Ruthenium red
| Ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride | |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 11103-72-3  |
| PubChem | 9548875 |
| ChemSpider | 7827798  |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL369149 |
| Jmol-3D images | Image 1 |
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| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | H42Cl6N14O2Ru3 |
| Molar mass | 786.36 g mol−1 |
 (verify) (what is:  / ?)Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
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| Infobox references | |
The inorganic dye ammoniated ruthenium oxychloride, also known as Ruthenium Red, is used in histology to stain aldehyde fixed mucopolysaccharides.
Ruthenium Red (RR) has also been used as a pharmacological tool to study specific cellular mechanisms. Selectivity is a significant issue in such studies as RR is known to interact with a large number of proteins.[1] These include mammalian ion channels (CatSper1, TASK, RyR1, RyR2, RyR3, TRPM6, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPV5, TRPV6, TRPA1, mCa1, mCa2), a plant ion channel, Ca2+-ATPase, mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter,[2] tubulin, myosin light-chain phosphatase, and Ca2+ binding proteins such as calmodulin. It should be further noted that Ruthenium Red displays nanomolar potency against several of its binding partners (e.g. TRPV4, Ryanodine receptors,...). For example, it is a potent inhibitor of intracellular calcium release by Ryanodine receptors (Kd ~20 nM). [3]
RR has been used on plant material since 1890 for staining pectins, mucilages, and gums. RR is a stereoselective stain for pectic acid, insofar as the staining site occurs between each monomer unit and the next adjacent neighbor.[4]
[edit] References
- ^ Vincent, F. and Duncton, M.A.J. TRPV4 Agonists and Antagonists. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 2011, June 14 Epub ahead of print, PMID 21671873 [1]
- ^ Hajnóczky G, Csordás G, Das S, Garcia-Perez C, Saotome M, Sinha Roy S, Yi M. Mitochondrial calcium signalling and cell death: approaches for assessing the role of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in apoptosis. Cell Calcium 2006;40(5-6):553-60
- ^ TRIPATHY, LE XU ASHUTOSH, PASEK, DANIEL A., MEISSNER, GERHARD Potential for Pharmacology of Ryanodine Receptor/Calcium Release Channels Ann NY Acad Sci 1998 853: 130-148 [2]
- ^ Mariani Colombo P, Rascio N. Ruthenium red staining for electron microscopy of plant material Journal of Ultrastructure Research Volume 60, Issue 2, August 1977, Pages 135-139
