Same-sex marriage legislation in the United States

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Legal recognition of
same-sex relationships
Marriage

Argentina
Belgium
Canada
Iceland
Netherlands

Norway
Portugal
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Performed in some jurisdictions

Brazil: AL
Mexico: Mexico City
United States: CT, DC, IA, MA, NH, NY, VT, Coquille, Suquamish
Recognized, not performed

Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten (Netherlands only)
Israel
Mexico: all states (Mexico City only)
United States: CA (conditional), MD
LGBT portal

In response to court action in a number of states, the United States federal government and a number of state legislatures passed or attempted to pass legislation either prohibiting or allowing same-sex marriage or other types of same-sex unions.

Contents

[edit] Federal level

In 1996, the United States Congress passed and President Bill Clinton signed Public Law 106-199, the Defense of Marriage Act. The Act defines "marriage" and "spouse" for purposes of federal law.

The impact of the second part of the Act is less clear. Traditionally, states have been allowed to regulate the marital status of their own citizens. A narrow interpretation of the Act only codifies this policy. The Act was arguably passed out of concern that same-sex couples from all over the U.S. would fly to Hawaii, get married, and demand recognition in their home states (although Hawaii ultimately never allowed same-sex marriage).

A broad reading of the Act would allow states to refuse to recognize same-sex marriages of non-citizens, as well. For example, a same-sex couple from Massachusetts might get married in Massachusetts, and later move to another state, where the state would have no obligation to recognize the marriage. The Act may also mean that the state could refuse to recognize the marriage even if the couple were only passing through transiently (relevant, for example, in emergency medical decision-making), and not moving permanently. Either of these broader readings would be an exception to the Full Faith and Credit Clause.

On March 16, 2011, companion bills were introduced by House and Senate Democrats to repeal the Defense of Marriage Act. The bills are named the Respect for Marriage Act[1]

[edit] State level

See also: Same-sex marriage law in the United States by state

[edit] Efforts to enable same-sex unions

Votes by state legislatures to recognize various types of same-sex unions, sorted by date:

State Date Type of same-sex union Upper House Lower house Governor Final
outcome
Yes No Yes No
Flag of Washington, D.C..svg District of Columbia June 1992 [14] Domestic partnership (limited) Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 1994 Domestic partnership (limited)[2][3] 21 17 41 26 Vetoed No No
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii March 1996 Domestic partnership (limited)[4] 14 11 Failed - No No
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii June 1997 Reciprocal beneficiary relationship 24 7 43 27 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 1998 Domestic partnership (limited)[5] 21 17 41 36 Vetoed No No
Flag of California.svg California October 1999 Domestic partnership (limited)[6] 23 13 41 38 Vetoed No No
Flag of California.svg California October 1999 Domestic partnership (limited)[7] 22 14 41 36 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Vermont.svg Vermont April 2000 Civil union 19 11 79 68 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California August 2001 Domestic partnership (expansion)[8] 22 12 41 27 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California October 2001 Domestic partnership (expansion)[9] 23 11 41 32 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2002 Domestic partnership (expansion)[10] 26 11 41 31 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2002 Domestic partnership (expansion)[11] 23 13 43 27 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2003 Domestic partnership (expansion)[12] 23 14 41 33 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey January 2004 Domestic partnership (limited) 23 9 41 28 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Maine.svg Maine April 2004 Domestic partnership (limited) 19 14 84 58 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2004 Domestic partnership (expansion)[13] 23 12 46 29 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Utah.svg Utah February 2005 Reciprocal beneficiary relationship 10 18 - - - No No
Flag of Connecticut.svg Connecticut April 2005 Civil union 27 9 85 63 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Maryland.svg Maryland May 2005 Domestic partnership (limited) 31 16 83 50 Vetoed No No
Flag of California.svg California June 2005 Same-sex marriage - - 37 36 - No No
Flag of Oregon.svg Oregon July 2005 Civil union 19 10 - - - No No
Flag of California.svg California September 2005 Same-sex marriage 21 15 41 35 Vetoed No No
Flag of California.svg California September 2005 Domestic partnership (expansion)[14] 23 15 47 28 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2005 Domestic partnership (expansion)[15] 21 14 47 32 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Washington, D.C..svg District of Columbia April 2006 Domestic partnership (expansion) Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2006 Domestic partnership (expansion)[16] 24 15 46 29 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2006 Domestic partnership (expansion)[17] 23 15 47 31 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado November 2006 Domestic partnership Voter Referendum (47% to 53%) No No
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey December 2006 Civil union[18] 23 12 56 19 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Washington.svg Washington April 2007 Domestic partnership (limited)[19] 28 19 63 35 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Oregon.svg Oregon May 2007 Domestic partnership[20] 21 9 34 26 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire May 2007 Civil union 14 10 243 129 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New York.svg New York June 2007 Same-sex marriage[21] - - 85 61 - No No
Flag of California.svg California September 2007 Same-sex marriage 22 15 42 34 Vetoed No No
Flag of California.svg California October 2007 Domestic partnership (expansion)[22] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New Mexico.svg New Mexico January 2008 Domestic partnership[23] - - 33 31 - No No
Flag of Washington.svg Washington March 2008 Domestic partnership (expansion)[24] 29 20 62 32 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Maryland.svg Maryland May 2008 Domestic partnership (limited)[25] 30 17 88 46 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Washington, D.C..svg District of Columbia May 2008 Domestic partnership (expansion)[26] Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New Mexico.svg New Mexico February 2009 Domestic partnership[27] 17 25 - - - No No
Flag of Vermont.svg Vermont April 2009 Same-sex marriage[28] 23 5 100 49 Vetoed 1 Yes Yes
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado April 2009 Designated beneficiary agreement 23 10 41 24 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Connecticut.svg Connecticut April 2009 Same-sex marriage (codification)[29] 28 7 100 44 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Maine.svg Maine May 2009 Same-sex marriage[30] 21 14 89 58 Signed No No 2
Flag of Washington, D.C..svg District of Columbia May 2009 Same-sex marriage (recognition only)[31] Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Washington.svg Washington May 2009 Domestic partnership (expansion)[32] 30 18 62 35 Signed Yes Yes 3
Flag of Nevada.svg Nevada May 2009 Domestic partnership[33] 14 7 28 14 Vetoed 1 Yes Yes
Flag of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire June 2009 Same-sex marriage[34] 14 10 198 176 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Oregon.svg Oregon June 2009 Domestic partnership (expansion)[35] 27 0 41 8 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Wisconsin.svg Wisconsin June 2009 Domestic partnership (limited)[36] 17 16 50 48 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California October 2009 Out-of-state pre-proposition 8 marriage recognition[37] 24 14 44 27 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New York.svg New York December 2009 Same-sex marriage[38] 24 38 89 52 - No No
Flag of Washington, D.C..svg District of Columbia December 2009 Same-sex marriage[39] n/a 11 2 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Rhode Island.svg Rhode Island January 2010 Domestic partnership (only 1 entitlement)[40] 31 3 67 3 Vetoed 1 Yes Yes
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey January 2010 Same-sex marriage[41] 14 20 - - - No No
Flag of Minnesota.svg Minnesota May 2010 Domestic partnership (only 1 entitlement)[42] 41 24 78 55 Vetoed No No
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii July 2010 Civil union[43] 18 7 31 20 Vetoed No No
Flag of New York.svg New York July 2010 Domestic partnership (only 1 entitlement)[44] 50 11 127 26 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2010 Domestic partnership (expansion)[45] 23 12 53 24 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Illinois.svg Illinois January 2011 Civil union[46][47][48] 32 24 61 52 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii February 2011 Civil union[49] 18 5 31 19 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Maryland.svg Maryland March 2011 Same-sex marriage[50][51] 25 21 - - - No No
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado March 2011 Civil union[52][53] 23 12 - - - No No
Flag of Washington.svg Washington April 2011 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex union as domestic partnership[54] 28 19 58 39 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Delaware.svg Delaware May 2011 Civil union[55] 13 6 26 15 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New York.svg New York June 2011 Same-sex marriage[56] 33 29 80 63 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Rhode Island.svg Rhode Island July 2011 Civil union[57] 21 16 62 11 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California September 2011 Domestic partnership (expansion)[58] 22 13 52 25 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California October 2011 Domestic partnership (expansion)[59] 25 15 Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California October 2011 Domestic partnership (expansion)[60] 24 13 Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Washington.svg Washington February 2012 Same-sex marriage[61] 28 21 55 43 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey February 2012 Same-sex marriage[62] 24 16 42 33 Vetoed No No
Flag of Maryland.svg Maryland February 2012 Same-sex marriage[63] 25 22 72 67 Pending
Flag of Illinois.svg Illinois February 2012 Same-sex marriage[64] ... ... Pending ...
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado February 2012 Civil union[65] Pending ... ... ...
Flag of Rhode Island.svg Rhode Island 2012 Same-sex marriage[66] Proposed Proposed ...

