Seasickness
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the type of motion sickness. For other uses, see
Seasick.
Seasickness is a form of motion sickness characterized by a feeling of nausea and, in extreme cases, vertigo, experienced after spending time on a craft on water.[1] Some people are particularly vulnerable to the condition with minor stimulus, while others are relatively immune, or become immune through exposure.[1] It is hazardous for scuba divers[2] who, through dehydration following vomiting, are at increased risk of decompression illness.
[edit] Prevention and remedy
Over-the-counter medications such as Cinnarizine/Stugeron and prescription medications such as dimenhydrinate,[3] scopolamine[4] and promethazine[5] (as transdermal patches and tablets) are readily available. As these medications often have side effects, anyone involved in high-risk activities while at sea (such as SCUBA divers) must evaluate the risks versus the benefits.[6][7][8][9] Promethazine is especially known to cause drowsiness, which is often counteracted by ephedrine in a combination known as "the Coast Guard cocktail."[10]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ a b Benson, Alan J. (2002). "Motion Sickness". In Kent B. Pandoff and Robert E. Burr. Medical Aspects of Harsh Environments. 2. Washington, D.C.: Borden Institute. pp. 1048–1083. ISBN 978-0-16-051184-4. http://www.bordeninstitute.army.mil/published_volumes/harshEnv2/HE2ch35.pdf. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
- ^ Norfleet WT, Peterson RE, Hamilton RW, Olstad CS (January 1992). "Susceptibility of divers in open water to motion sickness". Undersea Biomedical Research 19 (1): 41–7. PMID 1536062. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2621. Retrieved 2009-07-16.
- ^ Weinstein SE, Stern RM (October 1997). "Comparison of marezine and dramamine in preventing symptoms of motion sickness". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 68 (10): 890–4. PMID 9327113.
- ^ Spinks AB, Wasiak J, Villanueva EV, Bernath V (July 2007). Wasiak, Jason. ed. "Scopolamine (hyoscine) for preventing and treating motion sickness". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 18 (3): CD002851. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002851.pub3. PMID 17636710.
- ^ "Phenergan information". Drugs.com. http://www.drugs.com/phenergan.html. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
- ^ Schwartz, Henry JC and Curley, Michael D (1986). "Transdermal Scopolamine in the Hyperbaric Environment". United States Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3528. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Bitterman N, Eilender E, Melamed Y (May 1991). "Hyperbaric oxygen and scopolamine". Undersea Biomedical Research 18 (3): 167–74. PMID 1853467. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2573. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Williams TH, Wilkinson AR, Davis FM, Frampton CM (March 1988). "Effects of transcutaneous scopolamine and depth on diver performance". Undersea Biomedical Research 15 (2): 89–98. PMID 3363755. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2495. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Arieli R, Shupak A, Shachal B, Shenedrey A, Ertracht O, Rashkovan G (1999). "Effect of the anti-motion-sickness medication cinnarizine on central nervous system oxygen toxicity". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine 26 (2): 105–9. PMID 10372430. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2307. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ East Carolina University Department of Diving & Water Safety. "Seasickness: Information and Treatment". http://www.ecu.edu/diving/AFSCseasickness.pdf.
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