Second migration to Abyssinia
- This is a sub-article to Muhammad before Medina and Muhammad in Medina
Following the migration and return of the most Sahabas from the First migration to Abyssinia (Sa'd ibn abi Waqqas and some did not return but left Abyssinia by sea for preaching overseas to east Asia),[1] the Muslims continued to suffer Persecution by the Meccans [2]. This time, in 6 BH (615 CE) almost one hundred Muslims made a second migration back to Ethiopia where they stayed protected [3].
After the Muslims in Arabia had migrated to Medina in 7 AH (628) [3] and attained security, the Muslims in Ethiopia migrated back to Arabia and reunited with them in Medina [2] after six years absence [3].
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[edit] History
Following the first migration to Abyssinia, the Meccan polytheists were on the alert for a second migration, however they were not able to stop the Muslims' escape [2].
[edit] Second migration
The second migration took place in 615 CE [4]. The group of emigrants this time comprised eighty three men and eighteen to nineteen women [2].
[edit] Delegation from Mecca
The Meccan polytheists did not appreciate that the Muslim had found a refuge, so they equipped ‘Amr ibn al-‘As and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Rabi‘a with valuable gifts and sent them to the court of Aksum. They became successful in winning some of the courtiers over to their side and argued that the King should expel the Muslims back to Mecca and made over to them, on the grounds that they had apostated and preached a religion alien to both the Meccan religion and Christianity, the official Aksumite religion [2].
[edit] First meeting
The king of Aksum, Ashama ibn Abjar in the Muslim tradition (Ella Seham and variants in the Ethiopian), summoned the Muslims to the court and asked them to explain the teachings of their religion. The Muslim emigrants had decided to tell the whole truth whatever the consequences were. Ja'far ibn Abu Talib, the son of Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, the powerful Banu Hashim leader, stood up and addressed the king in the following words [2]:
O king! we were plunged in the depth of ignorance and barbarism; we adored idols, we lived in unchastity, we ate the dead bodies, and we spoke abominations, we disregarded every feeling of humanity, and the duties of hospitality and neighbourhood were neglected; we knew no law but that of the strong, when God (Arabic: الله Allāh) raised among us a man, of whose birth, truthfulness, honesty, and purity we were aware; and he called to the Oneness of God, and taught us not to associate anything with Him. He forbade us the worship of idols; and he enjoined us to speak the truth, to be faithful to our trusts, to be merciful and to regard the rights of the neighbours and kith and kin; he forbade us to speak evil of women, or to eat the substance of orphans; he ordered us to fly from the vices, and to abstain from evil; to offer prayers, to render alms, and to observe fast. We have believed in him, we have accepted his teachings and his injunctions to worship God, and not to associate anything with Him, and we have allowed what He has allowed, and prohibited what He has prohibited. For this reason, our people have risen against us, have persecuted us in order to make us forsake the worship of God and return to the worship of idols and other abominations. They have tortured and injured us, until finding no safety among them, we have come to your country, and hope you will protect us from oppression. [2]
Ashama was impressed by the speech and asked for some of God's Revelations. Ja‘far recited the opening verses of Surah Maryam. The chapter is about the birth of John and Jesus, and Mary having been fed with the food miraculously [2]. The story moved to tears the bishops and king who exclaimed: "It seems as if these words and those which were revealed to Jesus are the rays of the light which have radiated from the same source." Turning to the crest-fallen envoys of Quraish, he said, "I am afraid, I cannot give you back these refugees. They are free to live and worship in my realm as they please." [2].
[edit] Second meeting
The following day, the ‘Amr ibn al-‘As and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Rabi‘a went to the king and said that Muhammad and his followers blasphemed Jesus. Ja‘far again stood up and replied: "We speak about Jesus as we have been taught by our prophet, that is, he is the servant of Allâh, His Messenger, His spirit and his word breathed into Virgin Mary." The king replied, "Even so do we believe. Blessed be you, and blessed be your master." The king turned to the two frowning Meccan envoys and to his bishops who got angry, he said: "You may fret and fume as you like but Jesus is nothing more than what Ja‘far has said about him."
The King assured the Muslims full protection and returned the gifts to the envoys of Quraish and sent them away.
[edit] Return to Arabia
The Muslims lived in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) unmolested for a number of years. During this period were the Muslims in Arabia subjected to the Meccan boycott of the Hashemites (617), the Year of Sorrow (619), Muhammad's visit to Ta'if (620), the Isra and Mi'raj (621) and finally the Migration to Medina (622) [2]. The Muslims in Ethiopia would not return to Arabia and reunited with their fellow Muslims in Medina until in 7 AH (628) [3].
[edit] Undated events
Abu Bakr wished to spare A'isha the discomforts of a journey to Ethiopia and tried to bring forward her marriage to Mut`am's son. Mut`am refused because Abu Bakr had converted to Islam this is according to Tabari.
During this migration, the prophet Muhammad married Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan while not present there, since her husband relapsed to Christianity.