Notes:

[edit] Efforts to prohibit same-sex unions

Votes by state legislatures to prohibit recognition of various types of same-sex unions, sorted by date:

State Date Type of same-sex union Upper House Lower house Governor Final
outcome
Yes No Yes No
Flag of Maryland.svg Maryland May 1973 Same-sex marriage[67] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Florida.svg Florida June 1977 Same-sex marriage[68][69][70] 37 0 101 11 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California August 1977 Same-sex marriage[71] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Wyoming.svg Wyoming October 1977 Same-sex marriage[72] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii June 1994 Same-sex marriage[73] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Utah.svg Utah March 1995 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[74] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Idaho.svg Idaho March 1996 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[75] 28 4 59 6 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado March 1996 Same-sex marriage[76] Passed Passed Vetoed No No
Flag of Kansas.svg Kansas April 1996 Same-sex marriage[77] 39 1 Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska May 1996 Same-sex marriage[78] Passed Passed Not Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Illinois.svg Illinois May 1996 Same-sex marriage[79][80] 42 9 87 13 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of South Carolina.svg South Carolina May 1996 Same-sex marriage[81][82] Passed 82 0 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Michigan.svg Michigan June 1996 Same-sex marriage[83][84] 31 2 88 14 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Michigan.svg Michigan June 1996 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[83][84] Passed 74 28 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Delaware.svg Delaware June 1996 Same-sex marriage[85] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of North Carolina.svg North Carolina June 1996 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[86][87] 41 4 98 10 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Missouri.svg Missouri July 1996 Same-sex marriage[88] 29 2 131 10 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California August 1996 Same-sex marriage[89] 20 21 Passed - No No
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg Pennsylvania October 1996 Same-sex marriage[90][91] 43 5 189 13 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Mississippi.svg Mississippi February 1997 Same-sex marriage[92] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Washington.svg Washington February 1997 Same-sex marriage[93] 33 15 63 35 Vetoed No No
Flag of Maine.svg Maine March 1997 Same-sex marriage[94] 24 10 106 39 Not Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Florida.svg Florida May 1997 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[95] 33 5 97 19 Not Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado June 1997 Same-sex marriage[96] Passed Passed Vetoed No No
Flag of Washington.svg Washington February 1998 Same-sex marriage[97][98] 34 11 65 28 Vetoed 1 Yes Yes
Flag of Alabama.svg Alabama May 1998 Same-sex marriage[99] 30 0 79 12 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of West Virginia.svg West Virginia March 2000 Same-sex marriage[100] Passed 96 3 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado May 2000 Same-sex marriage[101] Passed 37 28 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Missouri.svg Missouri July 2001 Same-sex marriage[102] Passed Passed Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Wisconsin.svg Wisconsin November 2003 Same-sex marriage[103][104] 22 10 68 29 Vetoed No No
Flag of Ohio.svg Ohio February 2004 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[105][106] 72 22 18 15 Signed Yes Yes
Flag of Wyoming.svg Wyoming February 2007 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[107] 21 8 - - - No No
Flag of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire February 2010 Same-sex marriage[108][109] - - 109 210 - No No
Flag of Wyoming.svg Wyoming March 2011 Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage[110] 14 16 31 28 - No No
Flag of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire February 2012 Same-sex marriage[111] ... ... Pending - ...

