Seiji Ogawa
| Seiji Ogawa | |
|---|---|
| Born | 19 January 1934 Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Japan |
| Alma mater | University of Tokyo Stanford University |
| Known for | fMRI |
Seiji Ogawa (小川 誠二 Ogawa Seiji, born January 19, 1934) is a Japanese researcher known for discovering the technique that underlies Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). He determined that the changes in blood oxygen levels cause its magnetic resonance imaging properties to change, allowing a map of blood, and hence, functional, activity in the brain to be created. This map reflected which neurons of the brain responded with electrochemical signals to mental processes. The technique was therefore called Blood-oxygen-level dependent or BOLD contrast.
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[edit] Early career
Seiji Ogawa trained as an applied physicist in Tokyo and got a PhD in chemsitry from Stanford. He worked for 33 years in Biophysics research at AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, New Jersey, and was a Distinguished Member of the technical staff. In 2001, he became Director of the Ogawa Laboratories for Brain Function Research in Tokyo. He has received several awards for his magnetic resonance work, is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences and has been awarded the Japan International Prize.[1]
[edit] fMRI
Ogawa discovered the principle which is now widely used to functionally and physiologically image the brain, particularly the human brain. He built on the technology of magnetic resonance imaging by using the difference in blood oxygenation level to generate a brain map corresponding to blood flow to active neurons. This helped to map the functional activity of the brain noninvasively, adding to the structural mapping provided by MRI. FMRI is now widely used in biology, neurobiology, psychology, neurology and other branches of research and to diagnose the physiological basis of mental illnesses and organic brain dysfunction in clinical medicine.[2]
[edit] Honors
- 1995 GOLD Medal Award from Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
- 1996 Biological Physics Prize of the American Physical Society
- 1998 Nakayama Prize from Nakayama Foundation for Human Science, Japan
- 2000 Member of Institute of Medicine
- 2003 Japan Prize
- 2003 Gairdner Foundation International Award
- 2007 International Society of Magnetic Resonance Prize
- 2008 Olli V. Lounasmaa Memorial Prize of Finland
[edit] References
- ^ "Seiji Ogawa". Canada Gairdner awards. http://www.gairdner.org/awardrecipients/awardees2/20071998/2003awarde/seijiogawa. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- ^ "Researchers:Ogawa, Seiji". International Center for Scientific Research. 1999. http://www.cirs.net/researchers/researchers.php?id=643. Retrieved December 29, 2011.
- "Japan Prize 2003". http://www.japanprize.jp/en/prize_past_2003_prize02.html. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- "Bell Labs Biography". http://www.bell-labs.com/news/2000/october/16/2.html. Retrieved 17 July 2006.
- Chemical & Engineering News (published by American Chemical Society); 19 March 2007, page 71
- "Original research article - Ogawa et al. (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci 87:9868-9872". http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/87/24/9868.
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