Peruvian Segunda División
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| Countries |  Peru |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1936 |
| Number of teams | 11 |
| Levels on pyramid | 2 |
| Promotion to | Primera División |
| Relegation to | Copa Perú |
| Current champions | José Gálvez (2011) |
| TV partners | CMD |
| Website | www.adfp-sd.com |
 2012 season |
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The Segunda División (Second Division) of Peru is the second division of Peruvian football. It is not a professional division but was declared a promotional division by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF). After years of changing numbers of clubs, as of 2012 the league includes 11 clubs. It is currently organized by the Asociación Deportiva de Futbol Profesional.
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[edit] History
The format of the Second Division has changed over the years. For decades after it was first formed in 1936, only clubs from the Department of Lima participated in the annual tournament. The winner was promoted to the Primera Division Peruana (First Division), the professional league.
- 1988-1990, the winner was promoted to the Regional Metropolitan League (Torneo Metropolitano Regional).
- 1991, there was no promotion because the First Division was undergoing major changes.
- 1992, the format changed again. This time the winner of the tournament would play against the winners of the northern, southern and central regions in order to be promoted.
- 1993-1997, the former system, in which the winner was directly promoted to the first division, was used.
- 1998, the winner of the Second Division played a game against the second-to-last placed club of the First Division, to determine which would be in the First Division.
- 1999-2003, the former system of promotion and relegation was used.
- 2004-2008, a new format was adopted, in which the winner and runner-up of the Second Division would play in the Round of 16 of the Copa Perú.
- 2009, the winner of the tournament was to be promoted to the First Division, while the last team will be relegated from the tournament and will play in the 2010 edition of the Copa Perú. Their places will be taken by the two relegated clubs of the First Division, and the team that finished in third place in the 2009 Copa Perú.
In 2009 the Segunda División expanded to twelve teams; the two new spots to be taken by the teams that finished fourth and fifth in the 2009 edition of the Copa Perú. During the 2009 tournament, each club played every other club three times: the first two rounds to be in a home and away game basis, while in the third round, the club that has the right to play at home was the one that has obtained the best results during the two previous matches. Teams from outside of Lima could participate in the tournament. Teams which were relegated from the First Division could choose to enter either the Segunda División or the Copa Perú.
[edit] Competition format and sponsorship
As of 2010, the winner of the tournament will be promoted to the First Division, while the last team will be relegated from the tournament and will play in the 2011 edition of the Copa Perú. Their places will be taken by the two relegated clubs of the First Division, and the team that finishes second place in the 2010 Copa Perú.
[edit] Sponsorship
The Peruvian Segunda División is sponsored by Movistar TV, hence the name Torneo de Ascenso. They have had exclusive broadcasting rights.
[edit] Criticisms
The Segunda División has received numerous criticisms, chiefly due to the lack of stability in the process of competition and promotion, and the lack of professionalism.[1] Most critics accuse the football federation president, Manuel Burga, as the cause of the problems and an unpopular figure recently in Peruvian football.
[edit] Team count
The Segunda División has several times changed the number of teams that operate in the league. Over the course of 74 years, the Segunda has had as few as four teams and as many as 16. The early Segunda División were played with an average number of teams ranging from 4 to 10. Prior to the current 12-club Segunda División, during the 2000s, the team count continued to fluctuate between 10, 12, 14, 16 and even a surprising 13. For example, 12 teams competed in 2009, 10 competed in 2008, 11 competed in 2007, and 12 teams competed from 2004-2006. In 2001 and 2002, the Segunda División played with a record 16 teams.
[edit] Artificial turf
Several stadiums used in the second division have artificial grass installed for the so-called massification of sport.[2] Most stadiums in Peru are owned by the IPD (Instituto Peruano del Deporte), which is the state group responsible for supporting the use of artificial turf. This has been severely criticized by top division teams and the media. At first, these artificial turfs were installed for the 2005 FIFA U-17 World Cup; however, more artificial turf was installed in other stadiums after the U-17 World Cup concluded.[3] These turfs are criticized for having a negative influence on the game and for the injuries which they cause to players.
[edit] Clubs
Currently, 10 clubs participate in the Segunda División, a change since the 2010 season because two teams withdrew before the start of the season. Five of the clubs are from Lima, and the remaining clubs make up the five teams from the country's interior. Prior to the current 10-club Segunda División, 12 teams competed in 2009, 10 competed in 2008, 11 competed in 2007 and 12 teams competed 2004-2006. In 2001 and 2002, the Segunda División played with a record 16 teams. In 2011, 12 teams will compete: 8 of last championship, the two relegated teams of Descentralizado and the second and third place of Copa Perú 2010.
Ciclista Lima and Unión Huaral, currently in the Copa Perú promotion tournament, have four titles won over the other clubs in Peru. Guardia Republicana, Mariscal Sucre, Unión Callao, Telmo Carbajo and Carlos Concha trail behind with 3 titles. Universidad César Vallejo, Total Clean, Cobresol, and José Gálvez are the only clubs outside the metropolitan area of Lima to have won a Segunda Division championship. In addition, Alianza Lima, Atlético Chalaco, Centro Iqueño, Defensor Lima, Deportivo Municipal, Mariscal Sucre, San Agustín, Sport Boys, and Unión Huaral are the only teams that have been champions of First and Second Division.