Notes:

  • 1Veto overridden.

[edit] Attempts to establish same-sex unions via initiative or statewide referendum

State Intended date Same-sex union Description Outcome
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado November 2006 Domestic partnership In 2006, an amendment that would have established domestic partnerships in Colorado was placed on the ballot after a vote from both houses. It was narrowly defeated by a vote of 53%-47%. No No
Flag of Washington.svg Washington November 2009 Domestic partnership
(expansion)		 In November 2009, Washington voted to uphold an "Everything but Marriage" expansion to the domestic partnership law. It passed narrowly with 53% in favor and 47% opposed. Yes Yes
Flag of Maine.svg Maine November 2012 Marriage Advocates for marriage equality in Maine have worked to change public opinion on same-sex marriage.[112] As of January 2012, the group had collected just over 105,000 signatures to qualify for the ballot in November 2012.[113] Pending[114]

[edit] Efforts to ban same-sex unions by constitutional amendment

See also: List of U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions by type and U.S. state constitutional amendments banning same-sex unions

The following table shows all popular vote results regarding state constitutional amendments concerning same-sex marriage, and in some cases civil unions and domestic partnerships. The Hawaii amendment is different in that it granted the legislature authority to "reserve marriage to opposite-sex couples" (which the legislature had already done).

State Initiative Ban on Date Yes Yes vote No No vote Final
outcome
1998:
Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska Ballot Measure 2 Marriage November 1998 68% (152,965) 32% (71,631) Yes Yes
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii Constitutional Amendment 2 Marriage ban
permitted		 November 1998 69% (285,384) 31% (117,827) Yes Yes 1
2000:
Flag of Nebraska.svg Nebraska Initiative Measure 416 Marriage,
civil union and
domestic partnership		 November 2000 70% (450,073) 30% (189,555) Yes Yes 2
2002:
Flag of Nevada.svg Nevada Question 2 Marriage November 2002 67% (337,183) 33% (164,555) Yes Yes
2004:
Flag of Arkansas.svg Arkansas Constitutional Amendment 3 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 75% (753,770) 25% (251,914) Yes Yes
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg Georgia Constitutional Amendment 1 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 76% (2,454,912) 24% (768,703) Yes Yes 3
Flag of Kentucky.svg Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 1 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 75% (1,222,125) 25% (417,097) Yes Yes
Flag of Louisiana.svg Louisiana Constitutional Amendment 1 Marriage and
civil union		 September 2004 78% (618,928) 22% (177,103) Yes Yes 4
Flag of Michigan.svg Michigan State Proposal - 04-2 Marriage,
civil union and
domestic partnership		 November 2004 59% (2,698,077) 41% (1,904,319) Yes Yes
Flag of Mississippi.svg Mississippi Amendment 1 Marriage November 2004 86% (957,104) 14% (155,648) Yes Yes
Flag of Missouri.svg Missouri Constitutional Amendment 2 Marriage August 2004 71% (1,055,771) 29% (439,529) Yes Yes
Flag of Montana.svg Montana Initiative 96 Marriage November 2004 67% (295,070) 33% (148,263) Yes Yes
Flag of North Dakota.svg North Dakota Constitutional Measure 1 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 73% (223,572) 27% (81,716) Yes Yes
Flag of Ohio.svg Ohio State Issue 1 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 62% (3,329,335) 38% (2,065,462) Yes Yes
Flag of Oklahoma.svg Oklahoma State Question 711 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 76% (1,075,216) 24% (347,303) Yes Yes
Flag of Oregon.svg Oregon Measure 36 Marriage November 2004 57% (1,028,546) 43% (787,556) Yes Yes
Flag of Utah.svg Utah Constitutional Amendment 3 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2004 66% (593,297) 34% (307,488) Yes Yes
2005:
Flag of Kansas.svg Kansas Proposed amendment 1 Marriage and
civil union		 April 2005 70% (414,106) 30% (178,018) Yes Yes
Flag of Texas.svg Texas Proposition 2 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2005 76% (1,718,513) 24% (536,052) Yes Yes
2006:
Flag of Alabama.svg Alabama Sanctity of Marriage Amendment Marriage and
civil union		 June 2006 81% (734,746) 19% (170,399) Yes Yes
Flag of Arizona.svg Arizona Proposition 107 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2006 48% (721,489) 52% (775,498) No No
Flag of Colorado.svg Colorado Amendment 43 Marriage November 2006 56% (768,700) 44% (612,155) Yes Yes
Flag of Idaho.svg Idaho Amendment 2 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2006 63% (281,823) 37% (163,191) Yes Yes
Flag of South Carolina.svg South Carolina Amendment 1 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2006 78% (818,894) 22% (230,674) Yes Yes
Flag of South Dakota.svg South Dakota Amendment C Marriage,
civil union and
domestic partnership		 November 2006 52% (172,237) 48% (160,756) Yes Yes
Flag of Tennessee.svg Tennessee Amendment 1 Marriage November 2006 81% (1,417,315) 19% (326,335) Yes Yes
Flag of Virginia.svg Virginia Marshall-Newman Amendment Marriage,
civil union and
domestic partnership		 November 2006 57% (1,325,668) 43% (1,003,967) Yes Yes
Flag of Wisconsin.svg Wisconsin Referendum 1 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2006 59% (1,260,554) 41% (861,554) Yes Yes
2008:
Flag of Arizona.svg Arizona Proposition 102 Marriage November 2008 56% (1,258,355) 44% (980,753) Yes Yes
Flag of California.svg California Proposition 8 Marriage November 2008 52% (7,001,084) 48% (6,401,482) Yes Yes5
Flag of Florida.svg Florida Amendment 2 Marriage and
civil union		 November 2008 62% (4,890,883) 38% (3,008,026) Yes Yes
2012:
Flag of North Carolina.svg North Carolina Amendment 1 Marriage,
civil union and
domestic partnership		 May 2012 TBD TBD ...
Flag of Minnesota.svg Minnesota SF 1308 Marriage November 2012 TBD TBD ...

