Sequential art

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Sequential art refers to the art form of using a train of images deployed in sequence^[1] to graphic storytelling or convey information. The best-known example of sequential art is comics, which are a printed arrangement of art and balloons, especially comic books and comic strips.

The term is rarely applied to other media, such as film, animation or storyboards. Of these three, the storyboard would be the best example of sequential art, however. Scott McCloud also notes that the movie roll, before it is being projected, arguably could be seen as a very slow comic.

Contents 1 Origins of the term 2 Types of sequential art 2.1 Wall paintings and hieroglyphs 2.2 Sequential sculpture 2.3 Picture manuscripts 2.4 Sequential tapestry 2.5 Sequences in painting 2.6 Early printed sequential art 2.7 Comics 2.8 Storyboards 2.9 Web comics 3 References

[edit] Origins of the term

The term was coined in 1985 by comics artist Will Eisner in his book Comics and Sequential Art. Scott McCloud another comics artist, elaborated the explanation further, in his books Understanding Comics and Reinventing Comics.

[edit] Types of sequential art

Sequential art predates comics by millenia. Some of the earliest examples are the cave paintings, Egyptian hieroglyphics and paintings and pre-Columbian American picture manuscripts, which were recurrent mediums of artistic expression^[2].

[edit] Wall paintings and hieroglyphs

All the forms of communications since the dawn of human intellect has always served to transmit human experience. Wall painting is the earliest form of graphic communication; it pre-dates written communication and it's earliest example are found in caves. Egyptian friezes made more accurate, methodical and organized depiction of their lifestyle through this same medium.

Egyptian hieroglyphs codified the images into repeatable and easier to reproduce symbols. In fact the proto-writing and the early alphabets, such as the EgyptianCanaanite alphabet, Chinese and Phoenician, also make clear references to their evolution from wall painting. ^[3]

[edit] Sequential sculpture

Greek artists used to use friezes and vases as mediums to tell stories. They lack color and use sculpture instead. Rome's Trajan's Column, dedicated in 113 AD, is an early surviving examples of a narrative told through the use of sequential pictures. Since only five codices of Mayan culture are known to survive to this day, the mayor sources of pre-Columbian sequentian art are paintings on vessels and plates.

[edit] Picture manuscripts

Several pre-Columbian codices produced by the Mayan and Mixtec cultures are clear examples of sequential art.^[4]

[edit] Sequential tapestry

Tapestry is a form of textile art, woven on a vertical loom. In some cases it was used as a medium to tell stories. The Bayeux Tapestry tells the story of the Norman conquest of England. The two combatants are the Anglo-Saxon English, led by Harold Godwinson, recently crowned as King of England (before that a powerful earl), and the Normans, led by William the Conqueror.

[edit] Sequences in painting

Painting can also be a common ground for sequential art. For instance, in Lucas Cranach the Elder's "Adam and Eve" different scenes of the Biblical story are shown in the same painting: on the front, God is admonishing the couple for their sin; in the background to the right are shown the earlier scenes of Eve's creation from Adam's rib and of their being tempted to eat the forbidden fruit; on the left is the later scene of their expulsion from Paradise.

Cubist paintings share characteristics with sequential art, with the main difference being that the images are not juxtaposed but repeated over themselves in different poses sharing some shapes.

[edit] Early printed sequential art

The invention of the printing press, allowing movable type, established a separation between images and words, the two requiring different methods in order to be reproduced. Early printed material concentrated on religious subjects, but through the 17th and 18th centuries they began to tackle aspects of political and social life, and also started to satirize and caricature. It was also during this period that the speech bubble was developed as a means of attributing dialogue.

William Hogarth is often identified in histories of the comics form. His work, A Rake's Progress, was composed of a number of canvases, each reproduced as a print, and the eight prints together created a narrative. As printing techniques developed, due to the technological advances of the industrial revolution, magazines and newspapers were established. These publications utilized illustrations as a means of commenting on political and social issues, such illustrations becoming known as cartoons in the 1840s. Soon, artists were experimenting with establishing a sequence of images to create a narrative.

While surviving works of these periods such as Francis Barlow's A True Narrative of the Horrid Hellish Popish Plot (c.1682) as well as The Punishments of Lemuel Gulliver and A Rake's Progress by William Hogarth (1726), can be seen to establish a narrative over a number of images, it wasn't until the 19th century that the elements of such works began to crystallise into the comic strip.

[edit] Comics

Comics were an eventual product of the invention of printing. As an art form, comics established popularized itself in the pages of newspapers and magazines in the late 19th and early 20th century, alongside the similar forms created as a consequence of the invention of photography: film and animation. The three forms share certain conventions, most noticeably the mixing of words and pictures, and all three owe parts of their conventions to the technological leaps made through the industrial revolution.

[edit] Storyboards

A storyboard is a graphic organizer used by directors and artists for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence, including website interactivity. the are commonly a series of illustrations, pictures or images displayed in sequence.

[edit] Web comics

The latest form of sequential art is the web comic. As pointed by McCloud in Reinventing Comics, in contrast with any printed media, it isn't really limited to the size of a page. While the size of the screen might limit what the reader might see at once, the story might continue in other pages, or in any direction of a single page. A single panel of a web comic can also continue in more than one sequence.

[edit] References