They returned to Mecca after some years under the protection of Ashama ibn Abjar, the Emperor of Ethiopia.
[edit] List
[edit] Second List
In the second hijirra to Al-Nejash there were 83 men and 11 women who started their life in Ethiopia. It focusses on the list of members of the Sahbas and Sahabyat. Their number amounts 94 Sahbas and 26 female Sehabyat:[5]
- Aswed Bin Newfel
- Beshir Bin Al-Haris
- Temin Bin Al-Haris
- Jafer Bin Abu-Talib Ja'far, a cousin of Prophet Muhammd reached China in 616-18 with Sa'd ibn abi Waqqas; Muslims of Khotan (west of Tibet) trace Islamic ancestry to Jafar, a cousin of Muhammad[6]
- Jehim Bin Keys Bin Abd
- Al –Haris Bin Al-Haris
- Al-Haris Bin Halid Bin Sohir
- Haris Bin Abd Bin keys
- Hatib Bin Al-Hirs
- Hatib Bin Amr Bin Abdshems
- Hajaj Bin Hars Bin Keys
- Hetuab Bin Al-Hars Bin Muimer
- Halid Bin Hazam Bin Huweylid
- Halid Bin Seid Ibnul As (He accepted Islam following Abubeker Sediq).
- Huneys Bin Huzafa Bin Keys
- Zubeyr Bin Al-Awam
- Saib Bin Al-Hars Bin Keys
- Saib Bin Mezur Bin Habib
- Seid Bin Hewla Bin Amir
- Seid Bin Abdeyn Keys Bin Lukeyt
- Seid Bin Al-Hars Bin Keys Bin Seid
- Seid Bin Amir At-Temimiy
- Sufiyan Bin Amir Bin Rezik
- Sekran Bin Amr Bin Abdshems
- Selemet Bin Hisham Bin Mugirah
- Selit Bin Amr Bin Abdshems
- Sehl Bin Wehib Bin Rebiah Bin Amr
- Sehil Bin Wehb Ibn Rebiah Bin Amr
- Suweybit Bin Seid Bin Hermelah Bin Malik
- Shejai Bin Abi Wehib Bin Wehib Bin Rebia
- Shemenas Bin Ousman Bin Sherid Bin Haremiyi
- Tolib Bin Azhar Bin Abd
- Tuablib Bin Oumeyr Bin Wehil Bin Abd
- Amir Bin Rebiah Bin Kaib Bin Malik
- Amir Bin Abdeluah Bin Al-Jerrah Bin Hilal
- Amir Bin Malik Bin Uhaib Bin Abdmenaf
- Ubeydulah Bin Jehish Bin Rebab Bin Yeimer
- Abdelah Bin Hirs Bin Keys Bin Adey
- Abdelah Bin Huzafah Bin Keys Bin Adey
- Abdelah Bin Sufian Bin Abdel Ased Bin Helal
- Abdelah Bin Sahil Bin Amr
- Abdelah Bin Abdel Ased Bin Hilal
- Abdelah Bin Mehremah Bin Abdeluziza
- Abdelah Bin Mesud Bin Gafil Bin Hubeyb
- Abdelah Bin Meziun Bin Habib Bin Wehib
- Abdelah Bin Mugera Bin Muaykeb
- Abdurahman Bin Awf Bin Abdawf
- Abd Bin Jehsh Bin Rebab Bin Yeimer
- Utbet Bin Gezwan Bin Jebir Bin Wehif
- Utbet Bin Mesud Bin Gafil Bin Habib
- Usman Bin Rabiah Bin Ahban Bin Wehib
- Usman Bin Abd Bin Genem Bin Zehir
- Usman Bin Sherid Bin Suweyd
- Usman Bin Affan Bin Abel As Bin Ummeyah
- Usman Bin Mezun Bin Habib Bin Wehib
- Adiy Bin Nedlah Bin Abdeluzza Bin Harsan Bin Awf
- Urwet Bin Asaseh (Ibn Abi Asaseh) Bin Abdeluzza
- Ammar Bin Yasir Bin Amir Bin Malik Bin Kinanar
- Omer Bin Sufian Bin Abdelased Bin Hilal Bin Abdelah
- Omer Bin Umeya Bin Hirs Bin Ased Bin Abdeluzza
- Amr Bin Umeya Bin Huweylid Bin Abdelah
- Amr Bin Al-Jehim
- Omer Bin Abi Serh Bin Rabiah Bin Hilal Bin Malik
- Amr Bin Seid Bin Al-As Bin Umeya Bin Abdshems
- Amr Bin Al-As Bin Wail Bin Hashim Bin Seid
- Amr Bin Usman Bin Keib Bin Seid Bin Teym
- Omer Bin Rebab Bin Huzeyfah
- Ayyash Bin Amr
- Ayyad Bin Zehir Bin Abi Shedad Bin Rebiah Bin Hilal
- Firas Bin Nedir Bin Hirs Bin Ilkima Bin Kuldah
- Kudamah Bin Mezun Bin Habib Bin Wehib Bin Huzafah