Notes:

  • 1 Does not explicitly define marriage, but allows the legislature to define marriage.
  • 3 On October 6, 2004 a Louisiana district judge tossed out the approved amendment saying it addressed two subjects: marriage and civil unions. Shortly after, the Louisiana Supreme Court unanimously overturned that ruling and found the amendment valid.[118]
  • 4 Ban declared unconstitutional on May 16, 2006 by Fulton County Superior Court Judge Constance C. Russell, who said it violated the single-subject rule in Georgia's constitution. Governor Sonny Perdue said he was disappointed by the decision, which he said ran contrary to the voice of Georgia voters. The following day, the ruling was appealed to the Supreme Court of Georgia. On July 6, 2006 the Georgia Supreme Court ruled that the ban did not violate the single-subject rule.[119][120][dead link]

[edit] Recent, pending, or proposed attempts to constitutionally block same-sex unions

State 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Details
Flag of Delaware.svg Delaware 2009 The proposed constitutional amendment to ban gay marriage failed. It was known as Senate Bill 27.[122] Failed Failed
Flag of Indiana.svg Indiana 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 The Indiana State Senate voted 38-10 by Republican party lines for Senate Joint Resolution 13 to approve a constitutional amendment on the ballot in 2010 that defines marriage as "1 man and 1 woman" The amendment died in state House. Since 2004 Amendements have been proposed or voted on.[123] The amendment died in state House.[124] Another amendment to ban same-sex marriage and civil unions is expected to be introduced in 2011, since Republicans now have control of both chambers of the state legislature. On 2/15/2011, the Indiana State House approved a ban on Civil Unions and Marriage (70-26). The bill passed the Republican-led Senate by a 40-10 vote. According to state law, the bill must be approved by the next, separately-elected legislatures before voters are allowed to decide its fate. If approved by the next legislature, voters won't see the measure on the ballot until 2014.[125] ...
Flag of Iowa.svg Iowa 2004 2005 2010 2011 After the Iowa Supreme Court made same-sex marriage legal in 2009, a backlash quickly developed that resulted in three of the justices losing their seats in the 2010 election. Additionally, Republicans took control of the state house and fell one seat short of taking over the state senate. Expect the process to initiate a new gay marriage ban to begin sometime next year. Its success lies largely with the Democrat-controlled state senate. For the issue to come before Iowa voters, a proposed constitutional amendment has to be approved in exactly the same form by two consecutive general assemblies.[126] Failed Failed
Flag of Minnesota.svg Minnesota 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009 2011 A bill was sponsored in 2009, but failed to be brought up for a vote. An amendment was introduced again in 2011. The House and Senate bills both flew out of the committee and passed.[127][128] Both are referred to other area. The bill would have been approved by majority by both the Senate and House by May 23, 2011. On 11 May 2011, the Senate passed the bill by a 38-27 vote.[129] On May 22, 2011, an amendment was passed by the House by a vote of 70-62 and will be on the ballot in November 2012. Yes Yes vote
Flag of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire 2009 2010 2012 On 17 February 2010, a proposed constitutional amendment failed by a 201-135 margin.[130][131] Republicans took control of the legislature in 2010 and some of them will likely bring the issue up again in 2012.[132] Constitutional amendments in New Hampshire require 2/3 approval from voters, a tall order on any issue. Failed Failed
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey 2006 2007 2008 2010 Bills to place an amendment on the ballot have all failed in the most recent years. They were all referred to the House or Senate Judiciary Committee where they all failed. Failed Failed
Flag of New Mexico.svg New Mexico 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 The New Mexico legislature recently introduced four bills that would restrict in-state gay marriage in 2011.[133] All bills were killed by the house committee on February 18, 2011.[134] On January 27th, 2012 legislation was introduced to restrict gay marriage in New Mexico [135] ...
Flag of North Carolina.svg North Carolina 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Several bills have been introduced in both chambers over the last 7-9 years. North Carolina is the only state in the Southeast that hasn’t approved an amendment restricting marriage to one man and one woman. A bill was expected to be introduced again in 2011, which it was since Republicans have took control of both chambers of the legislature for the first time in over a century.[136] On September 12, 2011. The North Carolina House passed an amendment called The Defense of Marriage. It passed quickly by a vote of 75-42. It passed the senate on September 13, 2011 by a vote of 30-16. It took less than 24 hours to pass both chambers. It will be on the ballot on May 8, 2012.[137] Yes Yes vote
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg Pennsylvania 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 A joint resolution for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was introduced in the House on May 3, 2011. The bill bans same-sex marriage and civil union. Pennsylvania would become the first northeastern state with a marriage amendment were it to pass. According to state law, the bill must be approved by the next, separately-elected legislatures before voters are allowed to decide its fate. If approved by the next legislature, voters won't see the measure on the ballot until 2014.[138][139] ...
Flag of West Virginia.svg West Virginia 2009 2010 2011 West Virginia Senate lawmakers have proposed a constitutional amendment on the ballot in 2010 that defines marriage as "a union between and man and a woman". The amendment was defeated.[140][141] Another proposition was introduced in January 2011.[142] Bills were introduced in the Senate and the House, they both have failed to advance because the Democrats have control of both houses. Failed Failed
Flag of Wyoming.svg Wyoming 2007 2009 2011 On February 22, 2007, a bill to prohibit Wyoming from recognizing same-sex marriages from other states was defeated by one vote in a committee of the Wyoming House of Representatives. In 2009, the House of Representatives considered an amendment to the state constitution, House Joint Resolution 17 (aka the "Defense of Marriage" resolution), defining marriage as a union between a man and a woman. After an intense, emotional debate on the matter, the measure was defeated in a vote by the full House on February 6, with 35 votes against and 25 in favor. On January 27, 2011, the Senate approved the amendment.[143] However, it died in the House.[144] The Wyoming house does not have the time or the votes in order to pass the bill. Failed Failed

