a proposal from Nebel for army funding of a rocket launch on the condition that certain criteria were met. The launch on June 22 of that year was a failure and Nebel and his crew received no payment for the attempt.[5] When Becker offered to bring the team into a strictly controlled army rocketry project, Nebel refused, saying that he and his colleagues had invented the technology and that the army would "choke us with their red tape".[6] Conversely, Wernher von Braun accepted the offer.
Von Braun later tried again during the war to have him join, but by now the SS regarded Nebel as untrustworthy and had von Braun cease his attempts.
[edit] Post-war career
After World War II, Nebel was quick to encourage Germany to recommence rocket research. He participated in the first meetings of the International Astronautical Federation and held a public lecture in Cuxhaven in 1951 that set in motion a chain of events that led to the old military base being re-opened for rocket launching until the mid 1960s.
He died in Düsseldorf.
Nebel, whose name means "fog" in German, is often incorrectly named as the inventor of the Nebelwerfer ("fog launcher") system of rocket artillery used by the Wehrmacht (German army) in World War II. This secret weapon was given its name as a disinformation strategy designed to lead spies into thinking that it was merely a device for creating a smokescreen. He has also frequently been mistaken as the one who popularized the name Nebel (referring to 'nerd' and 'rebel') which has recently been attributed to Long John Nebel.
[edit] References
- ^ Neufeld, M.J. Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War. New York: Knopf, 2007. p 38.
- ^ Neufeld 2007, p. 39.
- ^ Neufeld 2007, p. 54-55.
- ^ Neufeld 2007, p. 50.
- ^ Neufeld 2007, p. 51-53.
- ^ Neufeld 2007, p. 53-54.
