Samosa
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 Samosa with chutney from Mumbai, India |
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| Origin | |
|---|---|
| Alternate name(s) | Samsa, Somsa |
| Place of origin | Central Asia |
| Region or state | Pakistan, North India, South Asia, Central Asia |
| Dish details | |
| Main ingredient(s) | maida, potato, onion, spices, green chili |
| Variations | Chamuça |
A samosa, samsa (Kyrgyz: самса and Kazakh: самса, IPA: [sɑmsɑ́])Punjabi: Samasa,Hindi: Samusa, or somsa (Uzbek: somsa, IPA: [sɒmsá]), is a stuffed pastry and a popular snack in South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, the Horn of Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. It generally consists of a fried triangular- or tetrahedron-shaped pastry shell with a savory filling of spiced potatoes, onion, peas, coriander, minced meat, or sometimes fresh paneer. In a variety called chamuça they are also very popular in Portugal.
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[edit] Ingredients
The popular Indian vegetarian version contains flour (maida), potato, onion, spices, green chili. It is often eaten with chutney, such as mint, coriander or tamarind. It can also be prepared as a sweet form, rather than as a savory one. Non-vegetarian versions can contain meat (e.g. keema) or sometimes fish filling. In Central Asia, the most popular filling for samsa is lamb and onions, although non-meat (pumpkin, potato) versions can also be found.
[edit] History
The Samosa has been a popular snack in South Asia for centuries. It is believed that it originated in Central Asia (where they are known as samsa[1]) prior to the 10th century[2] and were introduced to the Indian subcontinent in the 13th or 14th century by traders from the region[3].
Amir Khusro (1253-1325), a scholar and the royal poet of the Delhi Sultanate, wrote in around 1300 that the princes and nobles enjoyed the "samosa prepared from meat, ghee, onion and so on". [4][5]
Ibn Battuta, the 14th century traveller and explorer, describes a meal at the court of Muhammad bin Tughluq where the samushak or sambusak, a small pie stuffed with minced meat, almonds, pistachio, walnuts and spices, was served before the third course, of pulao [5][6].
The Ain-i-Akbari, a 16th century Mughal document, mentions the recipe for 'Qutab', which it says, “the people of Hindustan call sanbúsah”[7].
[edit] Etymology
The word samosa can be traced to the Persian ‘sanbosag’ [3]. The name in other countries also derives from this root, such as the crescent-shaped sanbusak or sanbusaj in Arab countries, sambosa in Afghanistan, "samboosa" in Tajikistan, samsa by Turkic-speaking nations, sambusa in parts of Iran and chamuça in Goa and Portugal[3].
[edit] Variants
Non-vegetarian samosas may substitute fillings of minced meat or fish. The size and shape of a samosa, as well as the consistency of the pastry used, can vary considerably, although it is mostly triangular. Samosas are often served in chaat, along with the traditional accompaniments of yogurt, chutney, chopped onions and coriander, and chaat masala.
In Pakistan, the Faisalabadi samosa are very well known. People from across Pakistan flock to the city just to try them. They are abnormally large topped with spicy red and white chutney with a side portion of onion salad. The filling is usually mixed vegtable however the meat version also remains very popular.
In Hyderabad, India, a smaller version of the samosa with a thicker pastry crust and mince filled is called a Lukhmi.
In Goa and Portugal, samosas are known as chamuças, usually filled with chicken, beef, pork, or vegetables and generally quite hot. They are an integral part of Goan cuisine and Portuguese cuisine.
Samosas are widespread in Kazakhstan and are known locally as samsa. Samsa are often filled with meat, chicken, or cheese.
[edit] Popularity
Samosas have become popular in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and in Canada and the United States. They are often called "samboosa" or sambusac by the Arabs. In South Africa they are often called "samoosa".[8] Frozen samosas are increasingly available in grocery stores in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. They are called "samusa" in Burmese, and are an extremely popular snack.
While samosas are traditionally fried, many Westerners prefer to bake them, as this is more convenient and healthier. Variations using phyllo[9] or flour tortillas[10] are not unheard of in Western countries.
Portuguese and Goan beef or pork chamuças are very popular. Due to Portuguese influence, chamuças are also very common in several countries along the Atlantic coast of Africa (such as Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola) and Mozambique.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Uzbek samsa Consulate General of Uzbekistan in New York City. Retrieved March 13, 2008.
- ^ Davidson, Alan (1999). The Oxford Companion to Food. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-211579-0.
- ^ a b c Lovely triangles "Hindustan Times", August 23, 2008.
- ^ Savoury temptations The Tribune , September 5, 2005.
- ^ a b Origin www.samosa-connection.com. sambusak: "minced meat cooked with almonds, pistachios, onions and spices placed inside a thin envelop of wheat and deep-fried in ghee".
- ^ Regal Repasts Jiggs Kalra and Dr Pushpesh Pant, India Today Plus, March, 1999.
- ^ Recipes for Dishes Ain-i-Akbari, by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak. English tr. by H. Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873 – 1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, Volume I, Chapt, 24, page 59. “10. Quṭáb, which the people of Hindústán call sanbúsah. This is made several ways. 10 s. meat; 4 s. flour; 2 s. g'hí; 1 s. onions; ¼ s. fresh ginger; ½ s. salt; 2 d. pepper and coriander seed; cardamum, cuminseed, cloves, 1 d. of each; ¼ s. of summáq. This can be cooked in twenty different ways, and gives four full dishes.”
- ^ South African English is lekker!. Retrieved June 13, 2007.
- ^ Fennel-Scented Spinach and Potato Samosas Retrieved February 6, 2008.
- ^ Potato Samosas Retrieved February 6, 2008.
[edit] External links
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Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Samosa |
- Samosa Recipe A site dedicated to samosa recipes.
- The Samosa Diaspora describes similar foods around the world
- "Baked Samosa recipe with Mango Chutney". Wai Lana, wailana.com. http://www.wailana.com/lifestyle/recipes/recipe.php?id=9. Retrieved on 2006-08-29.
- The Samosa Connection for a culinary history
- Video demonstration to make a samosa