[edit] Efforts to ban same-sex unions by statutory initiative

The following consists of votes by statutory initiatives that ban same-sex marriage and/or civil unions and domestic partnerships:

State Date Yes Yes vote No No vote Description Final outcome
Flag of California.svg California March 2000 61% (4,618,673) 39% (2,909,370) Proposition 22. Amend the Family Code to say: Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California.[145]1 NoYes but ruled unconstitutional.2

Notes:

  • 1 There is a debate as to whether the adoption of Prop 22 only prohibited California from recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other states.
  • 2 In March 2005, Judge Richard Kramer ruled there appeared to be no rational state compelling interest in limiting marriage to heterosexual couples. His ruling was appealed to the California Court of Appeal for the 1st District, which upheld Proposition 22 on October 5, 2006. The Supreme Court of California ruled on May 15, 2008, that Proposition 22 is unconstitutional and it was struck down by the state's highest court.

[edit] Efforts to define marriage or other partnerships by state Supreme Court decisions

 This article may be confusing or unclear to readers. Please help clarify the article; suggestions may be found on the talk page. (October 2009)

The following consists of votes by state Supreme Court initiatives that allowed same-sex marriages or partnerships or uphold bans on same-sex marriages:

State Date Vote for Vote against Description Restrictions unconstitutional? Final outcome
Flag of Minnesota.svg Minnesota October 1971 0 7 Court ruled that Minnesota's marriage statute applied only to opposite-sex couples. No No No No
Flag of Kentucky.svg Kentucky November 1973 0 7 Court ruled that Kentucky's marriage statute applied only to opposite-sex couples. No No No No
Flag of Washington.svg Washington October 1974 Failed Washington Supreme Court refused to hear appeal of same-sex couple who were denied a marriage license by their county clerk. Washington Appellate Court's decision stating that state marriage statutes only applied to opposite-sex couples upheld. No No No No
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii May 1993 3 1 Court ruled that state must provide a compelling interest to restricting marriage to opposite-sex couples. Remanded case to lower courts for trial on the subject. Yes Yes No No
Flag of Washington, D.C..svg District of Columbia January 1995 0 9 Court ruled that District's marriage statute applied only to opposite-sex couples.[146][147] No No No No
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii December 1999 0 5 Court ruled that plaintiffs' arguments were moot in light of 1998 state constitutional amendment. No No No No
Flag of Vermont.svg Vermont December 1999 5 0 Same-sex marriage or something similar must be implemented in 100 days. Yes Yes Yes Civil unions
Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska April 2001 0 5 Court ruled that plaintiffs' arguments were moot in light of 1998 state constitutional amendment No No No No
Flag of Massachusetts.svg Massachusetts November 2003 4 3 Court said that same-sex marriages must be legal in 180 days. Yes Yes Yes Marriage
Flag of Arizona.svg Arizona May 2004 Failed Court refused to hear an appeal of Arizona Appellate Court ruling upholding statutory marriage ban.[148] No No No No
Flag of Louisiana.svg Louisiana January 2005 0 7 Constitutional amendment upheld. No No No No
Flag of Oregon.svg Oregon April 2005 0 7 Court ruled that plaintiffs' arguments were moot in light of 2004 state constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage.[149] No No No No
Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg Georgia July 2006 0 7 Constitutional amendment upheld. No No No No
Flag of New York.svg New York July 2006 2 4 Court said that the ban on same-sex marriages is upheld. No No No No
Flag of Washington.svg Washington July 2006 4 5 Court said that the ban on same-sex marriages is upheld. No No No No
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey October 2006 7 0 Same-sex marriage or something similar must be implemented in 100 days. Yes Yes Yes Civil union
Flag of Maryland.svg Maryland September 2007 3 4 Court said that the ban on same-sex marriages is upheld. No No No No
Flag of California.svg California May 2008 4 3 In 30 days same-sex marriages must be legal. Yes Yes No Marriage repealed
Flag of Connecticut.svg Connecticut October 2008 4 3 In 30 days same-sex marriages must be legal. Yes Yes Yes Marriage
Flag of Iowa.svg Iowa April 2009 7 0 In 27 days same-sex marriages must be legal. Yes Yes Yes Marriage
Flag of California.svg California May 2009 1 6 Constitutional amendment upheld - however the 18,000 same-sex marriages are also upheld. No No No -
Flag of New York.svg New York October 2009 3 2 The case challenging the recognition of same-sex marriages in the state of New York was heard and upheld the rights that came with the recognition of same-sex marriages. Yes Recognition upheld Yes Continuing the recognition of same-sex marriages abroad.
Flag of Wisconsin.svg Wisconsin June 2010 0 7 Constitutional amendment upheld by the state's Supreme Court.[150] No No No No
Flag of Texas.svg Texas September 2010 Failed County judge ruled statutory and constitutional ban on same-sex marriage in violation of the US constitution; appealed to 5th Texas Court of Appeals. The court says Texas’ same-sex marriage ban is constitutional.[151] No No No No
Flag of Minnesota.svg Minnesota March 2011 Failed The ban on same-sex marriages was upheld.[152] No No No No
Flag of Wyoming.svg Wyoming June 2011 Allowed Two Wyoming residents are seeking a legal remedy to dissolve a legal relationship created under the laws of Canada.[153] Yes Yes Yes Couple can divorce in Wyoming
Flag of New Jersey.svg New Jersey 2012 ... Seven gay couples filed a lawsuit asserting that New Jersey's civil unions law does not adequately protect same-sex couples under the law in the same way marriage does.[154] ... ...
Flag of Hawaii.svg Hawaii 2012 ... A lesbian couple from Honolulu are suing the state of Hawaii for the right to marry after being told they could not file for a marriage license by the state health department.[155] ... ...