- Keys Bin Huzafah Bin Keys Bin Ady Bin Seid Bin Sehim
- Keys Bin Abdelah
- Malik Bin Zemah Bin Keys Bin Abdshemis Bin Abdowd
- Malik Bin Wehib Bin Abdemenaf Bin Zahra Bin Kilab
- Muhamya Bin Juzi Bin Abdyegus Bin Uweyj Bin Omer
- Musab Bin Omer Bin Hashim Bin Abdmenaf Bin Abdedar
- Mutolib Bin Azhar Bin Abdawf Bin Abdel Hirs Bin Zahra
- Muateb Bin Awf Bin Amir Bin Al-Fedl Bin Afif
- Meimer Bin Al-Hirs Bin Keys Bin Ady Bin Seid Bin Sehim
- Meimer Bin Abdelah Bin Nedlah Bin Abdel Uzaz Bin Harsan
- Muaykib Ibn Abi Fatimet
- Mikdad Bin Amr Bin Seileba Bin Malik Bin Sherid Bin Rebiah
- Nebih Bin Osman Bin Rebiah Bin Wehib Bin Huzafah
- Hebar Bin Sufian Bin Abdel Ased Bin Hilal Bin Abdelah
- Hisham Bin Abi Huzeyfa Bin Mehishem Bin MUgira
- Hesham Bin Alas Bin Wail Bin Hisham
- Yezid Bin Zemia Bin Al-Aswed Bin Mutolib Bin Ased
- Abu Huzeyfa Bin Utba Bin Rebia Bin Abd Shems Bin Abdmenaf
- Abu Rum Bin Umeyr Bin Hashim Bin Abdmenaf Bin Abddodar
- Abu Sebret Bin Bbi Rehm Bin Abdel Uzza Bin Abi Keys Bin Abd
- Abu Fekiha Mewla Beni Abdedar
- Abu Keys Ibnel Hirs Bin Keys Bin Adiy Bin Seid Bin Sehim
[edit] The Women Sohabyat Who came to Ethiopia
- Asmai Bint Selema (Bint Mehrem Bin Jendel Bin Abir Bin Nehshel)
- Asmai Bint Umeys Bin Meibed Ibnel Hirs Bin Keib Bin Teym Bin Malik
- Umeyma Bint Helef Bin Asad Bin Amir Bin Beyaduah Bin Sebi
- Bereket Bint Yesar
- Hasna Amu Shurehbil
- Hamnet Bint Jehsh Bin Rebab
- Hewlet Bint Aswed Bin Huzeyman
- Raituah Bint Alhirs Bin Habilah Bin Amir Bin Keib Bin Seid
- Rukyah Bint Muhammed, daughter of the prophet Mohammed
- Remlah Bint Abu Sufian Bin Sohir Bin Harb Bin Umeya Bin Abdshems
- Remlah Bint Abi Awf Bin Subeyret Bin Seid
- Zeyneb Bint Jehsh Bin Reyyab
- Sehlet Bint Sehil Bin Amr
- Sewda Bint Zem’a Bin Keys Bin Abdshems Bint Abdwd Bin Nesr
- Omra Bint Sedy Bin Wekdan Bin Abdshems Bin Abdwd
- Fatimet Bint Al-MujelilBin Abdelah Bin Keys Bin Abdwd
- Fatimet BinT Sofwan Bin Umeya Bin Muhris Bin Sheq
- Fekiha Bint Yesar
- Qehtom Bint Alkemah Bin Abdelah Bin Abikeys
- Leyla Bint Abi Hasma Bin Huzeyfa Bin Ganim Bin Amir
- Hamiyet Bint Khalid (Khelef)
- Hend Bint Abi Umeyah
- Amu Habiba Bint Jehsh Bin Rebab Al-Asedya
- Amu Kulsum Bint Sehil Ibn Amr
- Amu Yekezot Bint Alkima Amu Selit Bin Selit
- Amu Aymen Bereket Alhabeshiya
This list also excludes those gone for overseas preaching.[7]
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This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ www.indianmuslims.info/history_muslim in manipur; http://drkokogyi.wordpress.com/2010/10/28/origin-of-some-of-the-muslims-in-manipur-arakan-and-panthay-burmese-chinese-muslims/;www.e-pao.net/epSubPageSelector.asp%3
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j The Sealed Nectar [1] on sunnipath.com
- ^ a b c d Christdot :: Christ. Period. :: The "Satanic Verses": Did Muhammad Compromise Islam?
- ^ witness-pioneer.org
- ^ http://dcbun.tripod.com/id17.html
- ^ T.W. Arnold 1913/1997, The Preaching of Islam, Delhi: LP Pub., p.294 nt.8
- ^ http://dcbun.tripod.com/id17.html
