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USGS DEM image of the field in northern Arizona
SP Crater in the field is a cinder cone with a basalt lava flow that extends for 4 miles (6 km).
- This article is about the volcanic field in Arizona. For the city in California, see San Francisco.
The San Francisco volcanic field is an area of volcanoes in northern Arizona, north of Flagstaff, USA. The field covers 1,800 square miles (4,700 km²) of the southern boundary of the Colorado Plateau. The field contains 600 volcanoes ranging in age from less than 6 million years old to less than 1,000 years (Miocene to Holocene), of which Sunset Crater is the youngest.[1] The highest peak in the field is Humphreys Peak which is Arizona's highest peak at 12,633 feet (3,850 m), and is a part of the San Francisco Peaks, an extinct stratovolcano complex.
[edit] Description
The volcanic field seems to have formed from a geological hotspot, a hot area in the mantle. As the North American plate moves over the spot, new volcanoes appear. Thus, the newest volcanoes are at the east side of the field. Most of the volcanoes are basalt cinder cones, but there are also large lava domes consisting of rhyolite and dacite.
Given that Sunset Crater is such a young volcanic feature of this area and that eruptions have occurred every several thousands of years in frequency, it is likely that there will be a future eruption in the San Francisco Volcanic field. However, it is impossible to predict when and exactly where a new eruption might occur. The USGS (United States Geological Survey) does say that a future eruption would most likely be in the eastern side of the volcanic field, where the most recent volcanic activity has occurred. Such an eruption is likely to be small and pose little or no hazard due to the remoteness of the area.
[edit] Notable Vents
Black Point
lava flow in the San Francisco volcanic field.
| Name |
Elevation |
Location |
Last eruption |
| meters |
feet |
Coordinates |
| Bill Williams Mountain[2] |
- |
- |
- |
2.8 million years ago |
| Crater 160[3] |
1,900 |
6,232 |
35°30′N 111°36′W / 35.5°N 111.6°W / 35.5; -111.6 (Crater 160) |
- |
| Double Crater[4] |
2426 |
7959 |
35°20′44″N 111°27′5″W / 35.34556°N 111.45139°W / 35.34556; -111.45139 (Double Crater) |
- |
| Kendrick Peak[2] |
3,175 |
10,418 |
- |
1.4 million years ago |
| O'Leary Peak[2] |
2,718 |
8,916 |
35°24′05″N 111°31′36″W / 35.40139°N 111.52667°W / 35.40139; -111.52667 (O'Leary Peak) |
Pleistocene |
| San Francisco Peaks |
3,851 |
12,633 |
35°20′47″N 111°40′40″W / 35.34639°N 111.67778°W / 35.34639; -111.67778 (San Francisco Peaks) |
- |
| Sitgreaves Mountain[2] |
- |
- |
- |
1.9 million years ago |
| SP Crater (SP Mountain)[5] |
2141 |
7021 |
35°34′56″N 111°37′55″W / 35.58222°N 111.63194°W / 35.58222; -111.63194 (SP Crater) |
71,000 years ago |
| Sunset Crater[2][6] |
2447 |
8026 |
35°21′51″N 111°30′11″W / 35.36417°N 111.50306°W / 35.36417; -111.50306 (Sunset Crater) |
1120 ± 40 years |
| Sugarloaf[2] |
- |
- |
- |
220,000 years ago |
[edit] External link and source
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Holm, R. F., and Moore, R. B., Holocene scoria cone and lava flows at Sunset Crater, northern Arizona, Geological Society of America Centennial Field Guide, 1987. pp. 393-397.
- ^ a b c d e f Wood, Charles A.; Jűrgen Kienle (1993). Volcanoes of North America. Cambridge University Press. pp. 278–281. ISBN 0-512-43811-X.
- ^ "Crater 160, Arizona". Volcano World. http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/crater_160.html. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
- ^ http://www.lat-long.com/Latitude-Longitude-28558-Arizona-Double_Crater.html
- ^ "SP Mountain, Arizona". Volcano World. http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/sp_mountain.html. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
- ^ "Sunset Crater". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1209-02-. Retrieved 2007-05-07.