[edit] See also

Portal icon LGBT portal
Portal icon United States portal

[edit] References

  1. ^ Democrats Aim For DOMA Repeal
  2. ^ Ingram, Carl (August 24, 1994). "Senate OKs Bill on Rights for Unwed Couples". PQSAB. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/59581689.html?dids=59581689:59581689&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Aug+24%2C+1994&author=CARL+INGRAM&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&desc=Senate+OKs+Bill+on+Rights+for+Unwed+Couples&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  3. ^ "Wilson: no to domestic partnership bill". Newsbank. (September 12, 1994). http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SB&p_theme=sb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB0DAE9F8A5FB1D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  4. ^ "Gay marriages get thumps up in state senate". Google News. (March 6, 1996). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=e7wRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=O-0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=2906,3197079&dq=domestic-partnerships+hawaii. Retrieved 2009-09-09. 
  5. ^ AB 1059
  6. ^ SB 75
  7. ^ AB 26
  8. ^ SB 1049
  9. ^ AB 25
  10. ^ SB 1575
  11. ^ AB 2216
  12. ^ AB 205
  13. ^ AB 2208
  14. ^ SB 565
  15. ^ SB 973
  16. ^ SB 1827
  17. ^ AB 2051
  18. ^ Cloyd, Wendy ((December 15, 2006)). "New Jersey Legislature Adopts Civil Unions". Citizen Link. http://www.citizenlink.org/content/A000003440.cfm. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  19. ^ "Washington State Passes Domestic Partnership Bill". US Politics. (April 12, 2007). http://uspolitics.about.com/b/2007/04/12/washington-state-passes-domestic-partnership-bill.htm7. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  20. ^ Sklar, Roberta ((May 2, 2007)). "Task Force hails Oregon Senate passage of domestic partnership legislation covering same-sex couples". The Task Force. http://www.thetaskforce.org/press/releases/prOR_050207. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  21. ^ "New York governor to propose legalizing same-sex marriage". CNN. (April 14, 2009). http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/04/14/ny.same.sex.marriage/index.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  22. ^ AB 102
  23. ^ Sklar, Roberta ((February 21, 2008)). "Task Force Action Fund denounces New Mexico Senate’s rejection of comprehensive domestic partnership bill". The Task Force. http://www.thetaskforce.org/press/releases/PR_022108. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  24. ^ Luna, Brad ((March 13, 2008)). "WA domestic partnership expansion bill signed into law". Free Press. http://www.freepress.org/departments/display/7/2008/3048. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  25. ^ "SENATE BILL 566". http://mlis.state.md.us/2008rs/billfile/sb0566.htm. 
  26. ^ Jantzen, M. V. ((May 16, 2008)). "D.C. Council Passes Domestic Partner Law Expansion". DCist. http://dcist.com/2008/05/dc_council_pass.php. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  27. ^ Terrell, Steven ((February 26, 2009)). "Domestic partnership bill fails in Senate". Santa Fe New Mexican. http://www.santafenewmexican.com/Local%20News/Domestic-partnership-bill-fails-in-Senate. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  28. ^ Abel, David ((April 8, 2009)). "Vermont legalizes same-sex marriage". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2009/04/08/vermont_legalizes_same_sex_marriage/. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  29. ^ Matthews, Chase ((April 23, 2009)). "Connecticut Gov. signs gay marriage into law". Chicago Pride. http://www.chicagopride.com/news/article.cfm/articleid/7272400. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  30. ^ Goodnough, Abby ((May 5, 2009)). "Gay Marriage Advances in Maine". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/us/06marriage.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  31. ^ Craig, Tim ((May 5, 2009)). "Uproar in D.C. as Same-Sex Marriage Gains". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/05/05/AR2009050501618.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  32. ^ "Washington Expands Domestic Partnerships, Offers Almost-Marriage". Family Fairness. (April 16, 2009). http://familyfairness.org/blog/news/washington-expands-domestic-partnerships-offers-almost-marriage/. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  33. ^ "Nevada legalizing domestic partnerships". CNN. (May 31, 2009). http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/31/nevada.domestic.partnerships/index.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  34. ^ Love, Norma ((June 3, 2009)). "Gay Marriage: New Hampshire Makes Same-Sex Marriage Legal". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/06/03/gay-marriage-new-hampshir_0_n_211063.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  35. ^ House Bill 2839
