STS-49

STS-49

Three astronauts capture the Intelsat VI F-3 satellite during STS-49
Mission type	Satellite repair
Operator	NASA
COSPAR ID	1992-026A
SATCAT №	21963
Mission duration	8 days, 21 hours, 17 minutes, 38 seconds
Distance travelled	5,948,166 kilometres (3,696,019 mi)
Orbits completed	141
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft	Space Shuttle Endeavour
Landing mass	91,214 kilograms (201,090 lb)
Payload mass	14,618 kilograms (32,230 lb)[citation needed]
Crew
Crew size	7
Members	Daniel C. Brandenstein Kevin P. Chilton Richard J. Hieb Bruce E. Melnick Pierre J. Thuot Kathryn C. Thornton Thomas D. Akers
Start of mission
Launch date	7 May 1992, 23:40:00 (1992-05-07UTC23:40Z) UTC
Launch site	Kennedy LC-39B
End of mission
Landing date	16 May 1992, 22:57:38 (1992-05-16UTC22:57:39Z) UTC
Landing site	Edwards Runway 22
Orbital parameters
Reference system	Geocentric
Regime	Low Earth
Perigee	268 kilometres (167 mi)
Apogee	341 kilometres (212 mi)
Inclination	28.35 degrees
Period	90.6 min
Left to right: Hieb, Chilton, Brandenstein, Akers, Thuot, Thornton, Melnick Space Shuttle program ← STS-45 STS-50 →

STS-49 was the maiden flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. The primary goal of its nine-day mission was to retrieve an Intelsat VI satellite (Intelsat 603, which failed to leave low earth orbit two years before), attach it to a new upper stage, and relaunch it to its intended geosynchronous orbit. After several attempts, the capture was completed with a three-person extra-vehicular activity, the first time that three people from the same spacecraft walked in space at the same time. It would also stand until STS-102 in 2001 as the longest EVA ever undertaken.

Crew

Position	Astronaut
Commander	Daniel C. Brandenstein Fourth spaceflight
Pilot	Kevin P. Chilton First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1	Richard J. Hieb Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2	Bruce E. Melnick Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3	Pierre J. Thuot Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 4	Kathryn C. Thornton Second spaceflight
Mission Specialist 5	Thomas D. Akers Second spaceflight

Spacewalks

• Thuot and Hieb – EVA 1
• EVA 1 Start: 10 May 1992 – 20:40 UTC
• EVA 1 End: 11 – 0 May:23
• Duration: 3 hours, 43 minutes

• Thuot and Hieb – EVA 2
• EVA 2 Start: 11 May 1992 – 21:05 UTC
• EVA 2 End: 12 – 2 May:35 UTC
• Duration: 5 hours, 30 minutes

• Thuot, Hieb and Akers – EVA 3
• EVA 3 Start: 13 May 1992 – 21:17 UTC
• EVA 3 End: 14 – 5 May:46 UTC
• Duration: 8 hours, 29 minutes

• Thornton and Akers – EVA 4
• EVA 4 Start: 14 May 1992 – ~21:00 UTC
• EVA 4 End: 15 May, ~05:00 UTC
• Duration: 7 hours, 44 minutes

Mission highlights

Intelsat VI (F-3) satellite, stranded in an unusable orbit since launch aboard a Titan vehicle in March 1990, was captured by crewmembers during an EVA (extra-vehicular activity) and equipped with a new perigee kick motor. The Satellite was subsequently released into orbit and the new motor fired to put the spacecraft into a geosynchronous orbit for operational use.

The capture required three EVAs: a planned one by astronaut Thuot and Hieb who were unable to attach a capture bar to the satellite from a position on the RMS; a second unscheduled but identical attempt the following day; and finally an unscheduled but successful hand capture by Thuot, Hieb and Akers as commander Brandenstein delicately maneuvered the orbiter to within a few feet of the 4215 kg communications satellite. An Assembly of Station by EVA Methods (ASEM) structure was erected in the cargo bay by the crew to serve as a platform to aid in the hand capture and subsequent attachment of the capture bar.

A planned EVA also was performed by astronauts Thornton and Akers as part of the ASEM experiment to demonstrate and verify maintenance and assembly capabilities for Space Station Freedom. The ASEM space walk, originally scheduled for two successive days, was cut to one day because of the lengthy Intelsat retrieval operation.

Other "payloads of opportunity" experiments conducted included: Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG), Ultraviolet Plume Imager (UVPI) and the Air Force Maui Optical Station (AMOS) investigation. Mission was extended two days to complete objectives.

The following records were set during the STS-49 mission:

• First flight of the shuttle Endeavour
• First EVA involving three astronauts.
• Second and fourth longest EVA to date: 8 hours and 29 minutes and 7 hours and 45 minutes. (First longest EVA to date was done during STS-102 in 2001: 8 hours 56 minutes; third longest EVA was done during STS-61 in 1993: 7 hour 54 minutes)
• First Shuttle mission to feature four EVAs.
• Second EVA time for a single Shuttle mission: 25 hours and 27 minutes, or 59:23 person hours. (First one is STS-61 with 35 hours and 28 minutes)
• First Shuttle mission requiring three rendezvous with an orbiting spacecraft.
• First use of a drag chute during a Shuttle landing.

Gallery

• 

  Thuot during one of the capture attempts

• 

  Re-deployment of INTELSAT VI

• 

  ASEM is manipulated by the RMS; Thornton and Akers during EVA 4

See also

• Space science
• Space shuttle
• List of space shuttle missions
• List of human spaceflights chronologically
• Nikon NASA F4

References

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

External links

• NASA mission summary
• STS-49 Video Highlights
• STS-49: The Rescue Of Intelsat-VI 603