Salty liquorice
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Salty liquorice, salmiak or salmiakki is a variety of liquorice (confectionery) that contains a relatively large amount of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, "salmiac") in addition to the liquorice root extract, sugar, and starch or gum arabic that constitute normal liquorice. Ammonium chloride has a spicy taste that vaguely resembles that of sodium chloride (table salt). However, salty liquorice does not necessarily contain any sodium. Although some types of regular liquorice can also contain a small amount of ammonium chloride, salty liquorice can contain up to about 8 percent of ammonium chloride. Moreover, the salty taste is typically less masked by a high sugar content compared to regular liquorice.[1]
Salty liquorice candies are almost always black or very dark brown and can range from very soft to very hard and may be brittle. The other colours used are white and variants of grey. Carbon black is used as a food colouring agent in these candies.
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[edit] National varieties
Salty liquorice is popular in the Nordic countries, as well as Northern Germany, the Netherlands and the Baltic states. In the Netherlands and the Nordic countries, it is called salty liquorice: salmiakk/saltlakris (Norwegian), Salmiak/Salzlakritz (German), salmiakdrop (Dutch), saltlakrids (Danish), sāļā lakrica (Latvian), salmiak/saltlakrits (Swedish), soolane lagrits (Estonian) and saltlakkrís (Icelandic).
The Latin term for ammonium chloride is sal ammoniac. In Finnish, the candies are usually called salmiakki, although this can also refer to other products containing ammonium chloride. The terms salmiakkimakeinen (salmiac candy) or salmiakkilakritsi (salmiac liquorice) are also sometimes used. For pure ammonium chloride, the term raakasalmiakki (raaka = raw) can be used, if necessary.
In Finland Salmiakki was once a trade name of Fazer, but quickly became a genericized trademark not unlike nylon. The canonical shape for Finnish salmiakki candies is a black diamond-shaped lozenge. This diamond shape is so typical that in Finnish, the word "salmiakki" can sometimes refer to this shape instead of the candy. For example, Finnish Defence Forces reserve officer students rank insignia are known as "salmiakki"s for their distinctive shape. However, especially in other countries, different shapes are used. In Swedish, Danish, and Norwegian, the candies are sometimes called salmiaklakrits, salmiaklakrids, and salmiakklakris, respectively, where salmiak(k) refers to the ammonium chloride ingredient. In Dutch, the term salmiakdrop usually refers to salty liquorice with a high concentration of ammonium chloride, whereas zoute drop (salted licorice) contains regular salt. Also readily available in the Netherlands is a powder-based candy called Salmiak which comes in sweet and salty flavours.
Similar flavoured candies can occassionally be purchased in America as double-salt licorice, or dutch double salts.
Finnish salmiakki of the Halva brand are composed of sugar, glucose syrup, modified potato starch, water, gelatine, ammonium chloride, flavour (liquorice extract), colour (E153), glazing agents (E907, E901). They are shaped as diamonds with side length of 17 mm, lengths of diagonals 18 and 28 mm, and thickness of 7-8 mm.
[edit] Other uses
In addition to being used in candy, salmiak is also used to flavour vodka, distilled rye brandy, ice cream, cola drinks, and recently, meat ("Salmiakkipossu" is a brand of salmiak-flavoured pork, probably named as a pun on "Salmiakkikossu", meaning salmiak-flavoured Koskenkorva).
[edit] See also
- Apteekin salmiakki, the "pharmacy salmiak"
- Salmiakki Koskenkorva, a salmiak-flavoured vodka beverage
- Salmiakkikola, a salmiak-flavoured cola drink
- Tyrkisk Peber (Turkish pepper), a popular brand of salmiak candy
- Pantteri, a gummy salmiak candy
- Nogger Black, a salmiak-flavoured ice cream bar
- Lakrisal, a very salty salmiak candy
[edit] References
[edit] Books
- Annala, Jukka (2001). Salmiakki. ISBN 952-5180-27-1.