  36. ^ Burroway, Jim ((June 17, 2009)). "Wisconsin Senate Approves Domestic Partnerships". Box Turtle Bulletin. http://www.boxturtlebulletin.com/2009/06/17/12265. Retrieved 2009-11-04. 
  37. ^ Schwarzenegger signs Milk Day, marriage recognition into law
  38. ^ Honan, Edith (December 2, 2009). "NY Senate votes down gay marriage bill 38-24". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/companyNewsAndPR/idUSN023732820091202. 
  39. ^ "Washington, D.C. Mayor Signs Law Legalizing Same-Sex Marriage". RTTNews. December 18, 2009. http://www.rttnews.com/Content/PoliticalNews.aspx?Node=B1&Id=1161824. 
  40. ^ RI Lawmakers Back Funeral Rights For Gays
  41. ^ "Gay marriage bill up for vote in NJ next week". Google. Associated Press. December 3, 2009. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h7ATCN30hf4tBjDjBy0Nddn9QaHwD9CC1FVO0. 
  42. ^ Citing Marriage, Tim Pawlenty Rejects Gay Rights Bill
  43. ^ Hawaii Senate passes civil-unions bill with veto-proof majority, 18-7
  44. ^ New York Law Requires Employers to Grant Funeral Leave Benefits to Same-Sex Partners Similar to Those Accorded to Other Employees
  45. ^ AB 2055
  46. ^ Illinois House passes civil unions legislation in historic vote
  47. ^ Illinois Senate OK's Civil Unions For Gay & Lesbian Couples
  48. ^ Illinois Governor Signs Historic Law, Extends a Measure of Fairness to All Couples
  49. ^ Hawaii State Legislature 2011 Regular Session SB232 SD1
  50. ^ Senate approves gay marriage; House passage not assured
  51. ^ Maryland gay marriage bill dies with no final vote
  52. ^ Colorado Senate Passes Civil Unions Bill
  53. ^ House panel kills Colorado civil unions bill on 6-5 party-line vote
  54. ^ Concerning reciprocity and statutory construction with regard to domestic partnerships
  55. ^ Senate Bill # 30
  56. ^ New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law
  57. ^ BREAKING NEWS: House Passes Controversial Civil Unions Bill
  58. ^ SB 117
  59. ^ SB 651
  60. ^ SB 757
  61. ^ [1]
  62. ^ Same-Sex Marriage On New Jersey Senate Agenda
  63. ^ Gay-marriage battle heating up in several states, including Maine
  64. ^ Illinois state reps file marriage equality bill
  65. ^ Civil unions bill introduced in Colorado Legislature
  66. ^ [2]
  67. ^ [3]
  68. ^ Same-Sex Marriages Banned by Fla. House
  69. ^ Bills OK'd Barring Homosexual marriage, adoption
  70. ^ Askew signs bill to ban gay marriage
  71. ^ Homosexual Marriage Ban Signed
  72. ^ [4]
  73. ^ Hawaii bans same-sex marriages
  74. ^ UTAH MAY IGNORE GAY UNIONS
  75. ^ Batt signs law banning recognition of same-sex marriage
  76. ^ Mariage veto
  77. ^ Lawmakers say no to same-sex marriages
  78. ^ Alaska Bars Gay Marriage, Congress To Debate Issue
  79. ^ SAME-SEX MARRIAGE BAN OK'D
  80. ^ Governor signs bill prohibiting same-sex marriage
  81. ^ Senators support bill banning gay marriages
  82. ^ Governor signs ban on same-sex unions
  83. ^ a b House OK's ban on gay marriages
  84. ^ a b State Senate OK's gay marriage, sends bill to Engler
  85. ^ Governor signs bill against gay unions
  86. ^ [5] The Bill
  87. ^ [6] North Carolina SB1487
  88. ^ Gay marriage ban becomes law State of Missouri will recognize only male-female unions
  89. ^ [http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=WT&p_theme=wt&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB0F20C55F3343A&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM Setback for same-sex marriage ban Lieutenant governor's tie-breaking vote dooms measure]
  90. ^ STATE SENATE VOTES TO BAN HOMOSEXUAL MARRIAGES IN PA.
  91. ^ LEGISLATURE PASSES SAME-SEX MARRIAGE BAN GOV. RIDGE SAID HE WILL SIGN THE MEASURE
  92. ^ Mississippi joins ban on same-sex unions
  93. ^ Locke's veto of gay marriage ban stands
  94. ^ "Gay-marriage ban called irrelevant". Boston Globe. April 1, 1997. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/boston/access/11352136.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&type=current&date=Apr+01%2C+1997&author=(AP)&pub=Boston+Globe&desc=Gay-marriage+ban+called+irrelevant&pqatl=google. 
  95. ^ Chiles lets gay mariage ban stand
  96. ^ Gay marriage ban vetoed
  97. ^ "Washington Bans Gay Marriage". Chicago Tribune. February 8, 1998. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/26020491.html?dids=26020491:26020491&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+08%2C+1998&author=Reuters.&pub=Chicago+Tribune&desc=WASHINGTON+BANS+GAY+MARRIAGE&pqatl=google. 
  98. ^ http://apps.leg.wa.gov/billinfo/summary.aspx?year=1997&bill=1130 Veto Vote
  99. ^ http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ic4dAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1KcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2660,5596744&dq=marriage+ban&hl=en
  100. ^ West Virginia Legislature passes same-sex marriage ban
  101. ^ Governor signs gay-marriage ban among flock of other bills
  102. ^ Same-sex marriage ban