Deportivo Coopsol (Deportivo Aviación) is the club with the longest spell in the Segunda División, playing since 1999 when they first debuted in the Segunda División. They are followed by Universidad San Marcos, who have been playing since the 2001 edition of the Segunda División.
The oldest clubs currently participating in the Segunda División are Coronel Bolognesi, Atlético Torino, and Hijos de Acosvinchos, which were founded in 1929 and 1946, respectively. The newest clubs active in the Segunda División include Alianza Unicachi and Universidad San Marcos.
Since the Second Division began at the national level in 2006, only 16 of the 25 regions have had representative teams in the Second Division. These are Ancash, Apurímac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Ica, Junín, La Libertad, Lima, Loreto, Moquegua, Piura, Puno, and Ucayali.
| Team | City | Founded | First season in Segunda División |
First season of current spell in Segunda División |
Stadium | Capacity[4] | Field | Top division titles |
Last top division title |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alianza Atlético | Sullana | 1920 | 2012 | 2012 | Campeones del 36 | 8,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Alianza Unicachi | Yunguyo | 2010 | 2011 | 2011 | Enrique Torres Belón | 20,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Atlético Minero | Matucana | 1997 | 2006 | 2009 | Municipal de Matucana | 5,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Atlético Torino | Talara | 1946 | 2009 | 2009 | Campeonísimo | 8,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Colegio Nacional Iquitos | Iquitos | 1926 | 2012 | 2012 | Max Augustin | 24,000 | Artificial | 0 | — |
| Coronel Bolognesi | Tacna | 1929 | 2010 | 2010 | Jorge Basadre | 19,850 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Deportivo Coopsol | Chancay | 1964 | 1999 | 1999 | Rómulo Shaw Cisneros | 13,000 | Grass | 1 | 2000 |
| Hijos de Acosvinchos | Lima | 1946 | 2007 | 2007 | San Marcos | 43,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Pacífico | Lima | 1960 | 2012 | 2012 | San Martín de Porres | 18,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Sport Áncash | Huaraz | 1967 | 2010 | 2010 | Rosas Pampa | 18,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
| Universidad San Marcos | Lima | 2001 | 2001 | 2001 | San Marcos | 43,000 | Grass | 0 | — |
[edit] Amateur era (1934–1987)
Peruvian Segunda División had amateur status since its foundation until 1987. In the course of this era, Telmo Carbajo, Ciclista Lima, Unión Callao, Carlos Concha and Mariscal Sucre shared the most titles. The first run from 1936 to 1987 featured clubs only from Lima and Callao.
[edit] Profesional era (1988–present)
In 1988 the league obtained professional status and in 2006 expanded the league to the entire nation, beginning the Segunda Divisón Nacional.
[edit] Nacional seasons
| Season | Champion | Count | Runner-up | Third Place |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2006 | Deportivo Municipal | 2 | Universidad San Marcos | Deportivo Aviación |
| 2007 | Universidad César Vallejo | 1 | Atlético Minero | Universidad Técnica de Cajamarca |
| 2008 | Total Clean | 1 | Inti Gas Deportes | Sport Águila |
| 2009 | Sport Boys | 2 | Cobresol | Deportivo Coopsol |
| 2010 | Cobresol | 1 | Sport Áncash | Hijos de Acosvinchos |
| 2011 | José Gálvez | 1 | Deportivo Coopsol | Alianza Unicachi |
[edit] Titles by club
[edit] Titles by region
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Becker, Wolfy (6 March 2007). "The dreadful situation of Peruvian football". Wolfy Becker. http://journalperu.com/?p=479. Retrieved 15 June 2009.
- ^ "Woodman: "No habrá cambio de césped en el Elías Aguirre" [There will not be changes to the field in the Elías Aguirre]" (in Spanish). Peru.com. http://www.peru.com/futbol/sgc/portada/2009/05/14/detalle34297.aspx. Retrieved 26 April 2010. "Agregó que de ninguna manera se cambiara el césped sintético a los demás estadios del país que tienen este tipo de gramado. 'Nosotros estamos para masificar el deporte y el pasto sintético es un tema apoyado por la FIFA.... Además sí se puede jugar al fútbol, como se juega en todos lados' subrayó Woodman."
- ^ "Three Companies re-sign agreement". FIFA. http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/federation/news/newsid=102015.html. Retrieved 26 May 2010. "Polytan Sportstättenbau GmbH, the German-based company, won the tender for installing 4 fields in Peru, all of which were used for the FIFA U-17 World Championship Peru 2005. This was the first time a FIFA Final tournament was played entirely on artificial turf."
- ^ Lades, Gunther. "Peru". fussballtempel.net. http://www.fussballtempel.net/conmebol/PER.html. Retrieved 2 February 2008.
[edit] External links
- FPF Official Federation Website
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