  103. ^ . November 14, 2003. http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PD&s_site=twincities&p_multi=SP&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0FEDCCFD6D199435&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. 
  104. ^ [7] Same-Sex Marriage Assembly/Senate Votes (WI)
  105. ^ [8] Details of the Law and Votes Found at the bottom
  106. ^ [9] HB172 Fiscal Note & Local Impact Statement
  107. ^ S.F. No. 0013 Same sex marriages
  108. ^ New Hampshire House Overwhelmingly Rejects Attempt to Repeal Marriage Rights
  109. ^ Repealing New Hampshire’s Gay Marriage Law Is *Inexpedient To Legislate*
  110. ^ Anti-gay marriage bill defeated in Senate
  111. ^ Same-sex marriage vote delayed
  112. ^ [10]
  113. ^ [11]
  114. ^ [12]
  115. ^ Curry, Tom (2005-05-12). "Judge strikes down Nebraska gay marriage ban". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7834478/. Retrieved 2009-10-04. 
  116. ^ Baur, Scott (2005-06-10). "Appeal filed to restore Nebraska’s prohibition of same-sex marriage". Lawrence Journal-World. http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2005/jun/10/nebraska_samesex/?kansas_legislature%20LJWorld.com. Retrieved 2009-10-04. 
  117. ^ Washington Post
  118. ^ "Marriage unanimously affirmed in Louisiana". Alliance Defense Fund. 2005-01-19. http://www.alliancedefensefund.org/news/story.aspx?cid=3297. Retrieved 2009-10-04. 
  119. ^ "Georgia governor vows special session if gay marriage appeal slows". WIS News 10. 2006-05-17. http://www.wistv.com/Global/story.asp?S=4920141. Retrieved 2009-10-04. 
  120. ^ . http://www.cnn.com/2006/LAW/07/06/MF.gay.marriage.ap/. [dead link]
  121. ^ "Judge strikes down Prop. 8, allows gay marriage in California". L.A. Times. 2010-08-04. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2010/08/prop8-gay-marriage.html. Retrieved 4 August 2010. 
  122. ^ Delaware Senate Defeats Gay Marriage Ban
  123. ^ Amendment prohibiting gay marriage clears Senate
  124. ^ Marriage Discrimination Amendment Dies in State Legislature
  125. ^ Indiana House Passes Gay Marriage Ban
  126. ^ Iowa’s governor-elect wants vote to ban gay marriage, criticizes Senate leader
  127. ^ Minnesota Gay Marriage Ban Amendment Clears First Hurdle
  128. ^ Minnesota Gay Marriage Ban Amendment Clears House Panel
  129. ^ "Minn. Senate OKs Vote on Gay-Marriage Ban". The Wall Street Journal. May 11, 2011. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703864204576317523672020078.html?mod=googlenews_wsj. [dead link]
  130. ^ NH House rejects two anti-gay marriage measures
  131. ^ N.H. House Rejects Gay Marriage Ban
  132. ^ NH gay marriage opponents confident of repeal
  133. ^ Legislation introduced to restrict gay marriage in New Mexico
  134. ^ Marriage Definition Bill Tabled Thursday
  135. ^ [13]
  136. ^ NC GOP hopes to pass anti-marriage amendment
  137. ^ The bill has been voted on and passed
  138. ^ House Bill Marriage Amendment
  139. ^ Metcalf wants 'man-woman' as Pennsylvania constitutional marriage definition
  140. ^ Lawmakers Study Amendment Banning Gay Marriage
  141. ^ W.Va. Gay Marriage Ban Fails in House
  142. ^ West Virginia Senators David Nohe, Donna Boley Back Gay Marriage Ban
  143. ^ (Wyo.)-House Now Gets Chance At Gay Marriage Bill
  144. ^ Same-sex marriage constitutional amendment dies in Wyoming House after missing deadline
  145. ^ Full Results
  146. ^ Dean v. District of Columbia
  147. ^ Dean v. District of Columbia
  148. ^ Legal Marriage Court Cases
  149. ^ Mary Li and Rebecca Kennedy et al. v. State of Oregon et al.
  150. ^ Wisconsin Supreme Court Upholds Gay Marriage Ban
  151. ^ Dwyer Arce (September 1, 2010). "Texas appeals court upholds same-sex marriage ban". JURIST - Paper Chase. http://jurist.org/paperchase/2010/09/texas-appeals-court-upholds-same-sex-marriage-ban.php. 
  152. ^ Judge lets Minnesota gay marriage ban stand
  153. ^ Wyoming High Court Grants Divorce to Same-Sex Couple
  154. ^ Lawsuit seeks gay marriage rights in New Jersey
  155. ^ Lesbian Couple Sues Hawaii for Right to Marry
Same-sex marriage legalized:
Same-sex marriage recognized,
but not performed:
Civil union or domestic partnership legal:
Same-sex marriage prohibited by statute:
Same-sex marriage prohibited
by constitutional amendment:
All types of same-sex unions prohibited
by constitutional amendment:
Recognition of same-sex unions undefined
by statute or constitutional amendment:
Notes:
*All out-of-state same-sex marriages are given the benefits of marriage under California law, although only those performed before November 5, 2008, are granted the designation "marriage".
# California's ban on same-sex marriage remains in limbo following a federal case finding the ban unconstitutional, which is currently stayed pending appeal.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Same-sex_marriage_legislation_in_the_United_States&oldid=478513392"
Personal tools
Namespaces

Variants
Actions
Navigation
Interaction
Toolbox
Print/export
Languages